Editing Jealousy (section)

=== Communicative responses ===
As romantic jealousy is a complicated reaction that has multiple components, i.e., thoughts, feelings, and actions, one aspect of romantic jealousy that is under study is communicative responses. Communicative responses serve three critical functions in a romantic relationship, i.e., reducing uncertainty, maintaining or repairing relationship, and restoring self-esteem.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Guerrero|first1=Laura K.|last2=Andersen|first2=Peter A.|last3=Jorgensen|first3=Peter F.|last4=Spitzberg|first4=Brian H.|last5=Eloy|first5=Sylvie V.|date=1 December 1995|title=Coping with the green-eyed monster: Conceptualizing and measuring communicative responses to romantic jealousy|journal=Western Journal of Communication|volume=59|issue=4|pages=270–304|doi=10.1080/10570319509374523|issn=1057-0314}}</ref> If done properly, communicative responses can lead to more satisfying relationships after experiencing romantic jealousy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Salovey|first1=Peter|last2=Rodin|first2=Judith|date=1 March 1988|title=Coping with Envy and Jealousy|journal=Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology|volume=7|issue=1|pages=15–33|doi=10.1521/jscp.1988.7.1.15|issn=0736-7236}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bringle|first1=Robert G|last2=Renner|first2=Patricia|last3=Terry|first3=Roger L|last4=Davis|first4=Susan|date=1 September 1983|title=An analysis of situation and person components of jealousy|journal=Journal of Research in Personality|volume=17|issue=3|pages=354–368|doi=10.1016/0092-6566(83)90026-0}}</ref>

There are two subsets of communicative responses: interactive responses and general behavior responses. Interactive responses is face-to-face and partner-directed while general behavior responses may not occur interactively.<ref name=":0" /> Guerrero and colleagues further categorize multiple types of communicative responses of romantic jealousy. Interactive responses can be broken down to six types falling in different places on continua of threat and directness:

* Avoidance/[[Denial]] (low threat and low directness). ''Example: becoming silent; pretending nothing is wrong.''
* Integrative Communication (low threat and high directness). ''Example: explaining feelings; calmly questioning partner.''
* Active Distancing (medium threat and medium directness). ''Example: decreasing affection.''
* Negative Affect Expression (medium threat and medium directness). ''Example: venting frustration; crying or sulking.''
* Distributive Communication (high threat and high directness). ''Example: acting rude; making hurtful or abrasive comments.''
* Violent Communication/[[Threat]]s (high threat and high directness). ''Example: using physical force.''

Guerrero and colleagues have also proposed five general behavior responses. The five sub-types differ in whether a response is 1) directed at partner or rival(s), 2) directed at discovery or repair, and 3) positively or negatively valenced:

* Surveillance/ Restriction (rival-targeted, discovery-oriented, commonly negatively valenced). ''Example: observing rival; trying to restrict contact with partner.''
* Rival Contacts (rival-targeted, discovery-oriented/repair-oriented, commonly negatively valenced). ''Example: confronting rival.''
* Manipulation Attempts (partner-targeted, repair-oriented, negatively valenced). ''Example: tricking partner to test loyalty; trying to make partner feel guilty.''
* Compensatory Restoration (partner-targeted, repair-oriented, commonly positively valenced). ''Example: sending flowers to partner.''
* Violent Behavior (-, -, negatively valenced). ''Example: slamming doors.''

While some of these communicative responses are destructive and aggressive, e.g., distributive communication and active distancing, some individuals respond to jealousy in a more constructive way.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Guerrero|first1=Laura K.|last2=Trost|first2=Melanie R.|last3=Yoshimura|first3=Stephen M.|date=1 June 2005|title=Romantic jealousy: Emotions and communicative responses|journal=Personal Relationships|language=en|volume=12|issue=2|pages=233–252|doi=10.1111/j.1350-4126.2005.00113.x|issn=1475-6811}}</ref> Integrative communication, compensatory restoration, and negative affect expression have been shown to lead to positive relation outcomes.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Bevan|first1=Jennifer L.|last2=Lannutti|first2=Pamela J.|date=1 June 2002|title=The experience and expression of romantic jealousy in same-sex and opposite-sex romantic relationships|journal=Communication Research Reports|volume=19|issue=3|pages=258–268|citeseerx=10.1.1.613.6096|doi=10.1080/08824090209384854|s2cid=38643030|issn=0882-4096}}</ref> One factor that affects the type of communicative responses elicited in an individual is emotions. Jealousy anger is associated with more aggressive communicative response while irritation tends to lead to more constructive communicative behaviors.

Researchers also believe that when jealousy is experienced it can be caused by differences in understanding the commitment level of the couple, rather than directly being caused by biology alone. The research identified that if a person valued long-term relationships more than being sexually exclusive, those individuals were more likely to demonstrate jealousy over emotional rather than physical infidelity.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ammon|first=Rebecca|date=1 January 2004|title=The Influence of Biology and Commitment Beliefs on Jealousy Responses|url=https://digitalcommons.unf.edu/ojii_volumes/17|journal=The Osprey Journal of Ideas and Inquiry |volume=4}}</ref>

Through a study conducted in three Spanish-Speaking countries, it was determined that Facebook jealousy also exists. This Facebook jealousy ultimately leads to increased relationship jealousy and study participants also displayed decreased self esteem as a result of the Facebook jealousy.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Moyano|first1=Nieves|last2=Sánchez-Fuentes|first2=María del Mar|last3=Chiriboga|first3=Ariana|last4=Flórez-Donado|first4=Jennifer|date=2 October 2017|title=Factors associated with Facebook jealousy in three Spanish-Speaking countries|journal=Sexual and Relationship Therapy|language=en|volume=32|issue=3–4|pages=309–322|doi=10.1080/14681994.2017.1397946|issn=1468-1994|hdl=11323/1608|s2cid=148945166|url=http://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstream/11323/1608/1/Factors%20associated%20with%20Facebook%20jealousy%20in%20three%20Spanish.pdf|hdl-access=free}}</ref>