Editing Kubera (section)

=== Buddhism ===
{{see also|Jambhala|Vaiśravaṇa}}

Kubera is the Buddhist Vaiśravaṇa or Jambhala, and the Japanese Bishamon. The Buddhist Vaisravana, like the Hindu Kubera, is the regent of the North, a ''lokapala'' and the Lord of yakshas. He is one of the [[Four Heavenly Kings]], each associated with a cardinal direction.<ref>{{cite book|last=Chaudhuri|first=Saroj Kumar|title=Hindu gods and goddesses in Japan  |year=2003|publisher=Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd|isbn=81-7936-009-1|chapter=Chapter 2: Vaisravana, the Heavenly King}}</ref> In Buddhist legends, Kubera is also equated with [[Pañcika]], whose wife [[Hariti]] is the symbol of abundance.<ref>Sutherland pp. 63–4, 66</ref> The iconography of Kubera and Pancika is so similar that in certain cases, A. Getty comments, it is extremely difficult to distinguish between Pancika and Kubera.<ref name = "Thomas">{{cite book|last=Donaldson|first=Thomas E. |title=Iconography of the Buddhist Sculpture of Orissa|year=2001|publisher=Abhinav Publications|isbn=81-7017-406-6|pages=329–30|chapter=Jambhala/Pancika}}</ref> The Japanese Bishamon, also known as Tamon-Ten,<ref name=biswas184/> is one of the [[Twelve Devas|Jūni-Ten]] (十二天), a group of 12 Hindu deities adopted in Buddhism as guardian deities (''[[deva (Buddhism)|deva]]'' or ''ten'') who are found in or around Buddhist shrines. The Juni-Ten group of twelve deities were created by adding four deities to the older grouping of Happou-Ten, the eight guardians of the directions. Bishamon rules over the north, like his Hindu counterpart Kubera.<ref name=biswas184>S Biswas (2000), Art of Japan, Northern, {{ISBN|978-8172112691}}, page 184</ref><ref>[http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100031/000/000?mode=detail&d_lang=en Twelve Heavenly Deities (Devas)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201634/http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100031/000/000?mode=detail&d_lang=en |date=4 March 2016 }} Nara National Museum, Japan</ref><ref>[[Adrian Snodgrass]] (2007), The Symbolism of the Stupa, Motilal Banarsidass, {{ISBN|978-8120807815}}, pages 120–124, 298–300</ref>