Editing Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (section)

=== Final campaigns and the Peace of Middle 1231–1240 ===
In 1231, there was further fighting. Llywelyn was becoming concerned about the growing power of Hubert de Burgh. Some of his men had been taken prisoner by the garrison of Montgomery and beheaded, and Llywelyn responded by burning [[Montgomery, Powys]], [[New Radnor]], [[Hay-on-Wye|Hay]], and [[Brecon]] before turning west to capture the castles of [[Neath Castle|Neath]] and [[Kidwelly Castle|Kidwelly]]. He completed the campaign by recapturing [[Cardigan Castle]].{{sfn|Lloyd|1911|pp=673–675}} King Henry retaliated by launching an invasion and built a new castle at [[Painscastle Castle|Painscastle]], but was unable to penetrate far into Wales.{{sfn|Lloyd|1911|pp=675–676}}

Negotiations continued into 1232 when Hubert was removed from office and later imprisoned. Much of his power passed to [[Peter de Rivaux]], including control of several castles in south Wales. William Marshal had died in 1231, and his brother [[Richard Marshal, 3rd Earl of Pembroke|Richard]] had succeeded him as Earl of Pembroke. In 1233, hostilities broke out between Richard Marshal and Peter de Rivaux, who was supported by the king. Llywelyn made an alliance with Richard, and in January 1234 the earl and Llywelyn seized [[Shrewsbury]].<ref name=DWB/> Richard was killed in Ireland in April, but the king agreed to make peace with the insurgents.{{sfn|Powicke|1962|pp=51–55}} The Peace of Middle, agreed on 21 June, established a truce of two years with Llywelyn, who was allowed to retain Cardigan and [[Builth Castle|Builth]].<ref name=DWB/> This truce was renewed year by year for the remainder of Llywelyn's reign.{{sfn|Lloyd|1911|p=681}}