Editing Jawaharlal Nehru (section)

=== Civil rights and home rule: 1912–1919 ===
[[File:Kamala and Jawaharlal Nehru 1916.jpg|thumb|200px|alt=See captionKamala and Jawaharlal Nehru marriage ceremony|Nehru and Kamala Kaul at their wedding in Delhi, 1916]]
[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru and his family in 1918.jpg|thumb|upright=0.9|right|alt=Family portrait of Nehru, his wife and daughter |Nehru in 1919 with wife [[Kamala Nehru|Kamala]] and daughter [[Indira Gandhi|Indira]]]]
Nehru's father, Motilal, was an important [[Early Nationalists|moderate]] leader of the Indian National Congress. The moderates believed British rule was modernising, and sought reform and more participation in government in cooperation with British authorities.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Nanda|first=B.R.|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pI19BgAAQBAJ|title=Gokhale: The Indian Moderates and the British Raj|date=2015|publisher=[[Princeton University Press]]|isbn=9781400870493|language=en|pages=484–486}}</ref> However, Nehru sympathised with the Congress radicals,{{sfn| Zachariah|2004|pp=20–21}} who promoted [[Swaraj]], [[Swadeshi movement|Swadesh]], and boycott. The two factions had [[Surat Split|split]] in 1907. After returning to India in 1912, Nehru attended the annual session of the Congress at [[Patna]].{{sfn|Ghose|1993|p=25}} The Congress was then considered a party of moderates and elites dominated by [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]],{{sfn|Ghose|1993|p=25}}{{sfn|Moraes|2007|p=50}} and Nehru was disconcerted by what he saw as "very much an English-knowing [[upper-class]] affair".{{sfn|Moraes|2007|p=49}} However, Nehru agreed to raise funds for the ongoing [[Satyagraha|Indian civil rights movement]] led by [[Mahatma Gandhi]] in South Africa.{{sfn|Ghose|1993|p=25}}{{sfn|Moraes|2007|p=50}} In 1916, Nehru married [[Kamala Kaul]], who came from a Kashmiri Pandit family settled in Delhi.{{sfn|Nanda|2007|p=173}} Their only daughter, [[Indira Gandhi|Indira]], was born in 1917. Kamala gave birth to a son in 1924, but the baby lived for only a few days.{{sfn|Nanda|2007|p=330}}

The influence of moderates declined after Gokhale died in 1915.{{sfn|Ghose|1993|p=25}} Several nationalist leaders banded together in 1916 under the leadership of [[Annie Besant]] and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]] to voice a demand for Swaraj or [[self-governance]]. Besant and Tilak formed separate [[Indian Home Rule movement|Home Rule League]]s. Nehru joined both groups, but he worked primarily with Besant, with whom he had a very close relationship since childhood.{{sfn|Moraes|2007|p=55}} He became the secretary of Besant's Home Rule League.<ref name="JNACA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.jnmf.in/chrono.html |title=Jawaharlal Nehru – a chronological account |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120604220450/http://www.jnmf.in/chrono.html |archive-date=4 June 2012 |access-date=23 June 2012|website=Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Fund (JNMF)}}</ref>  In June 1917, the British government arrested Besant. The Congress and other organisations threatened to launch protests if she was not freed. The government was forced to release Besant in September, but the protestors successfully negotiated further [[Montagu–Chelmsford Reforms|concession]]s.{{sfn|Moraes|2007|p=58}}