Editing Jenin (section)

===Ottoman era===
[[File:Palm trees at Jenin, possibly the site of ancient Jezreel. C Wellcome V0049488.jpg|thumb|right|Painting of Jenin by [[David Roberts (painter)|David Roberts]], 1839, in ''[[The Holy Land, Syria, Idumea, Arabia, Egypt, and Nubia]]'']]
[[File:General view, Jenin, Holy Land, (i.e., West Bank)-LCCN2002724992.tif|thumb|right|A general view of Jenin, between 1890 and 1900]]
[[File:Jenin bazaar scene, 1917.jpg|thumb|right|Street scene in Jenin, 1917. An Ottoman Army soldier (center left) with a local Arab (center right)]]

The [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]s conquered Mamluk Syria in 1516. Jenin became the administrative center of a ''[[nahiya]]'' (subdistrict) of the [[Lajjun|Lajjun Sanjak]] (Lajjun District).<ref name="Sharon174"/> The sanjak was officially called the Iqta (Fief) of Turabay until 1559 when it became officially known as the Lajjun Sanjak.<ref>Rhode 1979, p. 24.</ref> The [[Turabay dynasty]] was the ruling house of the [[Bedouin]] Banu Haritha tribe, whose members held the governorship of Lajjun from the start of Ottoman rule through 1677.<ref>Sharon 2017, pp. 176–177.</ref>

The [[daftar|tax register]]s from 1548 to 1549 report that Jenin had a population of eight households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 2,000 [[akçe]]. All of the revenue went to a ''[[waqf]]'' (religious endowment) in the name of the Mamluk sultan [[Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri|Qansuh al-Ghuri]] ({{reign|1501|1516}}).<ref name="HA160" /> Turabay rule was occasionally interrupted, including in 1564, when a certain Kemal Bey was appointed ''[[sanjak-bey]]'' (district governor) by the Ottomans.<ref>Abu-Husayn 1985, p. 188.</ref> On 15 October 1564 Kemal Bey requested from the ''[[beylerbey]]'' (provincial governor) of [[Damascus Eyalet|Damascus]] that the stone [[caravanserai]] of Jenin be repaired, garrisoned and serve as the chief headquarters of the Lajjun ''sanjak-bey'' in order for Lajjun to prosper and for the road connecting Damascus to [[Jerusalem]] and [[Egypt Eyalet|Egypt]] to become secure. The official response was that the caravanserai be turned into a fortress; the fortress became ruined at some later point and 19th-century residents of Jenin used to claim that certain large rocks strewn in the village were the remnants of the 16th-century fortress.<ref>Sharon 2017, p. 173.</ref>

The Turabays, who remained nomads in the plain between [[Mount Carmel]] and [[Caesarea Maritima|Caesarea]], made Jenin the administrative headquarters of Lajjun and used the town's Izz al-Din Cemetery to bury their dead.<ref>Sharon 2017, p. 177.</ref> A large, domed mausoleum was built for the grave of one of the chiefs and ''sanjak-beys'' of the family, Turabay ibn Ali (d. 1601). Known as Qubbat al-Amir Turabay (Dome of the Emir Turabay), it was described in a 1941 report as a ruined structure, and Sharon, writing in 2017, notes that it "does not exist anymore".<ref name="Sharon178">Sharon 2017, p. 178.</ref> No other graves of the Turabays in Jenin had survived into the 20th century.<ref name="Sharon178"/> During the conflict between [[Fakhr al-Din II|Fakhr al-Din]] of the [[Ma'n dynasty]], who governed the sanjaks of [[Sidon-Beirut Sanjak|Sidon-Beirut]] and [[Safad Sanjak|Safed]], and the Turabays, in 1623, Fakhr al-Din captured Jenin and stationed his men there. In 1624 the most prominent Turabay chief and ''sanjak-bey'' of Lajjun, Ahmad ibn Turabay, drove out the Ma'nid troops from Jenin and established his personal residence in the town.<ref>Abu-Husayn 1985, pp. 195–196.</ref>

In the mid-18th century, Jenin was designated the administrative capital of the combined districts of Lajjun and [[Ajlun]].<ref name=Doumanip39>Doumani, 1995, p. 39.</ref> There are indications that the area comprising Jenin and Nablus remained functionally autonomous under Ottoman rule and that the empire struggled to collect taxes there. During the [[Napoleonic Campaign in Egypt]] which extended into Syria and Palestine in 1799, a local official from Jenin wrote a poem enumerating and calling upon local Arab leaders to resist Bonaparte, without mentioning the Sultan or the need to protect the Ottoman Empire.<ref name=Quataertp107>Quataert 2005, [https://books.google.com/books?id=OX3lsOrXJGcC&pg=PA107 p. 107].</ref>

In the late 19th century, some members of the [[Jarrar family]], who formed part of the ''mallakin'' (elite land-owning families) in Jenin, cooperated with merchants in [[Haifa]] to set up an export enterprise there.<ref name=Yazbakp150>Yazbak 1998, [https://books.google.com/books?id=DPseCvbPsKsC&dq=jenin+ottoman&pg=RA1-PA150 p. 150].</ref> During the Ottoman era, Jenin was plagued by local warfare between members of the same clan.<ref>{{cite journal|url=https://birzeit.academia.edu/Hamedsalem/Papers/1202529/The_Archaeology_of_Warfare_Local_Chiefdoms_and_Settlement_Systems_in_the_Jenin_Region_during_the_Ottoman_Period_of_Palestine|title=The Archaeology of Warfare: Local Chiefdoms and Settlement Systems in the Jenin Region during the Ottoman Period of Palestine|author=Hamed Salem|journal=Near Eastern Archaeology|date=January 2008 |volume=71|issue=4|page=214|doi=10.1086/NEA20697191 |access-date=14 April 2016}}</ref> The French explorer [[Victor Guérin|Guérin]] visited in 1870.<ref>Guérin, 1874, pp. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/327/mode/1up 327]–[https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/332/mode/1up 332]</ref> In 1882, the [[Palestine Exploration Fund|PEF]]'s ''[[PEF Survey of Palestine|Survey of Western Palestine]]'' described Jenin as "The capital of the district, the seat of a [[Caimacam]], a town of about 3,000 inhabitants, with a small bazaar. The houses are well built of stone. There are two families of Roman Catholics; the remainder are Moslems. A spring rises east of the town and is conducted to a large masonry reservoir, near the west side, of good squared stonework, with a long stone trough. This reservoir was built by 'And el Hady, Mudir of Acre, in the first half of the century  [..], north of the town is the little mosque of 'Ezz ed Din, with a good- sized dome and a minaret."<ref>Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II,  pp. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/44/mode/1up 44] -45</ref>