Editing Lima (section)

===Founding===
[[File:Old Coat of arms of Lima.svg|thumb|upright|The colonial [[Coat of arms of Lima|Lima's coat of arms]] official since 7 December 1537<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=r0_po3dEBqwC&q=escudo+de+lima|title=Colección de documentos literarios del Peru: Lima fundada|author=Pedro de Peralta Barnuevo Rocha y Benavides|year=1863|publisher=Establecimiento de tipografía y encuadernación de A. Alfaro}}</ref>]]

In 1532, the Spanish and their indigenous allies (from the ethnic groups subdued by the Incas) under the command of [[Francisco Pizarro]] took monarch [[Atahualpa]] prisoner in the city of [[Cajamarca]]. Although a ransom was paid, he was sentenced to death for political and strategic reasons. After some battles, the Spanish [[Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire|conquered their empire]]. The [[Spanish Empire|Spanish Crown]] named Francisco Pizarro governor of the lands he had conquered. Pizarro decided to found the capital in the Rímac river valley,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://sisbib.unmsm.edu.pe/Exposiciones/FundLima/fundacion/fundacion_Lima.htm|title=Historia de la Fundación de Lima|publisher=[[National University of San Marcos]]}}</ref> after a failed attempt to establish it in [[Jauja]].

He considered that Lima was strategically located, close to a favorable coast for the construction of a [[Callao|port]] but prudently far from it in order to prevent attacks by [[Piracy|pirates]] and foreign powers, on fertile lands and with a suitable cool climate. Thus, on 6 January 1535, Lima was founded with the name "City of the Kings", named in this way in honor of the [[Epiphany (holiday)|epiphany]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Squier |first=E. George |author-link=Ephraim George Squier |date=1878 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MmrhAybM6lMC&pg=PA34|title=Peru: Incidents of Travel and Exploration in the Land of the Incas|edition=2nd |publication-place=London |publisher=[[Macmillan Inc.]]|page=34}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.brown.edu/Facilities/John_Carter_Brown_Library/exhibitions/peru/peru/lima.php|title=Lima, City of Kings|website=brown.edu}}</ref> on territories that had been of the [[kuraka]] [[Taulichusco]]. The explanation of this name is due to the fact that "around the same time in January, the Spaniards were looking for the place to lay the foundation for the new city, [...] not far from the [[Pachacámac]] sanctuary, near the [[Rímac River|Rímac river]].

However, as had happened with the region, initially called [[Governorate of New Castile|New Castile]] and later [[Peru]], the City of the Kings soon lost its name in favor of "Lima". Pizarro, with the collaboration of [[Nicolás de Ribera]], Diego de Agüero and Francisco Quintero personally traced the [[Plaza Mayor, Lima|Plaza Mayor]] and the rest of the city grid, building the Viceroyalty Palace (today transformed into the [[Government Palace, Peru|Government Palace of Peru]], which hence retains the traditional name of ''Casa de Pizarro'') and the [[Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima|Cathedral]], whose first stone Pizarro laid with his own hands.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Q-9m2UTFCGkC&dq=Settlements%20in%20the%20Americas%3A%20Cross-Cultural%20Perspectives&pg=PP1|title=Settlements in the Americas: Cross-cultural Perspectives|author=Ralph Francis Bennett - Center for Renaissance and Baroque Studies|year=1986|publisher=[[University of Delaware Press]]|isbn=0-87413-411-0|page=35}}</ref> In August 1536, the flourishing city was besieged by the troops of the Inca general Quizu Yupanqui under orders from the monarch [[Manco Inca Yupanqui]] who was in Cusco, but the Spanish and their indigenous allies managed to defeat them. The [[Huaylas Province|Huaylas]] (Wayllas) army's assistance was of special importance to the Spanish. The army arrived personally led by Contarhuancho<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rostworowski |first=María |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xDtFDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22 |title=Doña Francisca Pizarro: Una ilustre mestiza 1534-1598 |date=2017-12-28 |publisher=Instituto de Estudios Peruanos |isbn=978-9972-51-667-2 |language=en}}</ref> (Kuntur-Wanchu), a secondary wife of the deceased Emperor [[Wayna Qhapaq]] and now a respected kuraka of half the province of Huaylas, the Hanan Huaylas or Upper Huaylas moiety. Contarhuancho came to Lima after receiving a plea for help in a quipu message from her daughter, the Huaylas-Inca princess Doña [[Inés Huaylas Yupanqui]].

In the following years, Lima gained prestige by being designated the capital of the [[Viceroyalty of Peru]] and the seat of a ''[[Real Audiencia]]'' in 1543. Since the location of the coastal city was conditioned by the ease of communications with [[Spain]], a close bond with the port of [[Callao]] was soon established.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://www.juntadeandalucia.es/export/drupaljda/publicacion/21/05/60acb153b9883-guia_lima_y_callao.pdf|location=Lima, Seville|title=Lima and El Callao - An Architectural and Landscape Guide|isbn=978-84-7595-215-4|year=2009|last1=Tolla|first1=Enrique Bonilla di |publisher=Universidad Ricardo Palma}}</ref>