Editing Kalinago (section)

===Language===
{{Further |Kalinago language}}
Historically, scholars assumed that Island Carib men and women spoke different languages. To explain this phenomenon, scholars proposed that the Island Caribs may have killed the men and kept the women, allowing the Igneri language to survive among women.<ref>Rouse, Irving (1992). ''The Tainos''. Yale University Press. pp. 21–22. {{ISBN|0300051816}}. Retrieved June 17, 2014. <q>Island Carib.</q></ref> This assumption arose from the fact that by at least the early 17th century, Carib men spoke a Cariban-based [[pidgin]] language in addition to the usual Arawakan language used by both sexes. This was similar to pidgins used by mainland Caribs when communicating with their Arawak neighbors. Berend J. Hoff and Douglas Taylor hypothesized that it dated to the time of the Carib expansion through the islands, and that males maintained it to emphasize their origins on the mainland.<ref name="Rouse21222">{{cite book |last=Rouse |first=Irving |url=https://archive.org/details/tainosrisedeclin00rous |title=The Tainos |date=1992 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0300051816 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/tainosrisedeclin00rous/page/21 21]–22 |quote=Island Carib. |access-date=June 17, 2014 |url-access=registration}}</ref>

Linguistic analysis in the 20th century determined that the main [[Island Carib language]] was spoken by both sexes, and was [[Arawakan]], not [[Cariban]].  Scholars adopted more nuanced theories to explain the transition from the earlier Igneri to the later Island Carib societies in the Antilles. [[Irving Rouse]] proposed that a relatively small scale Carib force conquered but did not displace the Igneri, and the invaders eventually took on the Igneri language while still maintaining their identity as Caribs.<ref name="Rouse21222"/> Other scholars such as Sued Badillo doubt there was an invasion at all, proposing that the Igneri adopted the "Carib" identity over time due to their close economic and political relations with the rising mainland Carib polity.<ref name="Hill54">{{cite book |last1=Hill |first1=Jonathan David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qb4LoGZnf-8C&q=Lokono&pg=PA41 |title=Comparative Arawakan Histories: Rethinking Language Family and Culture Area in Amazonia |last2=Santos-Granero |first2=Fernando |date=2002 |publisher=University of Illinois Press |isbn=0252073843 |page=54 |access-date=June 17, 2014}}</ref> Both theories accept that the historical Island Carib language developed from the existing tongue of the islands, and thus it is also known as Igneri.<ref name="Rouse21">{{cite book |last=Rouse |first=Irving |url=https://archive.org/details/tainosrisedeclin00rous |title=The Tainos |date=1992 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=0300051816 |page=[https://archive.org/details/tainosrisedeclin00rous/page/21 21] |quote=Island Carib. |access-date=June 17, 2014 |url-access=registration}}</ref>