Editing Karachi (section)

===Climate===

{{Main|Climate of Karachi}}
[[File:Karachi beach panorama.jpg|thumb|upright=1.15|The [[Arabian Sea]] influences Karachi's climate, providing the city with more moderate temperatures compared to other areas of [[Sindh]] province.]]
Karachi has a tropical [[semi arid]] climate ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''BSh''), formerly a [[desert climate]], dominated by a long "Summer Season" while moderated by oceanic influence from the [[Arabian Sea]]. The city has annual average precipitation levels (approx. {{cvt|296|mm|0}} per annum), the bulk of which occurs during the late June–September [[monsoon]] season. Summers are hot and humid, and Karachi is prone to deadly heatwaves. Over the past 20 years, rainfall has become more abundant. Tropical storms and thunderstorms, as well as flooding are becoming more common, especially during the summer monsoon.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jul/22/where-world-hottest-city-kuwait-karachi-ahvaz |title=Where is the world's hottest city? |first=Hayley |last=Birch |date=22 July 2015 |newspaper=The Guardian |access-date=3 March 2016 |archive-date=9 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201209050452/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/jul/22/where-world-hottest-city-kuwait-karachi-ahvaz |url-status=live }}</ref> On the other hand, cool sea breezes typically provide relief during hot summer months. A text message-based early warning system alerts people to take precautionary measures and helps prevent fatalities during an unusually strong heatwave or thunderstorm.<ref name="heatwave">{{cite news |title=With Early Warning, Karachi Cools a Heat Wave Threat |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/early-warning-pakistan-heat-wave-threat/4115662.html |access-date=1 December 2017 |work=Voice of America |date=14 November 2017 |archive-date=1 December 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201182102/https://www.voanews.com/a/early-warning-pakistan-heat-wave-threat/4115662.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The winter climate is dry and lasts between December and February. It is dry and pleasant in winter relative to the warm hot season that follows, which starts in March and lasts until October. Proximity to the sea maintains humidity levels at near-constant levels year-round. Thus, the climate is similar to a humid tropical climate, except for the low precipitation and occasional temperatures well over 100 F (38 C) due to the influence of the Thar Desert nearby, close to the border with India.

The city's highest annual rainfall was about 750–850&nbsp;mm, recorded in the late 1970s. The city's highest monthly rainfall, {{cvt|19|in}}, occurred in July 1967.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/27/opinion/pakistan-climate-change.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homepage |title=Pakistan's Most Terrifying Adversary Is Climate Change |date=27 September 2020 |newspaper=The New York Times |first=Fatima |last=Bhutto |access-date=25 May 2021 |archive-date=8 August 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210808203852/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/27/opinion/pakistan-climate-change.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homepage |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="pakmet">{{cite web |url=http://www.pakmet.com.pk/cdpc/extrems/KARACHI.htm |title=Climate data&nbsp;– Karachi |publisher=Pakistan Meteorological Department, Government of Pakistan |access-date=24 August 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100422011000/http://www.pakmet.com.pk/cdpc/extrems/KARACHI.htm |archive-date=22 April 2010}}</ref> The city's highest rainfall in 24 hours occurred on 7{{nbsp}}August 1953, when about {{convert|278.1|mm|in}} of rain lashed the city, resulting in major flooding.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://beta.dawn.com/news/206412/rain-havoc-in-karachi |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101026221139/http://www.dawn.com/2006/08/18/top2.htm |url-status=dead |title=Rain havoc in Karachi |first=Dawn |last=Report |date=18 August 2006 |archive-date=26 October 2010 |website=DAWN.COM}}</ref>

Karachi's highest recorded temperature is {{cvt|48.0|C}} which was recorded on 22 and 23 April 2017,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pmd.gov.pk/cdpc/extrems/karachi.htm |title=Karachi Extremes |publisher=Pakistan Meteorological Department |location=Pakistan |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810055653/http://www.pmd.gov.pk/cdpc/extrems/KARACHI.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> and the lowest is {{convert|0|C|F}} recorded on 21 January 1934.<ref name=pakmet />
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location = Karachi (1991-2020)
|metric first = Y
|single line = Y
|Jan record high C = 32.8
|Feb record high C = 36.5
|Mar record high C = 42.5
|Apr record high C = 48.0
|May record high C = 47.8
|Jun record high C = 47.0
|Jul record high C = 42.2
|Aug record high C = 41.7
|Sep record high C = 42.8
|Oct record high C = 43.3
|Nov record high C = 38.5
|Dec record high C = 35.5
|Jan high C = 26.3
|Feb high C = 28.7
|Mar high C = 32.6
|Apr high C = 35.0
|May high C = 35.7
|Jun high C = 35.7
|Jul high C = 33.6
|Aug high C = 32.5
|Sep high C = 33.4
|Oct high C = 35.6
|Nov high C = 32.6
|Dec high C = 28.4
|Jan mean C = 18.9
|Feb mean C = 21.7
|Mar mean C = 25.9
|Apr mean C = 29.4
|May mean C = 31.4
|Jun mean C = 32.2
|Jul mean C = 30.8
|Aug mean C = 29.6
|Sep mean C = 29.7
|Oct mean C = 29.4
|Nov mean C = 25.2
|Dec mean C = 20.9
|Jan low C = 12.0
|Feb low C = 14.8
|Mar low C = 19.4
|Apr low C = 23.7
|May low C = 27.0
|Jun low C = 28.6
|Jul low C = 27.9
|Aug low C = 26.7
|Sep low C = 26.0
|Oct low C = 22.9
|Nov low C = 17.7
|Dec low C = 13.4
|Jan record low C = 0.0
|Feb record low C = 3.3
|Mar record low C = 7.0
|Apr record low C = 12.2
|May record low C = 17.7
|Jun record low C = 22.1
|Jul record low C = 22.2
|Aug record low C = 20.0
|Sep record low C = 18.0
|Oct record low C = 10.0
|Nov record low C = 6.1
|Dec record low C = 1.3
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 10.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 5.5
|Mar precipitation mm = 3.2
|Apr precipitation mm = 11.1
|May precipitation mm = 9.2
|Jun precipitation mm = 24.6
|Jul precipitation mm = 86.1
|Aug precipitation mm = 104.7
|Sep precipitation mm = 44.0
|Oct precipitation mm = 12.7
|Nov precipitation mm = 0.7
|Dec precipitation mm = 5.6
|unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm
|Jan precipitation days = 1.1
|Feb precipitation days = 0.8
|Mar precipitation days = 0.5
|Apr precipitation days = 0.1
|May precipitation days = 0.1
|Jun precipitation days = 1.7
|Jul precipitation days = 5.4
|Aug precipitation days = 6.1
|Sep precipitation days = 2.4
|Oct precipitation days = 0.4
|Nov precipitation days = 0.2
|Dec precipitation days = 0.6
|Jan humidity=49
|Feb humidity=52
|Mar humidity=56
|Apr humidity=60
|May humidity=65
|Jun humidity=68
|Jul humidity=74
|Aug humidity=75
|Sep humidity=70
|Oct humidity=57
|Nov humidity=51
|Dec humidity=49
|year humidity=
|Jan sun = 269.7
|Feb sun = 251.4
|Mar sun = 272.8
|Apr sun = 276.0
|May sun = 297.6
|Jun sun = 231.0
|Jul sun = 155.0
|Aug sun = 148.8
|Sep sun = 219.0
|Oct sun = 282.1
|Nov sun = 273.0
|Dec sun = 272.8
|Jand sun = 8.7
|Febd sun = 8.8
|Mard sun = 8.8
|Aprd sun = 9.2
|Mayd sun = 9.6
|Jund sun = 7.7
|Juld sun = 5.0
|Augd sun = 4.8
|Sepd sun = 7.3
|Octd sun = 9.1
|Novd sun = 9.1
|Decd sun = 8.8
|Jan percentsun = 81
|Feb percentsun = 79
|Mar percentsun = 73
|Apr percentsun = 72
|May percentsun = 72
|Jun percentsun = 56
|Jul percentsun = 37
|Aug percentsun = 37
|Sep percentsun = 59
|Oct percentsun = 78
|Nov percentsun = 83
|Dec percentsun = 83
|Jan uv=6
|Feb uv=8
|Mar uv=10
|Apr uv=12
|May uv=12
|Jun uv=12
|Jul uv=12
|Aug uv=12
|Sep uv=11
|Oct uv=9
|Nov uv=6
|Dec uv=5
|source 1 =NOAA (sun, 1961-1990),<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/2.2/data/0-data/Region-2-WMO-Normals-9120/Pakistan/CSV/Karachi_41780.csv |title=Karachi Climate Normals 1991–2020 |work=World Meteorological Organization Climatological Standard Normals (1991–2020) |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=17 September 2023}}</ref> [[Deutscher Wetterdienst]] (humidity, 1966-1990)<ref>
{{cite web
| url = http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_417800_kt.pdf
| title = Klimatafel von Karachi (Flughafen) / Pakistan
| publisher = Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure
| access-date = September 17, 2016}}</ref>
|source 2 =Weather Atlas,<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/pakistan/karachi-climate |title=Weather Atlas |publisher=Weather Atlas |access-date=4 April 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200228202014/https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/pakistan/karachi-climate |archive-date=28 February 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and Karachi Extremes (1931–2018)<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pmd.gov.pk/cdpc/extrems/karachi.htm |title=Krachi Extremes |publisher=Pakistan Meteorological Department |access-date=1 November 2020 |archive-date=10 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200810055653/http://www.pmd.gov.pk/cdpc/extrems/KARACHI.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=41780&ano=2022&mes=3&day=30&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30 |title=41780: Karachi Airport (Pakistan) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=29 March 2022 |website=ogimet.com |publisher=OGIMET |access-date=30 March 2022 |quote= |archive-date=4 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230204215409/https://www.ogimet.com/cgi-bin/gsynres?ind=41780&ano=2022&mes=3&day=30&hora=12&min=0&ndays=30 |url-status=live }}</ref>
}}