Editing John Cage (section)

===1987–1992: Final years and death===
{{See also|Number Pieces}}
In 1987, Cage completed a piece called ''Two'', for flute and piano, dedicated to performers [[Roberto Fabbriciani]] and Carlo Neri. The title referred to the number of performers needed; the music consisted of short notated fragments to be played at any tempo within the indicated time constraints. Cage went on to write some forty such ''[[Number Pieces]]'', as they came to be known, one of the last being ''Eighty'' (1992, premiered in Munich on October 28, 2011), usually employing a variant of the same technique. The process of composition, in many of the later Number Pieces, was simple selection of pitch range and pitches from that range, using chance procedures;<ref name="Pritchett, Grove"/> the music has been linked to Cage's anarchic leanings.{{sfn|Haskins|2004}} [[One11|''One<sup>11</sup>'']] (i.e., the eleventh piece for a single performer), completed in early 1992, was Cage's first and only foray into film. Cage conceived his last musical work with [[Michael Bach (musician)|Michael Bach Bachtischa]]: "ONE13" for violoncello with  [[curved bow]] and three loudspeakers, which was published years later.

Another new direction, also taken in 1987, was opera: Cage produced five operas, all sharing the same title ''Europera'', in 1987–91. ''Europeras I'' and ''II'' require greater forces than ''III'', ''IV'' and ''V'', which are on a chamber scale. They were commissioned by the [[Frankfurt Opera]] to celebrate his seventy-fifth birthday, and according to music critic [[Mark Swed]], they took "an enormous effort on the composer's part–requiring two full-time assistants and two computers humming day and night."<ref name=":0" /> These pieces caused quite a stir in the world of opera at the time with their unconventional methods for staging and sequencing. Many standard pieces of operatic repertoire were used, but not in any preset order; rather, they were selected by chance, meaning no two performances were exactly alike. Many of those who were to be a part of these performances refused to participate, citing the impossibility of the requests Cage was making. Days before Europeras I and II were to be premiered,  Frankfurt's opera house burned down, setting into motion a series of setbacks leading to a theatrical run met with mixed reactions, including a performance so bad that Cage penned a letter to his musicians criticizing their interpretation of his composition.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Kuhn |first=Laura D. |year=1994 |title=Synergetic Dynamics in John Cage's 'Europeras 1 & 2' |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/742497 |journal=The Musical Quarterly |volume=78 |issue=1 |pages=131–148 |doi=10.1093/mq/78.1.131 |jstor=742497 |issn=0027-4631}}</ref>

[[File:John Cage and Michael Bach in Assissi 1992.jpg|thumb|John Cage (left) and [[Michael Bach (musician)|Michael Bach]] in Assisi, Italy, 1992]]
In the course of the 1980s, Cage's health worsened progressively. He suffered not only from arthritis, but also from [[sciatica]] and [[arteriosclerosis]]. He had a stroke that left the movement of his left leg restricted, and, in 1985, broke an arm. During this time, Cage pursued a [[macrobiotic diet]].{{sfn|Revill|1993|loc=295}} Nevertheless, ever since arthritis started plaguing him, the composer was aware of his age, and, as biographer David Revill observed, "the fire which he began to incorporate in his visual work in 1985 is not only the fire he has set aside for so long—the fire of passion—but also fire as transitoriness and fragility." On August 11, 1992, while preparing evening tea for himself and Cunningham, Cage had another stroke. He was taken to [[St. Vincent's Hospital (Manhattan)|St. Vincent's Hospital]] in Manhattan, where he died on the morning of August 12.<ref>[[Kostelanetz, Richard]]. 2000. ''John Cage: Writer: Selected Texts'', xvii. Cooper Square Press, 2nd edition. {{ISBN|978-0-8154-1034-8}}</ref> He was 79.<ref name=obit>{{Cite news|title=John Cage, 79, a Minimalist Enchanted With Sound, Dies|first=Allan|last=Kozinn|author-link=Allan Kozinn|url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0905.html|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=August 13, 1992|access-date=July 21, 2007}}</ref>

According to his wishes, Cage's body was cremated and his ashes scattered in the [[Ramapo Mountains]], near [[Stony Point, New York|Stony Point]], New York, at the same place where he had scattered the ashes of his parents.<ref name="Revill 228" /> The composer's death occurred only weeks before a celebration of his 80th birthday organized in Frankfurt by composer [[Walter Zimmermann]] and musicologist Stefan Schaedler.<ref name=obit/> The event went ahead as planned, including a performance of the ''Concert for Piano and Orchestra'' by David Tudor and [[Ensemble Modern]]. Merce Cunningham died of natural causes in July 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Dance great Cunningham dies at 90 |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/entertainment/arts_and_culture/8171036.stm |date=July 28, 2009 |access-date=September 3, 2009 |work=[[BBC News]] }}</ref>