Editing Leonardo Torres Quevedo (section)

===Laboratory of Automation===

As a member of the steering  committee of the {{Interlanguage link|Junta para Ampliación de Estudios|es|Junta_para_Ampliación_de_Estudios_e_Investigaciones_Científicas}} (JAE) established in 1907 in Madrid to promote research and scientific education in Spain,<ref>{{cite journal|date=15 January 1907|location=Madrid|number=15|pages=165–167|periodical=Gaceta de Madrid|ref=BOE-A-1907-420|title=Real decreto creando una Junta para ampliación de estudios é investigaciones científicas.|url=https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1907/015/A00165-00167.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> Torres played a leading role in the creation of three key state agencies that were the models for the JAE's support to research, regardless of the discipline: the Laboratory of Automation (1907) – of which he was named director,<ref>{{cite journal|access-date=3 January 2018|date=5 March 1907|language=es|number=64|pages=862–863|periodical=BOE|ref=BOE-A-1907-1852|title=Real orden ampliando las funciones y destinos del Laboratorio anejo al Centro de Ensayos de Aeronáutica.|url=http://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1907/064/A00862-00863.pdf}}<!-- auto-translated by Module:CS1 translator --></ref> the construction of instruments –  the Laboratories Association (1910) – the union of state laboratories and workshops – and the Institute of Science Materials (1911)  – the budget allocation.

The Laboratory of Automation produced the most varied instruments; it not only built its own inventions, but also provided services and support to universities and researchers of the JAE. Torres, the physicist [[Blas Cabrera]], and Juan Costa, the head of the workshop, jointly designed several scientific instruments (Weiss-type electromagnet, an [[X-ray]] [[spectrometer]], a mechanism to handle through remote control a Bunge scale, a reservoir of variable height with [[Micrometer (device)|micrometer]] movements for magnetic-chemical measurements, and some on). {{Interlanguage link|Ángel del Campo|es|Ángel_del_Campo_y_Cerdán}}, head of the [[Spectroscopy]] Section of the Laboratory of Physical Research and [[Miguel A. Catalán]]’s teacher, ordered Torres's workshop a [[Chromatography|spectrographic]] equipment; {{Interlanguage link|Manuel Martínez Risco|es|Manuel_Martínez_Risco}} requested an [[Interferometry|interferometer]] for a variable distance, Michelson- type; [[Juan Negrín]] requested a [[Stalagmometric method|stalagmometer]], and [[Santiago Ramón y Cajal]] commissioned a [[microtome]] and panmicrotome, and a projector for film screenings.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.residencia.csic.es/jae/en/protagonistas/50.htm| title=protagonistas – centenario de la creación de la junta para ampliación de estudios e investigaciones científicas (1907–1939)}}</ref><ref>José Manuel Sánchez Ron, Antonio Lafuente.''[https://books.google.com/books?id=DHetMwAACAAJ El laboratorio de España: la junta para la ampliación de estudios e investigaciones científicas (1907–1939)],''Sociedad Estatal de Conmemoraciones Culturales, 2007. ISBN 84-95078-58-9</ref>

The development of the Laboratory of Automation reached its peak with the reform of the {{Interlanguage link|Palace of the Arts and Industry|es|Palacio_de_las_Artes_y_la_Industria}}, to house the School of Industrial Engineers and the JAE, and the [[Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales|National Museum of Natural Sciences]], also expanding the own Laboratory.<ref name="-.bio-.-itefi.-."/> In 1939 the Laboratory of Automation gave rise to the Torres Quevedo Institute of the [[Spanish National Research Council]] (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, '''CSIC''').<ref>{{cite web | url=https://museovirtual.csic.es/coleccion/torres/torres1.htm | title=Antecedentes del Instituto Torres Quevedo: El laboratorio de automática|publisher=CSIC Museo Virtual de la Ciencia |access-date=31 July 2024}}</ref>