Editing Juilliard School (section)

==Academics==

===Admission===
Juilliard admits both degree program seekers and pre-college division students. The latter enter a conservatory program for younger students to develop their skills;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/preparatory-education/juilliard-pre-college|title=Juilliard Pre-College at the Juilliard School|website=www.juilliard.edu|language=en|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> All applicants who wish to enroll in the Music Advancement Program, for the Pre-College Division, must perform an audition in person before members of the faculty and administration and must be between ages 8 and 18.

The Juilliard admissions program comprises several distinct steps. Applicants must submit a complete application, school transcripts, and recommendations;<ref name=Juilliard-VoiceApplication>{{cite web | url = https://www.juilliard.edu/arm/music/college/voice/bachelor-music | title = Voice, Bachelor of Music: Application & Audition Requirements | publisher = The Juilliard School | date = n.d. | access-date = March 31, 2020}}</ref> some majors also require that applicants submit prescreening recordings of their work, which are evaluated as part of the application.<ref name=Juilliard-Audition>{{cite web | url = https://www.juilliard.edu/admissions/audition-dates | title = Audition Dates | publisher = The Juilliard School | date = November 25, 2019 | access-date = March 31, 2020}}</ref> A limited number of applicants are then invited to a live audition,<ref name=Juilliard-VoiceApplication /><ref name=Juilliard-Audition /> sometimes with additional callbacks.<ref name=Juilliard-VoiceApplication /> After auditions, the school invites select applicants to meet with a program administrator.

Admission to the Juilliard School is highly competitive, as it ranks among the most selective schools in the United States.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 100 – Lowest Acceptance Rates |url=https://www.usnews.com/best-colleges/rankings/lowest-acceptance-rate |website=U.S. News |access-date=April 18, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Kantrowitz |first1=Mark |title=Here's Why You Shouldn't Take College Rankings Lists At Face Value |url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/markkantrowitz/2022/04/22/college-rankings/?sh=51b28e43172c |website=Forbes |access-date=April 18, 2023 |date=April 22, 2022}}</ref> In 2007, the school received 2,138 applications for admission, of which 162 were admitted for a 7.6% acceptance rate.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.citytowninfo.com/school-profiles/the-juilliard-school |title=The Juilliard School, New York |publisher=Citytowninfo.com |access-date=May 9, 2010 |archive-date=August 29, 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100829204511/http://www.citytowninfo.com/school-profiles/the-juilliard-school |url-status=dead }}</ref> For the fall semester of 2009, the school had an 8.0% acceptance rate.<ref name="Overview: Juilliard School">{{cite news|url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/new-york-ny/juilliard-school-2742|title=Juilliard School|work=[[U.S. News & World Report]]|access-date=December 16, 2010|archive-date=January 5, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110105141101/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/new-york-ny/juilliard-school-2742|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 2011, the school accepted 5.5% of applicants.<ref name="Huffington Post">{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/30/college-admissions-rates-_n_842807.html#s260592&|title=College Admissions Rates Drop For The Class Of 2015 |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |access-date=April 23, 2011 |first=Leah |last=Finnegan |date=March 30, 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140327034920/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/30/college-admissions-rates-_n_842807.html|archive-date = March 27, 2014|url-status = live}}</ref> For Fall 2012, 2,657 undergraduate applicants were received by the college division and 7.2% were accepted. The 75th percentile accepted into Juilliard in 2012 had a [[Grading in education|GPA]] of 3.96 and an [[SAT]] score of 1350.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.parchment.com/c/college/college-1326-Juilliard-School.html|title=Juilliard school|publisher=Parchment.com|access-date=November 25, 2012|archive-date=September 19, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120919171808/http://www.parchment.com/c/college/college-1326-Juilliard-School.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A cross-registration program is available with [[Columbia University]] where Juilliard students who are accepted to the program are able to attend Columbia classes, and vice versa. The program is highly selective, admitting 10–12 students from Juilliard per year. Columbia students also have the option of pursuing an accelerated [[Master of Music]] degree at Juilliard and obtaining a bachelor's degree at [[Barnard College|Barnard]] or Columbia and an MM from Juilliard in five (or potentially six, for voice majors) years.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cross-Registration Programs {{!}} The Juilliard School|url=https://www.juilliard.edu/admissions/cross-registration-programs|access-date=July 5, 2021|website=www.juilliard.edu}}</ref>

===Academic programs===

The school offers courses in dance, drama, and music. All Bachelor's and master's degree programs require credits from [[Liberal arts education|Liberal Arts]] courses, which include [[seminar]] classes on writing, literature, history, culture, gender, philosophy, environment, and modern languages.<ref>{{cite web |title=Liberal Arts |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/academics/liberal-arts |website=Juilliard School, the |access-date=April 18, 2023}}</ref>

The Dance Division was established in 1951 by William Schuman with Martha Hill as its director. It offers a [[Bachelor of Fine Arts]] or a Diploma.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.juilliard.edu/degrees-programs/dance |title=Dance |publisher=The Juilliard School |access-date=September 7, 2016}}</ref> Areas of study include ballet and modern and contemporary dance, with courses ranging from dance technique and performance to dance studies. Since its inception, the dance program has had a strong emphasis not only on performance but also on choreography and collaboration.<ref>{{cite web |title=Dance Division |url=https://catalog.juilliard.edu/content.php?catoid=55&navoid=6292 |website=Juilliard |access-date=January 14, 2023}}</ref>

The Drama Division was established in 1968 by the actor [[John Houseman]] and [[Michel Saint-Denis]]. Its acting programs offer a Bachelor of Fine Arts, a Diploma and, beginning in Fall 2012, a [[Master of Fine Arts]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.juilliard.edu/degrees-programs/drama |title=Drama |publisher=The Juilliard School |access-date=September 7, 2016}}</ref> Until 2006, when James Houghton became director of the Drama Division, there was a "cut system" that would remove up to one-third of the second-year class. The [[Lila Acheson Wallace]] American Playwrights Program, begun in 1993, offers one-year, tuition-free, graduate fellowships; selected students may be offered a second-year extension and receive an Artist Diploma. The [[Andrew W. Mellon]] Artist Diploma Program for Theatre Directors was a two-year graduate fellowship that began in 1995 (expanded to three years in 1997); this was discontinued in the fall of 2006.

The Music Division is the largest of the school's divisions. Available degrees are [[Bachelor of Music]] or Diploma, [[Master of Music]] or [[Graduate diploma|Graduate Diploma]], Artist Diploma and [[Doctor of Musical Arts]]. [[Academic major]]s are [[Brass instrument|brass]], collaborative piano, composition, [[guitar]], [[harp]], historical performance, [[jazz]] studies, orchestral [[conducting]], [[Organ (music)|organ]], [[Percussion instrument|percussion]], [[piano]], [[String (music)|strings]], [[Vocal music|voice]], and [[Woodwind instrument|woodwinds]]. The largest music department is Juilliard's string department,<ref>{{cite web |title=Violin |quote=The largest music department is Juilliard's string department. |website=Juilliard |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/music/instruments/strings/violin|access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref> followed by the piano department.<ref>{{cite web |title=Piano |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/music/instruments/piano |website=Juilliard |access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref> The collaborative piano, historical performance, and orchestral conducting programs are solely at the graduate level; the [[opera]] studies and music performance subprograms only offer Artist Diplomas. The Juilliard Vocal Arts department now incorporates the former Juilliard Opera Center.

The school's non-degree diploma programs are for specialized training to advance a performer's professional career. These include undergraduate and graduate programs in dance, drama, and music. Musicians and performers can also complete Artist Diploma programs in jazz studies, performance, opera, playwriting, and [[string quartet]] studies.<ref>{{cite web |title=Diploma Programs Statistics & Disclosure |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/about/diploma-programs-statistics-disclosure |website=Juilliard |access-date=January 13, 2022}}</ref>

===Pre-College Division===
The Pre-College Division teaches students enrolled in elementary, [[junior high]], and high school. The Pre-College Division is conducted every Saturday from September to May in the Juilliard Building at Lincoln Center.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.juilliard.edu/youth-adult-programs/juilliard-pre-college |title=Juilliard Pre-College |publisher=The Juilliard School |access-date=September 7, 2016}}</ref>

All students study [[solfège]] and [[music theory]] in addition to their primary instrument. Vocal majors must also study diction and performance. Similarly, pianists must study piano performance. String, brass and woodwind players, as well as percussionists, also participate in orchestra. The pre-college has two orchestras, the Pre-College Symphony (PCS) and the Pre-College Orchestra (PCO). Placement is by age and students may elect to study conducting, chorus, and chamber music.

The Pre-College Division began as the Preparatory Centers (later the Preparatory Division), part of the Institute of Musical Art since 1916. The Pre-College Division was established in 1969 with Katherine McC. Ellis as its first director. Olegna Fuschi served as director from 1975 to 1988. The Fuschi/Mennin partnership allowed the Pre-College Division to thrive, affording its graduates training at the highest artistic level (with many of the same teachers as the college division), as well as their own commencement ceremony and diplomas. In addition to Fuschi, directors of Juilliard's Pre-College Division have included composer Dr. [[Andrew Thomas (composer)|Andrew Thomas]]. The current director of the Pre-College Division is Yoheved Kaplinsky.

===Center for Innovation in the Arts===
The Center for Innovation in the Arts (CIA), formerly called the Music Technology Center, at the Juilliard School was created in 1993 to provide students with the opportunity to use [[Digital electronics|digital technology]] in the creation and performance of new music. Since then, the program has expanded to include a wide offering of classes such as, Introduction to [[Music technology|Music Technology]], [[Music Production]], [[Film scoring]], Computers In Performance and an Independent Study In Composition.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/academics/center-innovation-arts/center-innovation-arts-courses|title=Center for Innovation in the Arts |publisher=The Juilliard School |access-date=September 7, 2016}}</ref>

In 2009, the Music Technology Center moved to a new, state of the art facility that includes a mix and record suite and a digital "playroom" for composing and rehearsing with technology. Together with the Willson Theater, the Center for Innovation in the Arts is the home of interdisciplinary and electro-acoustic projects and performances at the Juilliard School.

===Instruments===

The Juilliard School has about 275 pianos, of which 231 are Steinway grand pianos. It is one of the world's largest collections of [[Steinway & Sons|Steinway and Sons]] pianos in the space of concert halls and practice rooms.<ref>{{cite web |title=Maintaining The Juilliard School's Pianos |url=https://www.thirteen.org/programs/treasures-of-new-york/maintaining-juilliard-schools-pianos-lozkti/ |website=Thirteen |access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Juilliard's Ever-Popular Practice Rooms Continue a Steinway Grand Tradition |url=https://www.steinway.com/news/steinway-chronicle/winter-2019/juilliards-ever-popular-practice-rooms-a-steinway-grand-tradition |website=Steinway & Sons |access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref>

Pipe organs at Juilliard include those by [[Holtkamp Organ Company|Holtkamp]] (III/57, III/44, II/7), [[Schoenstein & Co.|Schoenstein]] (III/12), [[Flentrop]] (II/17), [[Noack Organ Company|Noack]] (II/3) and Kuhn (IV/85), which are located in various practice rooms and recital halls.<ref>{{cite web |title=Organs |url=http://nycago.org/Organs/NYC/html/JuilliardSchool.html |website=NYC Organs |access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Organ |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/music/instruments/organ |website=Juilliard |access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref>

The strings department allows students to borrow valuable historic stringed instruments for special concerts and competitions. There are more than 200 such stringed instruments, including several by [[Antonio Stradivari]] and [[Giuseppe Guarneri del Gesù]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Strings |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/music/instruments/strings |website=Juilliard |access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Robinson |first1=Lisa Brook |title=A Living Legacy: Historic Stringed Instruments at Juilliard |date=2006 |publisher=Amadeus Press |isbn=9781574671469 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CdbVK7i6nsYC |access-date=January 16, 2023}}</ref>

===Print and digital resources===

The Lila Acheson Wallace Library is the main library at Juilliard that holds study scores, performance and sound recordings, books, and videos. The school's archives include manuscript collections with digitized [[holographs]]. The library has over 87,000 musical scores and 25,000 sound recordings. The Peter Jay Sharp Special Collections features the [[Igor Stravinsky|Igor]] and [[Soulima Stravinsky]] Collection, the [[Gold and Fizdale|Arthur Gold and Robert Fizdale]] Collection, and the [[Eugène Ysaÿe]] Collection.<ref>{{cite web |title=Library and Archives |url=https://www.juilliard.edu/school/library-and-archives |website=Juilliard |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref><ref name=Gottlieb />

[[File:Grosse Fuge Manuscript.jpg|thumb|left|Manuscript of Beethoven's ''[[Grosse Fuge]]'' for piano four hands, part of the Juilliard Manuscript Collection]]

The school acquired the Juilliard Manuscript Collection in 2006, which includes autograph scores, sketches, composer-emended proofs and first editions of major works by [[Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart|Mozart]], [[Johann Sebastian Bach|Bach]], [[Ludwig van Beethoven|Beethoven]], [[Johannes Brahms|Brahms]], [[Robert Schumann|Schumann]], [[Frédéric Chopin|Chopin]], [[Franz Schubert|Schubert]], [[Franz Liszt|Liszt]], [[Maurice Ravel|Ravel]], [[Igor Stravinsky|Stravinsky]], [[Aaron Copland|Copland]], and other composers of the classical music canon. Many of the manuscripts had been unavailable for generations. Among the items are the printer's manuscript of Beethoven's [[Symphony No. 9 (Beethoven)|Ninth Symphony]], complete with Beethoven's handwritten amendments, that was used for the first performance in [[Vienna]] in 1824; Mozart's autograph of the wind parts of the final scene of ''[[The Marriage of Figaro]]''; Beethoven's arrangement of his monumental ''[[Große Fuge#Arrangement for piano four hands|Große Fuge]]'' for piano four hands; Schumann's working draft of his [[Symphony No. 2 (Schumann)|Symphony No. 2]]; and manuscripts of Brahms's [[Symphony No. 2 (Brahms)|Symphony No. 2]] and [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Brahms)|Piano Concerto No. 2]]. The entire collection has since been digitized and can be viewed online.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.juilliardmanuscriptcollection.org|title=Juilliard Manuscript Collection}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Gottlieb |first1=Jane |title=The Juilliard Manuscript Collection Comes Home |url=http://journal.juilliard.edu/journal/0911/juilliard-manuscript-collection |website=Juilliard Journal |date=June 27, 2012 |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref>

===Rankings===

Juilliard consistently ranks as one of the top performing arts schools in the world. Since QS first published its [[QS World University Rankings]] for the subject [[performing arts]] in 2016, Juilliard held the top spot among academic institution for performing arts for six years.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Juilliard School: Overview |url=https://www.qschina.cn/en/universities/juilliard-school |website=QS Top Universities |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> The school dropped its ranking to third place in 2022, falling behind the [[Royal College of Music]] and the [[University of Music and Performing Arts Vienna]]. As part of Juilliard's ranking criteria for 2022, the school scored 100 out of 100 for academic reputation and 69.2 for employer reputation for an overall score of 93.8. Juilliard and the [[Curtis Institute of Music]] were the only two American conservatories that made the top 10 in the 2022 QS World Rankings in performing arts.<ref>{{cite web |title=QS World University Rankings by Subject 2022: Performing Arts 2022 |url=https://www.qschina.cn/en/university-rankings/university-subject-rankings/2022/performing-arts |website=QS Top Universities |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=QS world university rankings 2016: performing arts |url=https://www.theguardian.com/higher-education-network/2016/mar/22/qs-world-university-rankings-2016-performing-arts |website=The Guardian |date=March 22, 2016 |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> In another report, [[The Hollywood Reporter]] ranked the school first among drama schools in the world in 2021.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abromovitch |first1=Seth |title=The World's 25 Best Drama Schools, Ranked |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/25-best-drama-schools-ranked/juilliard-new-york/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=June 19, 2021 |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref> According to the Hollywood Reporter's 2022 listing of the top-ranked music schools in the world, Juilliard ranked fourth.<ref>{{cite web |title=The World's Best Music Schools, Ranked |url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/general-news/worlds-best-music-schools-2022-ranked-1235253135/ |website=The Hollywood Reporter |date=November 5, 2022 |access-date=January 13, 2023}}</ref>