Editing Lincoln, England (section)

===20th and 21st centuries===
[[File:Westgate Water Tower.jpg|alt=Brick built tower with wooden door at base|thumb|upright|Westgate water tower]]
Lincoln was hit by [[typhoid]] in November 1904 – August 1905 caused by polluted drinking water from Hartsholme Lake and the [[River Witham]]. Over 1,000 people contracted the disease and fatalities totalled 113,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/100-year-old-promise-kept-following-typhoid/story-13417550-detail/story.html#axzz2LdhgysLd |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130421125220/http://www.thisislincolnshire.co.uk/100-year-old-promise-kept-following-typhoid/story-13417550-detail/story.html%23axzz2LdhgysLd |archive-date=21 April 2013 |url-status=dead |title=100-year-old promise kept following typhoid epidemic in Lincoln |access-date=20 March 2018}}</ref> including the man responsible for the city's water supply, Liam Kirk of Baker Crescent. Near the beginning of the epidemic, Dr Alexander Cruickshank Houston installed a chlorine [[disinfection]] system just ahead of the poorly operating, slow sand filter, to kill the fatal bacteria.<ref>R. J. Reece, 1907, "Report on the Epidemic of Enteric Fever in the City of Lincoln, 1904–05". In ''Thirty-Fifth Annual Report of the Local Government Board, 1905–06: Supplement Containing the Report of the Medical Officer for 1905–06. London:Local Government Board,'' 116.</ref> [[Water chlorination|Chlorination]] of the water continued until 1911, when a new supply was implemented.<ref>Houston, Alexander C. (1921). "B. Welchii, Gastro-Enteritis and Water Supply." ''Engineering News-Record.'' 87:12, 484.</ref> Lincoln's chlorination episode was an early use of chlorine to disinfect a water supply.<ref>Moses N. Baker (1981), ''The Quest for Pure Water: the History of Water Purification from the Earliest Records to the Twentieth Century.'' 2nd ed., Vol. 1., Denver: American Water Works Association, p. 336.</ref> [[Westgate Water Tower]] was built to provide new supplies.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.visitlincoln.com/things-to-do/westgate-water-tower |title=west gate water tower |website=visitlincoln.com |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115023308/https://www.visitlincoln.com/things-to-do/westgate-water-tower |archive-date=15 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In the two [[world war]]s, Lincoln switched to war production. The first ever [[tank]]s were invented, designed and built in Lincoln by [[William Foster & Co.]] in the [[First World War]] and population growth provided more workers for greater expansion. The tanks were tested on land now covered by Tritton Road in the south-west suburbs. In the [[Second World War]], Lincoln produced an array of war goods: tanks, aircraft, [[munitions]] and military vehicles.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/history-heritage/aviation/ |title=aviation history |website=visitlincoln.com |access-date=14 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190115025027/https://www.visitlincoln.com/about-lincoln/history-heritage/aviation/ |archive-date=15 January 2019 |url-status=live}}</ref>

In World War II 26 high explosive bombs were dropped on the city, with around 500 incendiary bombs, over five occasions, with eight people killed. 50 houses were destroyed, with the worst night being 9 May 1941.<ref>''Lincolnshire Echo'' Monday 23 October 1944, page 3</ref> Also much damage occurred in the Dixon Street area on Friday 15 January 1943.<ref>''Lincolnshire Echo'' Tuesday 5 December 1944, page 3</ref> Two parachute mines landed in fields on South Common on the night of 19 November 1940, which exploded and broke many windows in the town, but with no more damage.<ref>''Lincolnshire Echo'' Monday 10 December 1945, page 3</ref> On 8 May 1941, nine high explosive bombs were dropped on around Westwick Gardens in Boultham Park, east of the former [[The Priory Witham Academy|Ancaster High School]], killing three people.<ref>''Lincolnshire Echo'' Saturday 21 August 1999, page 12</ref>

A Spitfire and Hurricane, from [[RAF Digby]], collided over Lincoln. One pilot landed on allotments near Kingsway, and another landed near Branston Road. The Spitfire crashed on a house in Drake Street, and the Hurricane did a full circuit of the north of Lincoln, with no pilot aboard, and descended over the top of St Mary le Wigford church, to crash into a row of houses and shops, killing three people, and injuring nine.<ref>''Lincolnshire Echo'' Saturday 5 August 1961, page 4</ref><ref>''Lincolnshire Echo'' Tuesday 24 November 1987, page 6</ref>

[[Ruston & Hornsby]] produced [[diesel engine]]s for ships and [[locomotive]]s, then by teaming up with former colleagues of [[Frank Whittle]] and [[Power Jets]] Ltd, in the early 1950s, R & H (which became RGT) opened the first production line for [[gas turbine]] engines for land-based and sea-based energy production. Its success made it the city's largest single employer, providing over 5,000 jobs in its factory and research facilities, making it a rich takeover target for industrial conglomerates. It was subsumed by [[English Electric]] in November 1966, which was then bought by [[General Electric Company|GEC]] in 1968, with diesel engine production being transferred to the Ruston Diesels Division in [[Newton-le-Willows]], Lancashire, at the former [[Vulcan Foundry]].

Pelham Works merged with [[Alstom]] of France in the late 1980s and was then bought in 2003 by [[Siemens]] of Germany as [[Siemens Power Generation|Siemens Industrial Turbomachinery]]. This includes what is left of [[Napier Turbochargers]]. Plans came early in 2008 for a new plant outside the city at [[Teal Park, Lincolnshire|Teal Park]], [[North Hykeham]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.siemens.co.uk/en/news_press/index/news_archive/february_5_2008.htm |title=Siemens identifies Lincolnshire site for relocation plans |website=siemens.co.uk |access-date=20 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303221720/http://www.siemens.co.uk/en/news_press/index/news_archive/february_5_2008.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=live}}</ref> Still, Siemens made large redundancies and moved jobs to Sweden and the Netherlands. The factory now employs 1300. R & H's former [[Beevor Foundry]] is now owned by [[Hoval Group]], making industrial boilers ([[Woodchips|wood chip]]). The Aerospace Manufacturing Facility (AMF) in Firth Road passed from Alstom Aerospace Ltd to [[Industria de Turbo Propulsores|ITP Engines]] UK in January 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itpaero.com/en/|title=Home|website=www.itpaero.com|access-date=6 March 2023|archive-date=6 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306224553/https://www.itpaero.com/en/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://exchange.esa.int/thermal-workshop/attachments/workshop2009/appendix/ESATAN-Talk.pdf |title=ESATAN Thermal Modelling Suite Development Status 2009 |first=Henri |last=Brouquet |date=October 2009 |access-date=7 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140531123814/https://exchange.esa.int/thermal-workshop/attachments/workshop2009/appendix/ESATAN-Talk.pdf |archive-date=31 May 2014 |url-status=live}}</ref>

Lincoln's second largest private employer is James Dawson and Son, a belting and hose maker founded in the late 19th century. Its two sites are in Tritton Road. The main one, next to the University of Lincoln, used Lincoln's last coal-fired boiler until it was replaced by gas in July 2018.

New suburbs appeared after 1945, but heavy industry declined towards the end of the 20th century. Much development, notably around the Brayford area, has followed the construction of the University of Lincoln's Brayford Campus, which opened in 1996.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/abouttheuniversity/ourhistory/ |title=Our History – About the University – University of Lincoln |website=lincoln.ac.uk |access-date=3 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181218174954/http://www.lincoln.ac.uk/home/abouttheuniversity/ourhistory/ |archive-date=18 December 2018 |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2012, Bishop Grosseteste teaching college was also awarded university status.