Editing Jasenovac concentration camp (section)

===Inmate population===
Serbs constituted the majority of inmates in Jasenovac.{{sfn|Pavlowitch|2008|p=34}} Serbs were generally brought to Jasenovac concentration camp after refusing to convert to [[Catholicism]]. In many municipalities around the [[NDH]], warning posters declared that any Serb who did not convert to [[Catholicism]] would be deported to a concentration camp.{{sfn|Paris|1961|p=157}} The Ustaše regime's policy of mass killings of Serbs constituted [[genocide]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Ustasa|url=https://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205904.pdf|publisher=yadvashem.org|access-date=25 June 2018|archive-date=8 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808002505/https://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205904.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfn|Frucht Levy|2009}}{{sfn|Mylonas|2003|p=115}}{{sfn|Crowe|2013|pp=45–46}}{{sfn|McCormick|2014}}<ref>{{cite web| url=http://public.mzos.hr/fgs.axd?id=10921| author=Ivo Goldstein| title=Uspon i pad NDH| publisher=[[Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb]]| access-date=20 February 2011| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717114852/http://public.mzos.hr/fgs.axd?id=10921| archive-date=17 July 2011| author-link=Ivo Goldstein}}</ref>{{sfn|Totten|Parsons|1997|p=430}}

The Jasenovac Memorial Area list of victims is more than 56% Serbs, 45,923 out of 80,914. In some cases, inmates were immediately killed upon acknowledging Serbian ethnicity, and most considered it to be the sole reason for their imprisonment.<ref>[[#State-Commission|State Commission, 1946]], pp. 30, 40–41.</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2022}} The Serbs were predominantly brought from the [[Kozara]] region, where the Ustaše captured areas that were held by Partisan guerrillas.{{sfn|Sindik (ed.)|1985|pp=40–41, 98, 131, 171}} Although the Germans were not directly present in Jasenovac concentration camp, they participated in the internment of peoples after the "cleansing actions" from the Partisan war-affected areas, especially during the Kozara offensive, in addition they were also taking inmates to forced labor in Germany and other camps in the occupied Europe.{{sfn|Mataušić|2008|p=8}} These were brought to the camp without sentence, almost destined for immediate execution, accelerated via the use of [[machine-gun]]s.

[[File:Odlok NDH.JPG|thumb|A report on the deportation of [[Travnik]] area Jews to Jasenovac and Stara Gradiška camps, March 1942]]
Jews, the primary target of Nazi genocide, were the second-largest category of victims of Jasenovac. The number of Jewish casualties is uncertain, but estimates range from about 8,000{{sfn|USHMM}} to around 25,000, almost two thirds of the Croatian Jewish population of 37,000.<ref name="yadvashem-5930">{{cite web|url=http://www1.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf|publisher=Yad Vashem|title=Croatia|access-date=2007-10-23|archive-date=2013-11-04|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104235511/http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%205930.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

Most of the executions of Jews at Jasenovac occurred prior to August 1942. Thereafter, the [[Independent State of Croatia#Establishment of NDH|NDH]] deported them to [[Auschwitz concentration camp|Auschwitz]]. In general, Jews were initially sent to Jasenovac from all parts of Croatia after being gathered in [[Zagreb]], and from [[Bosnia and Herzegovina]] after being gathered in [[Sarajevo]]. Some, however, were transported directly to Jasenovac from other cities and smaller towns. {{citation needed|date=March 2015}} Roma in Jasenovac consisted of both Roma and [[Sinti]], who were captured in various areas in Bosnia, especially in the Kozara region. They were brought to Jasenovac and taken to area III-C, where nutrition, hydration, shelter and sanitary conditions were all below the rest of the camp's own abysmally low standards.<ref name="SC-43-44">[[#State-Commission|State Commission, 1946]], pp. 43–44.</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2022}} The figures of murdered Roma are estimated between 20,000 and 50,000.<ref name="SC-43-44"/>{{primary source inline|date=June 2022}}

Anti-fascists consisted of various sorts of political and ideological opponents or antagonists of the Ustaše regime. In general, their treatment was similar to other inmates, although known [[Communism|communists]] were executed right away, and convicted Ustaše or law-enforcement officials,<ref>[[#State-Commission|State Commission, 1946]], p. 32</ref>{{primary source inline|date=June 2022}} or others close to the Ustaše in opinion, such as Croatian peasants, were held on beneficial terms and granted amnesty after serving a duration of time. The leader of the banned [[Croatian Peasant Party]], [[Vladko Maček]] was held in Jasenovac from October 1941 to March 1942, after which he was kept under strict house arrest.{{sfn|Tomasevich|2001|p=359}} Unique among the fascist states during World War II, Jasenovac contained a camp specifically for children in [[Sisak]]. Around 20,000 Serb, Jewish and Roma children perished at Jasenovac.{{sfn|Jasenovac Memorial Site List of individual victims}}

==== Women and children ====
Of the 83,145 named victims listed in the Jasenovac Memorial Site, more than half are women (23,474) and children (20,101) below  the age of 14. Most were held at [[Stara Gradiška concentration camp|Stara Gradiška]] camp of the Jasenovac complex, specifically designed for women and children,{{sfn|Jasenovac Memorial Site List of individual victims}} as well as associated camps in [[Jablanac Jasenovački|Jablanac]] and [[Mlaka, Sisak-Moslavina County|Mlaka]], while children were also held in other Ustaše concentration camps for children at [[Sisak children's concentration camp|Sisak]] and [[Jastrebarsko children's camp|Jastrebarsko]]. Many of the children in the camps were among the tens-of-thousands of Serb civilians captured during the German-Ustaše [[Kozara Offensive|Kozara offensive]], after which many of their parents sent to forced labor in Germany, while the children were separated from the parents and placed in Ustaše concentration camps. In addition nearly all the Roma women and children in the NDH were exterminated at Jasenovac, as well as thousands of Jewish women and children, among the up to two-thirds of all Croatian Holocaust victims killed at Jasenovac. The terrible conditions the children were held in were described by one of the female inmates Giordana Friedländer:<blockquote>When I entered the room I had something to see. One child was lying with his head in feces, the other children in urine were lying on top of each other. I approached one of the girls with the intention of lifting her out of the pool of dirt, and she looked at me as if smiling. She was already dead. One 10-year-old boy, completely naked, was standing by the wall because he could not sit down. Out of him hung his gut covered in flies.{{sfn|Goldstein|2018|loc="Tragedija djece s Kozare" chapter}}<ref name=":11">{{Cite web|title=Tragedija djece s Kozare – istina o krvavoj brutalnosti ustaša|url=https://www.autograf.hr/tragedija-djece-s-kozare-istina-o-krvavoj-brutalnosti-ustasa/|access-date=2020-09-13|website=autograf.hr|date=10 December 2018|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-04-07|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230407201804/https://www.autograf.hr/tragedija-djece-s-kozare-istina-o-krvavoj-brutalnosti-ustasa/|url-status=live}}</ref></blockquote>Later the commandant of the camp, Ante Vrban, ordered the room sealed and with a mask on his face inserted [[zyklon gas]] into the room, killing the remaining children.{{sfn|Goldstein|2018|loc="Tragedija djece s Kozare" chapter}}<ref name=":11" /> At his trial the commandant of Ante Vrban, admitted to these killings.{{sfn|Dulić|2005|p=272}}