Editing Jarvis Island (section)

===Nineteenth-century guano mining===
The American Guano Company, incorporated in 1857, established claims regarding Baker Island and Jarvis Island, recognized under the U.S. [[Guano Islands Act]] of 1856.<ref>{{cite web|title = GAO/OGC-98-5 – U.S. Insular Areas: Application of the U.S. Constitution | date = November 7, 1997|url= http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GAOREPORTS-OGC-98-5/content-detail.html|publisher= U.S. Government Printing Office |access-date=March 23, 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title = The Guano Companies in Litigation—A Case of Interest to Stockholders | date = May 3, 1865 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/1865/05/03/news/guano-companies-litigation-case-interest-stockholders-supreme-court-general-term.html |newspaper=New York Times |access-date=March 23, 2013}}</ref> Beginning in 1858, several support structures were built on Jarvis Island, along with a two-story, eight-room "superintendent's house" featuring an observation [[cupola]] and wide [[verandah]]s. Tram tracks were laid down to bring mined [[guano]] to the western shore.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=O'Donnell |first=Dan |date=1995-01-01 |title=The nineteenth century Pacific guano trade |url=https://search.informit.org/doi/abs/10.3316/INFORMIT.859044115656143 |journal=The Bulletin of the Australian Institute for Maritime Archaeology |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=27–32}}</ref> One of the first loads was taken by [[Samuel Gardner Wilder]].<ref>{{cite book |chapter=Samuel Gardner Wilder |title= The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders |year=1925 |publisher= [[Honolulu Star Bulletin]] |editor= George F. Nellist |chapter-url= http://files.usgwarchives.net/hi/statewide/bios/wilder65bs.txt }}</ref>
Laborers for the mining operations came from around the Pacific, including from Hawai{{okina}}i; the Hawaiian laborers named Baker Island "{{lang|haw|Paukeaho}}", meaning 'out of breath' or 'exhausted', which is indicative of the hard work needed.<ref name=":2">{{cite report|title=Early Cultural and Historical Seascape of the Pacific Remote Islands Marine National Monument: Archival and Literary Research Report|first1=Jesi|last1=Quan Bautista|first2=Savannah|last2=Smith|date=2018|number=SP-19-005|publisher=NOAA Fisheries Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center|doi=10.25923/fb5w-jw23|page=3}}</ref>

For the following 21 years, Jarvis was commercially mined for guano sent to the United States as [[fertilizer]]. Still, the island was abruptly abandoned in 1879, leaving behind about a dozen buildings and {{convert|8,000|t|ST|sp=us}} of mined guano.

[[File:Squire Flockton death 47059637 1465956622.jpg|thumb|News story of Squire Flockton's death on Jarvis. The name ''Juror's Island'' in the article is a typographical error for Jarvis Island.<ref>''Auckland Star'', Volume XIX, Issue 3978, 28 April 1883. [https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS18830428.2.12 p. 2.]</ref>]]
New Zealand [[entrepreneur]]s, including photographer [[Henry Winkelmann]], then made unsuccessful attempts to continue guano extraction on Jarvis, and the two-story house was sporadically inhabited during the early 1880s. Squire Flockton was left alone on the island as caretaker for several months and committed [[suicide]] there in 1883, apparently from [[gin]]-fueled despair.<ref name="Cushman2013">{{cite book|author=Gregory T. Cushman|title=Guano and the Opening of the Pacific World: A Global Ecological History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LbIEXKafflMC&pg=PA98|date=25 March 2013|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-1-107-00413-9|pages=98–}}</ref> His wooden [[Headstone|grave marker]] was a carved plank which could be seen in the island's tiny four-grave [[cemetery]] for decades.<ref name="SA">{{cite web|first=Sydney |last=Arundel |title = Kodak photographs, Jarvis Island| year = 1909|url= http://www.jarvisisland.info/arundel.html|publisher= Steve Higley|access-date=April 23, 2013}}</ref>

[[John T. Arundel|John T. Arundel & Co.]] resumed mining guano from 1886 to 1899.<ref name="Ellis 1935">{{cite book |last1= Ellis |first1= Albert F. |author-link1= Albert Fuller Ellis |title= Ocean Island and Nauru; Their Story |year= 1935 |publisher= Angus and Robertson, limited|location= Sydney, Australia |oclc= 3444055 }}</ref><ref name="WM1985">{{cite book |last1= Maslyn Williams & Barrie Macdonald |title= The Phosphateers |year=1985 |publisher= Melbourne University Press |isbn=978-0-522-84302-6}}</ref> The United Kingdom annexed the island on June 3, 1889. [[Phosphate]] and [[copra]] entrepreneur [[John T. Arundel]] visited the island in 1909 on the maiden voyage of the ''S.S. Ocean Queen'', and near the beach landing on the western shore, members of the crew built a pyramidal [[day beacon]] made from slats of wood, which was painted white.<ref name="SA"/> The beacon was standing in 1935,<ref name="EHB">{{cite web|last= Edwin H. Bryan, Jr. |title = Panala'au Memoirs | year = 1974|url= http://www.jarvisisland.info/arundel.html|publisher= Pacific Scientific Information Center – Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii|access-date=April 23, 2013}}</ref> and remained until at least 1942.