Editing Kyoto (section)

==Geography==
===Terrain===
Kyoto is located in a valley, part of the Yamashiro (or Kyoto) Basin, in the eastern part of the mountainous region known as the Tamba highlands. The Yamashiro Basin is surrounded on three sides by mountains known as Higashiyama, Kitayama and Nishiyama (literally "east mountain", "north mountain" and "west mountain" respectively), with a maximum height of approximately {{convert|1000|m|0|sp=us}} [[above mean sea level|above sea level]]. This interior positioning results in hot summers and cold winters. There are three rivers in the basin, the [[Uji River]] to the south, the [[Katsura River]] to the west, and the [[Kamo River]] to the east. Kyoto City takes up 17.9% of the land in Kyoto Prefecture and has a total area of {{convert|827.9|km²|1|abbr=out|sp=us}}.

Kyoto sits atop a large natural water table that provides the city with ample freshwater wells. Due to large-scale urbanization, the amount of rain draining into the table is dwindling and wells across the area are drying at an increasing rate.

===Climate===
Kyoto has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa''), featuring a marked seasonal variation in temperature and precipitation. Summers are hot and humid, but winters are relatively cold with occasional snowfall. Kyoto's [[East Asian rainy season|rainy season]] begins around the middle of June and lasts until the end of July, yielding to a hot and sunny latter half of the summer. Kyoto, like most of the Pacific coast and central areas of Japan, is prone to typhoons during the summer and autumn.
{{Weather box
|single line = Y
|metric first = Y
|location = Kyoto (1991−2020 normals, extremes 1880−present)
|Jan record high C = 19.9
|Feb record high C = 22.9
|Mar record high C = 25.7
|Apr record high C = 30.7
|May record high C = 34.9
|Jun record high C = 36.8
|Jul record high C = 39.8
|Aug record high C = 39.8
|Sep record high C = 38.1
|Oct record high C = 33.6
|Nov record high C = 26.9
|Dec record high C = 22.8
|Jan record low C = -11.9
|Feb record low C = -11.6
|Mar record low C = -8.2
|Apr record low C = -4.4
|May record low C = -0.3
|Jun record low C = 4.9
|Jul record low C = 10.6
|Aug record low C = 11.8
|Sep record low C = 7.8
|Oct record low C = 0.2
|Nov record low C = -4.4
|Dec record low C = -9.4
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 53.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 65.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 106.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 117.0
|May precipitation mm = 151.4
|Jun precipitation mm = 199.7
|Jul precipitation mm = 223.6
|Aug precipitation mm = 153.8
|Sep precipitation mm = 178.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 143.2
|Nov precipitation mm = 73.9
|Dec precipitation mm = 57.3
|year precipitation mm = 1522.9
|Jan mean C = 4.8
|Feb mean C = 5.4
|Mar mean C = 8.8
|Apr mean C = 14.4
|May mean C = 19.5
|Jun mean C = 23.3
|Jul mean C = 27.3
|Aug mean C = 28.5
|Sep mean C = 24.4
|Oct mean C = 18.4
|Nov mean C = 12.5
|Dec mean C = 7.2
|year mean C = 16.2
|Jan high C = 9.1
|Feb high C = 10.0
|Mar high C = 14.1
|Apr high C = 20.1
|May high C = 25.1
|Jun high C = 28.1
|Jul high C = 32.0
|Aug high C = 33.7
|Sep high C = 29.2
|Oct high C = 23.4
|Nov high C = 17.3
|Dec high C = 11.6
|year high C = 21.1
|Jan low C = 1.5
|Feb low C = 1.6
|Mar low C = 4.3
|Apr low C = 9.2
|May low C = 14.5
|Jun low C = 19.2
|Jul low C = 23.6
|Aug low C = 24.7
|Sep low C = 20.7
|Oct low C = 14.4
|Nov low C = 8.4
|Dec low C = 3.5
|year low C = 12.1
|Jan humidity = 67
|Feb humidity = 65
|Mar humidity = 61
|Apr humidity = 59
|May humidity = 60
|Jun humidity = 66
|Jul humidity = 69
|Aug humidity = 66
|Sep humidity = 67
|Oct humidity = 68
|Nov humidity = 68
|Dec humidity = 68
|year humidity = 65
|Jan sun = 123.5
|Feb sun = 122.2
|Mar sun = 155.4
|Apr sun = 177.3
|May sun = 182.4
|Jun sun = 133.1
|Jul sun = 142.7
|Aug sun = 182.7
|Sep sun = 142.7
|Oct sun = 156.0
|Nov sun = 140.7
|Dec sun = 134.4
|year sun = 1793.1
|Jan snow cm = 5
|Feb snow cm = 7
|Mar snow cm = 1
|Apr snow cm = 0
|May snow cm = 0
|Jun snow cm = 0
|Jul snow cm = 0
|Aug snow cm = 0
|Sep snow cm = 0
|Oct snow cm = 0
|Nov snow cm = 0
|Dec snow cm = 2
|year snow cm = 15
|unit precipitation days = 0.5 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 8.1
|Feb precipitation days = 8.9
|Mar precipitation days = 11.2
|Apr precipitation days = 10.6
|May precipitation days = 10.8
|Jun precipitation days = 13.2
|Jul precipitation days = 12.6
|Aug precipitation days = 9.3
|Sep precipitation days = 11.1
|Oct precipitation days = 9.4
|Nov precipitation days = 7.4
|Dec precipitation days = 8.2
|year precipitation days = 120.8
|source 1 = Japan Meteorological Agency<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php?prec_no=61&block_no=47759&year=&month=&day=&view= |script-title=ja:気象庁 / 平年値 (年・月ごとの値) |publisher=[[Japan Meteorological Agency]] |access-date=May 19, 2021 |archive-date=May 21, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210521155555/https://www.data.jma.go.jp/obd/stats/etrn/index.php?prec_no=61&block_no=47759&year=&month=&day=&view= |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}

===Administrative divisions===
In the 1870s, the city was divided into a northern ward (Kamigyō-ku) and a southern ward (Shimogyō-ku), each working as individual administrative divisions of Kyoto Prefecture. The modern municipality was created by the unification of these wards into the city of Kyoto in 1889.

Due to the creation of new administrative districts and a number of [[Municipal mergers and dissolutions in Japan|municipal mergers]] that took place between the 1920s and the 1970s, the contemporary city of Kyoto is divided into eleven {{Nihongo|[[Wards of Kyoto|wards]]|区|ku}}. The central wards, located to the west of the Kamo River, are small and densely populated. The city hall is located in [[Nakagyō-ku, Kyoto|Nakagyō-ku]], and the Kyoto prefectural offices are located in present-day [[Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto|Kamigyō-ku]].

{| width="810" class="wikitable" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto"
! colspan="7" |Wards of Kyoto
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Place name
!
!
!
!Map of Kyoto
|-
! style="width: 190px;" |[[Romanization of Japanese|Rōmaji]]
! style="width: 190px;" |[[Kanji]]
!Population<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www2.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/toukei/Population/Census/2020/#t1|script-title=ja:令和２（２０２０）年国勢調査|publisher=City of Kyoto|access-date=September 5, 2022|archive-date=September 5, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220905065621/https://www2.city.kyoto.lg.jp/sogo/toukei/Population/Census/2020/#t1|url-status=live}}</ref>
!Land area in km<sup>2</sup>
!Pop. density per km<sup>2</sup>
!
|-
|style="text-align: center;"  "width: 20px;" |1
|[[Kita-ku, Kyoto|Kita-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|北区}}
|117,165
|94.88
|1,230
|rowspan="11" |[[File:Kyoto city map.png|alt=|border|center|350x350px|Map of Kyoto's wards]]
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |2
|[[Kamigyō-ku, Kyoto|Kamigyō-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|上京区}}
|83,832
|7.03
|11,900
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |3
|[[Nakagyō-ku, Kyoto|Nakagyō-ku]] (administrative center)
|{{lang|ja|中京区}}
|110,488
|7.41
|14,900
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |4
|[[Shimogyō-ku, Kyoto|Shimogyō-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|下京区}}
|82,784
|6.78
|12,200
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |5
|[[Minami-ku, Kyoto|Minami-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|南区}}
|101,970
|15.81
|6,450
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |6
|[[Nishikyō-ku, Kyoto|Nishikyō-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|西京区}}
|149,837
|59.24
|2,530
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |7
|[[Ukyō-ku, Kyoto|Ukyō-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|右京区}}
|202,047
|292.07
|690
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |8
|[[Sakyō-ku, Kyoto|Sakyō-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|左京区}}
|166,039
|246.77
|670
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |9
|[[Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto|Higashiyama-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|東山区}}
|36,602
|7.48 
|4,890
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |10
|[[Yamashina-ku, Kyoto|Yamashina-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|山科区}}
|135,101
|28.70 
|4,710
|-
|style="text-align: center;" |11
|[[Fushimi-ku, Kyoto|Fushimi-ku]]
|{{lang|ja|伏見区}}
|277,858
|61.66
|4,510
|}

===Cityscape===
Kyoto contains roughly 2,000 temples and shrines.<ref name="fodors1996">Scott, David (1996). ''Exploring Japan''. Fodor's Travel Publications, Inc. {{ISBN|0-679-03011-5}}.</ref> The main business district is located to the south of the [[Kyoto Imperial Palace]]. In the center of the city, there are several [[Shōtengai|covered shopping arcades]] only open to pedestrian traffic, such as [[Teramachi Street]] and [[Shinkyōgoku Street]].

The original city was arranged in accordance with traditional [[China|Chinese]] [[feng shui]] following the model of the ancient Chinese capital of [[Chang'an]]/[[Luoyang]]. The [[Heian Palace|Imperial Palace]] faced south, resulting in Ukyō (the right sector of the capital) being on the west, while Sakyō (the left sector) is on the east. The streets in the modern-day wards of Kamigyō-ku, Nakagyō-ku, and [[Shimogyo-ku, Kyoto|Shimogyō-ku]] still follow a grid pattern. Areas outside of the city center do not follow the same grid pattern, though streets throughout Kyoto are referred to by name, a practice that is rare in most regions of Japan.
<gallery mode="packed" style="text-align: center;" heights="130" perrow="3" caption="Gallery">
File:Kyoto Skylines from Shōren-in03.jpg|View of Kyoto [[Central business district|CBD]] from [[Shōren-in]] (2020)
File:Skyline of Kyoto at Night.jpg|Kyoto night skyline from [[Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto|Higashiyama]] (2021)
File:Kyoto Kyoto Station 2.jpg|[[Kyoto Station]] (2018)
File:150124 Gion Kyoto Japan01s3.jpg|Gion (2015)
File:Narrow streets of historical part of Kyoto decorated with all kinds of traditional japanese lanterns at a rainy city night.jpg|Ponto-chō (2010)
File:Bottom of the incline, Lake Biwa Canal museum (3477789694).jpg|Okazaki park（2009）
</gallery>

===Demographics===
{{Historical populations
| 1873 | 238,663
| 1889 | 279,165
| 1900 | 371,600
| 1910 | 470,033
| 1920 | 736,462
| 1925 | 860,878
| 1930 | 987,777
| 1935 | 1,117,439
| 1940 | 1,127,870
| 1945 | 1,041,700
| 1950 | 1,130,185
| 1955 | 1,229,808
| 1960 | 1,295,012
| 1965 | 1,374,159
| 1970 | 1,427,376
| 1975 | 1,468,833
| 1980 | 1,473,065
| 1985 | 1,486,402
| 1990 | 1,461,103
| 1995 | 1,470,902
| 2000 | 1,467,785
| 2005 | 1,474,811
| 2010 | 1,474,015
| 2015 | 1,475,183
| 2020 | 1,463,723
|source = <ref name = "historical population" />}}
Kyoto was the largest city in Japan until the late 16th century, when its population was surpassed by those of [[Osaka]] and [[Edo (Tokyo)|Edo]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Le Japon à l'exposition universelle de 1878. Géographie et histoire du Japon |author=Japanese Imperial Commission |date=1878 |language=fr |page=16}}</ref> Before World War II, Kyoto vied with [[Kobe]] and [[Nagoya]] to rank as the fourth- or fifth-largest city in Japan. Having avoided most wartime destruction, it was again the third-largest city in 1947. By 1960 it had fallen to fifth again, and by 1990 it had fallen to seventh. {{As of|January 2022}}, it was the ninth-largest city in Japan by population and had led the country in population decrease for two consecutive years.<ref>{{cite news|date=August 28, 2022|script-title=ja:京都市の人口減、2年連続全国最多 「9位転落」が迫る背景は？|url=https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/866385|work=[[Kyoto Shimbun]]|access-date=September 2, 2022|archive-date=September 1, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220901231909/https://www.kyoto-np.co.jp/articles/-/866385|url-status=live}}</ref> However, the population of the city rises during standard working hours, and Kyoto ranks seventh in Japan in terms of [[daytime population]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2020/kekka/pdf/outline_04.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2020/kekka/pdf/outline_04.pdf |archive-date=October 9, 2022 |url-status=live|script-title=ja:令和2年国勢調査 従業地・通学地による人口・就業状態等集計結果|publisher=[[Japan Statistics Bureau]]|access-date=August 23, 2022}}</ref>

Approximately 55% of the total population of [[Kyoto Prefecture]] is concentrated in the city of Kyoto, which is the highest ratio among the prefectures of Japan.