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==Life cycle== Kinetoplastids may be free-living or parasitic. The order trypanosomatida is notable as it includes many genera which are exclusively parasitic. Trypanosomatids may have simple life cycles in a single host or more complex ones which progress through multiple differentiation stages in two hosts. Dramatic morphological changes are possible between lifecycle stages. Diseases caused by members of the order trypanosomatida include [[African trypanosomiasis|sleeping sickness]] and [[Chagas disease]], caused by species of ''[[Trypanosoma]]'', and [[leishmaniasis]], caused by species of ''[[Leishmania]]''.<ref name="Scheckenbach 2006">{{cite journal|vauthors=Scheckenbach F, Wylezich C, Mylnikov AP, Weitere M, Arndt H|title=Molecular comparisons of freshwater and marine isolates of the same morphospecies of heterotrophic flagellates|journal=Appl Environ Microbiol|date=October 2006|volume=72|issue=10|pages=6638β6643|doi=10.1128/AEM.02547-05|pmid=17021215|pmc=1610283|bibcode=2006ApEnM..72.6638S }}</ref> ''[[Trypanosoma brucei]]'' can undergo [[meiosis]] as a likely part of a sexual cycle.<ref name="pmid21321215">{{cite journal |vauthors=Peacock L, Ferris V, Sharma R, Sunter J, Bailey M, Carrington M, Gibson W |title=Identification of the meiotic life cycle stage of Trypanosoma brucei in the tsetse fly |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=108 |issue=9 |pages=3671β6 |year=2011 |pmid=21321215 |pmc=3048101 |doi=10.1073/pnas.1019423108 |url=http://psasir.upm.edu.my/25359/1/Identification%20of%20the%20meiotic%20life%20cycle%20stage%20of%20Trypanosoma%20brucei%20in%20the%20tsetse%20fly.pdf|bibcode=2011PNAS..108.3671P |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name="pmid26027775">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibson W |title=Liaisons dangereuses: sexual recombination among pathogenic trypanosomes |journal=Res. Microbiol. |volume=166 |issue=6 |pages=459β66 |year=2015 |pmid=26027775 |doi=10.1016/j.resmic.2015.05.005 |url=https://research-information.bristol.ac.uk/en/publications/liaisons-dangereuses(1ecb5cba-da25-4e93-a3cb-b00a0477cb23).html|hdl=1983/1ecb5cba-da25-4e93-a3cb-b00a0477cb23 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> ''[[Leishmania major]]'' is also capable of a meiotic process that is likely part of a sexual cycle.<ref name="pmid19359589">{{cite journal |vauthors=Akopyants NS, Kimblin N, Secundino N, Patrick R, Peters N, Lawyer P, Dobson DE, Beverley SM, Sacks DL |title=Demonstration of genetic exchange during cyclical development of Leishmania in the sand fly vector |journal=Science |volume=324 |issue=5924 |pages=265β8 |year=2009 |pmid=19359589 |pmc=2729066 |doi=10.1126/science.1169464 |bibcode=2009Sci...324..265A }}</ref>
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