Editing Kowtow (section)

== References ==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

=== Sources ===
{{refbegin}}
* Fairbank, John K., and Ssu-yu Teng. "On the Ch'ing tributary system." ''Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies'' 6.2 (1941): 135–246. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2718006 online]
* Frevert, Ute. "Kneeling and the Protocol of Humiliation." in by Benno Gammerl, Philipp Nielsen, and Margrit, eds. ''Encounters with Emotions: Negotiating Cultural Differences since Early Modernity'' (2019): pp.&nbsp;133–159 excerpt.
* Gao, Hao. "The "Inner Kowtow Controversy" During the Amherst Embassy to China, 1816–1817." ''Diplomacy & Statecraft'' 27.4 (2016): 595–614.
* Hevia, James L. "‘The ultimate gesture of deference and debasement’: kowtowing in China." ''Past and Present'' 203.suppl_4 (2009): 212–234.
* Pritchard, Earl H. "The kotow in the Macartney embassy to China in 1793." ''Journal of Asian Studies'' 2.2 (1943): 163–203. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2049496 online]
* {{cite book |last = Reinders |first = Eric |title = Buddhist and Christian Responses to the Kowtow Problem in China |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=GQuCBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA139 |year = 2015 |publisher = Bloomsbury Publishing |page = 139 |isbn = 9781474227292 }}
* Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question I," ''The American Historical Review,'' Vol. 2, No. 3 (Apr. 1897), pp.&nbsp;427–442. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1833980 online]
* Rockhill, William Woodville. "Diplomatic Missions to the Court of China: The Kotow Question II," ''The American Historical Review,'' Vol. 2, No. 4 (Jul. 1897), pp.&nbsp;627–643.  [https://www.jstor.org/stable/1833398 online]
{{refend}}