Editing Karnataka (section)

=== Religion ===
{{Main|Religion in Karnataka}}
{{pie chart
|caption=Religion in Karnataka (2011)<ref name="census2011">{{cite web |title=Population by religion community – 2011 |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=Census of India, 2011 |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825155850/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-01/DDW00C-01%20MDDS.XLS |archive-date=25 August 2015}}</ref>
|label1=[[Hinduism]]|color1=darkorange|value1=84.00
|label2=[[Islam]]|color2=green|value2=12.92
|label3=[[Christianity]]|color3=dodgerblue|value3=1.87
|label4=[[Jainism]]|color4=brown|value4=0.72
|label5=[[Buddhism]]|color5=gold|value5=0.16
|label6=[[Sikhism]]|color6=DarkKhaki|value6=0.05
|label7=Other|color7=pink|value7=0.02
|label8=Not religious|color8=black|value8=0.27
}}
[[File:Vishnu image inside cave number 3 in Badami.jpg|thumb|left|upright|[[Vishnu]] image inside the [[Badami cave temples|Badami Cave Temple Complex]] number 3. The complex is an example of [[Indian rock-cut architecture]].]]
[[File:Gomateswara.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Giant grey stone statue of nude man with vines climbing legs to his arms |[[Bahubali|Gomateswara]] (982–983) at [[Shravanabelagola]] is an important centre of [[Jain]] pilgrimage.]]

[[Adi Shankaracharya|Adi Shankara]] (788–820 CE) chose [[Sringeri]] in Karnataka to establish the first of his four ''[[matha]]s'' (monastery). [[Madhvacharya]] (1238–1317) was the chief proponent of [[Dvaita Vedanta|Tattvavada]] (philosophy of reality), popularly known as [[Dvaita]] or Dualistic school of Hindu philosophy&nbsp;– one of the three most influential [[Vedanta]] philosophies. Madhvacharya was one of the important philosophers during the [[Bhakti movement]]. He was a pioneer in many ways, going against standard conventions and norms. According to tradition, Madhvacharya is believed to be the third incarnation of [[Vayu]] (Mukhyaprana), after [[Hanuman]] and [[Bhima]]. The [[Haridasa]] devotional movement is considered one of the turning points in the cultural history of India. Over a span of nearly six centuries, several saints and mystics helped shape the culture, philosophy, and art of South India and Karnataka in particular by exerting considerable spiritual influence over the masses and kingdoms that ruled South India.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

This movement was ushered in by the Haridasas (literally "servants of Hari") and took shape in the 13th century – 14th century CE, period, prior to and during the early rule of the Vijayanagara empire. The main objective of this movement was to propagate the Dvaita philosophy of Madhvacharya (Madhva Siddhanta) to the masses through a literary medium known as [[Dasa Sahitya]]. [[Purandara Dasa|Purandara dasa]] is widely recognised as the ''"Pithamaha"'' of [[Carnatic Music]] for his immense contribution. [[Ramanujacharya|Ramanuja]], the leading expounder of ''[[Vishishtadvaita]]'', spent many years in [[Melkote]]. He came to Karnataka in 1098 CE and lived here until 1122 CE. He first lived in Tondanur and then moved to Melkote where the [[Cheluvanarayana Swamy Temple]] and a well-organised ''matha'' were built. He was patronised by the Hoysala king, [[Vishnuvardhana]].<ref name="Kamath">Kamath (2001), pp. 150–152</ref>

In the twelfth century, [[Lingayatism]] emerged in northern Karnataka as a protest against the rigidity of the prevailing social and caste system. Leading figures of this movement were [[Basava]], [[Akka Mahadevi]] and [[Allama Prabhu]], who established the [[Anubhava Mantapa]] which was the centre of all religious and philosophical thoughts and discussions pertaining to Lingayats. These three social reformers did so by the literary means of ''"Vachana Sahitya"'' which is very famous for its simple, straight forward and easily understandable Kannada language. Lingayatism preached women equality by letting women wear ''Ishtalinga'' i.e. Symbol of god around their neck. [[Basava]] shunned the sharp hierarchical divisions that existed and sought to remove all distinctions between the hierarchically superior master class and the subordinate, servile class. He also supported inter-caste marriages and Kaay Ta tTatva of Basavanna. This was the basis of the [[Lingayat]] faith which today counts millions among its followers.<ref name="basava">Kamath (2001), pp. 152–154.</ref>

The [[Jain]] philosophy and literature have contributed immensely to the religious and cultural landscape of Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

[[Islam]], which had an early presence on the west coast of India as early as the tenth century, gained a foothold in Karnataka with the rise of the Bahamani and Bijapur sultanates that ruled parts of Karnataka.<ref name="bam">Sastri (1955), p. 396.</ref> [[Christianity]] reached Karnataka in the sixteenth century with the arrival of the [[Portuguese people|Portuguese]] and [[St. Francis Xavier]] in 1545.<ref name="chris">Sastri (1955), p. 398.</ref>

[[Buddhism]] was popular in Karnataka during the first millennium in places such as [[Gulbarga]] and [[Banavasi]]. A chance discovery of edicts and several [[Maurya]]n relics at [[Sannati]] in [[Kalaburagi district]] in 1986 has proven that the [[Krishna River]] basin was once home to both [[Mahayana]] and [[Hinayana]] Buddhism. There are [[Refugees in India|Tibetan refugee]] camps in Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}

==== Festivals ====
[[Mysore Dasara]] is celebrated as the ''Nada habba'' (state festival) and this is marked by major festivities at Mysore. [[Bangalore Karaga|Bengaluru Karaga]], celebrated in the heart of Bengaluru, is the second most important festival celebrated in Karnataka.<ref name="nada-habba">{{cite news |title=Dasara fest panel meets Thursday |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/88517.cms |work=The Times of India, dated 2003-07-22 |publisher=Times Internet Limited. |access-date=17 July 2007 |date=22 July 2003 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071012174112/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/88517.cms |archive-date=12 October 2007}}</ref> ''[[Ugadi]]'' (Kannada New Year), [[Makara Sankranti]] (the harvest festival), [[Ganesh Chaturthi]], [[Gowri Habba]], [[Ram Navami]], [[Nagaradhane|Nagapanchami]], [[Basava Jayanthi]], [[Diwali|Deepavali]], and [[Balipadyami]] are the other major festivals of Karnataka.{{citation needed|date=January 2022}}