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=== Social media === Social media is often used as a platform for the LGBTQ community to congregate and share resources. Search engines and social networking sites provide numerous opportunities for LGBTQ people to connect with one another; additionally, they play a key role in identity creation and self-presentation.<ref name=MediaInfluence>{{Cite journal|last1=Craig |first1=Shelley L. |last2=McInroy |first2=Lauren |date=2014-01-01|title=You Can Form a Part of Yourself Online: The Influence of New Media on Identity Development and Coming Out for LGBTQ Youth|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2013.777007|journal=Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health|volume=18|issue=1|pages=95β109|doi=10.1080/19359705.2013.777007|s2cid=216141171 |issn=1935-9705|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200708/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19359705.2013.777007|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name=":12">{{Cite journal|last=Kitzie|first=Vanessa|date=2019|title="That looks like me or something i can do": Affordances and constraints in the online identity work of US LGBTQ+ millennials|journal=Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology|language=en|volume=70|issue=12|pages=1340β1351|doi=10.1002/asi.24217|issn=2330-1643|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite journal|last1=DeVito|first1=Michael A.|last2=Walker|first2=Ashley Marie|last3=Birnholtz|first3=Jeremy|date=2018-11-01|title='Too Gay for Facebook': Presenting LGBTQ+ Identity Throughout the Personal Social Media Ecosystem|journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction|volume=2|issue=CSCW|pages=44:1β44:23|doi=10.1145/3274313|s2cid=53237950|doi-access=free}}</ref> Social networking sites allow for community building as well as anonymity, allowing people to engage as much or as little as they would like.<ref name=":4">{{Cite journal|last1=Fox|first1=Jesse|last2=Warber|first2=Katie M.|date=2014-12-22|title=Queer Identity Management and Political Self-Expression on Social Networking Sites: A Co-Cultural Approach to the Spiral of Silence|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcom.12137|journal=Journal of Communication|volume=65|issue=1|pages=79β100|doi=10.1111/jcom.12137|issn=0021-9916|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200714/https://academic.oup.com/joc/article-abstract/65/1/79/4082329?redirectedFrom=fulltext|url-status=live}}</ref> The variety of social media platforms, including [[Facebook]], [[TikTok]], [[Tumblr]], [[Twitter]], and [[YouTube]], have differing associated audiences, affordances and norms.<ref name=":2" /> These varying platforms allow for more inclusivity as members of the LGBTQ community have the agency to decide where to engage and how to self-present themselves.<ref name=":2" /> The existence of the LGBTQ community and discourse on social media platforms is essential to disrupt the reproduction of hegemonic cis-heteronormativity and represent the wide variety of identities that exist.<ref name=":4" /> Before its ban on adult content in 2018, [[Tumblr]] was a platform uniquely suited for sharing trans stories and building community.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Haimson|first1=Oliver L.|last2=Dame-Griff|first2=Avery|last3=Capello|first3=Elias|last4=Richter|first4=Zahari|date=2019-10-18|title=Tumblr was a trans technology: the meaning, importance, history, and future of trans technologies|journal=Feminist Media Studies|volume=21|issue=3|pages=345β361|doi=10.1080/14680777.2019.1678505|issn=1468-0777|doi-access=free|hdl=2027.42/153782|hdl-access=free}}</ref> Mainstream social media platforms like [[TikTok]] have also been beneficial for the trans community by creating spaces for folks to share resources and transition stories, normalizing trans identity.<ref name=":32">{{Cite journal|last1=Simpson|first1=Ellen|last2=Semaan|first2=Bryan|date=2021-01-05|title=For You, or For"You"?|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3432951|journal=Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction|volume=4|issue=CSCW3|pages=1β34|doi=10.1145/3432951|s2cid=230717408|issn=2573-0142|access-date=2021-02-03|archive-date=2022-03-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220309200714/https://dl.acm.org/doi/10.1145/3432951|url-status=live}}</ref> It has been found that access to LGBTQ content, peers, and community on search engines and social networking sites has allowed for identity acceptance and pride within LGBTQ community.<ref name=MediaInfluence/> Algorithms and evaluative criteria control what content is recommended to users on search engines and social networking site.<ref name=":12"/> These can reproduce stigmatizing discourses that are dominant within society, and result in negatively impacting LGBTQ self-perception.<ref name=":12" /> Social media algorithms have a significant impact on the formation of the LGBTQ community and culture.<ref name=":4" /> [[Algorithmic bias|Algorithmic exclusion]] occurs when exclusionary practices are reinforced by algorithms across technological landscapes, directly resulting in excluding marginalized identities.<ref name=":32"/> The exclusion of these identity representations causes identity insecurity for LGBTQ people, while further perpetuating cis-heteronormative identity discourse.<ref name=":32" /> LGBTQ users and allies have found methods of subverting algorithms that may suppress content in order to continue to build these online communities.<ref name=":32" />
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