Editing Jane Jacobs (section)

== Life in Toronto ==
[[File:Jane Jacobs home Toronto.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Jacobs lived at 69 Albany Avenue (white porch) in Toronto's [[The Annex|Annex]] for 35 years]]
Soon after her arrest in 1968, Jacobs moved to [[Toronto]], eventually settling at 69 Albany Avenue in [[The Annex]] from 1971 until her death in 2006.{{sfn|Alexiou|2006|p=149}} She decided to leave the US in part because she opposed the [[Vietnam War]], she worried about the fate of her two [[Conscription|draft]]-age sons,<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Three Who Made a Revolution |last=Solnit |first=Rebecca |author-link=Rebecca Solnit |date=16 March 2006 |magazine=[[The Nation]] |url=https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/three-who-made-revolution/}}</ref> and she did not want to continue fighting the New York City government. She and her husband chose Toronto because it was pleasant and offered employment opportunities,{{sfn|Alexiou|2006|pp=149–151}} and they moved to an area of Toronto that included so many Americans avoiding the draft that it was called the "American ghetto".{{sfn|Alexiou|2006|p=152}}

She quickly became a leading figure in her new city and helped stop the proposed [[Spadina Expressway]]. A frequent theme of her work was to ask whether cities were being built for people or for cars. She was arrested twice during demonstrations.{{sfn|Allen|1997|p=170}} She also had considerable influence on the regeneration of the [[St. Lawrence, Toronto|St. Lawrence]] neighbourhood, a [[housing project]] regarded as a major success. She became a Canadian citizen in 1974 and later, she told writer [[James Howard Kunstler]] that dual citizenship was not possible at the time, implying that her US citizenship was lost.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kunstler.com/mags_jacobs2.htm |title=Interview with Jane Jacobs, part 2 |first=James Howard|last=Kunstler |date=6 September 2000 |access-date=21 April 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030022021/http://www.kunstler.com/mags_jacobs2.htm |archive-date=30 October 2014 }}</ref>

In 1980, she offered a more urban perspective on [[Quebec]]'s sovereignty in her book, ''The Question of Separatism: Quebec and the Struggle over Separation''. Jacobs was an advocate of a [[Proposal for the Province of Toronto|Province of Toronto]] to separate the city proper from [[Ontario]]. Jacobs said, "Cities, to thrive in the twenty-first century, must separate themselves politically from their surrounding areas."{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} <!-- Note: the 16 March 2010 article "Should Toronto go it alone?" in the Toronto Star is not an acceptable source, as the author may have obtained the quotation from this WP article -->

She was selected to be an officer of the [[Order of Canada]] in 1996 for her seminal writings and thought-provoking commentaries on [[urban development]]. The community and urban sociology section of the [[American Sociological Association]] awarded her its Outstanding Lifetime Contribution award in 2002. In 1997, the city government of Toronto sponsored a conference entitled, "Jane Jacobs: Ideas That Matter", which led to a book by the same name. At the end of the conference, the Jane Jacobs Prize was created. It includes an annual stipend of $5,000 for three years to be given to "celebrate Toronto's original, unsung heroes – by seeking out citizens who are engaged in activities that contribute to the city's vitality".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ideasthatmatter.com/people/jj-prize.html|title=The Jane Jacobs Prize|publisher=Ideas that Matter|access-date=6 May 2006|archive-date=7 February 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180207182904/http://ideasthatmatter.com/people/jj-prize.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>{{sfn|Alexiou|2006}}

[[File:Jane Jacobs and SBB.jpg|thumb|left|Jacobs with [[Ecotrust]] foreman Spencer Beebe in [[Portland, Oregon]], 2004]]
Jacobs never shied away from expressing her political support for specific candidates. She opposed the 1997 amalgamation of the cities of [[Metro Toronto]], fearing that individual neighbourhoods would have less power with the new structure. She backed an ecologist, [[Tooker Gomberg]], who lost [[2000 Toronto municipal election|Toronto's 2000 mayoralty race]], and she was an adviser to [[David Miller (Canadian politician)|David Miller's]] successful [[2003 Toronto municipal election|mayoral campaign in 2003]], at a time when he was seen as a [[wikt:longshot|longshot]]. During the mayoral campaign, Jacobs helped lobby against the construction of a bridge to join the city waterfront to [[Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport|island airport]] on the [[Toronto Islands]].<ref>[http://www.eyeweekly.com/eye/issue/issue_10.03.02/news/airport.php Eyeweekly.com] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080830010106/http://www.eyeweekly.com/eye/issue/issue_10.03.02/news/airport.php |date=30 August 2008 }}</ref> Following the election, the Toronto City Council's earlier decision to approve the bridge was reversed and the bridge construction project was stopped. The airport instead upgraded the ferry service and later built a pedestrian tunnel.

Jacobs also was active in a campaign against a plan of [[Royal St. George's College]] (an established school very close to the Jacobs residence in Toronto's Annex district) to reconfigure its facilities. Jacobs suggested not only that the redesign be stopped but that the school be forced from the neighbourhood entirely.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onpha.on.ca/english/doc/places.pdf |website=Ontario Non-Profit Housing Association | title=Home |publisher=Onpha.on.ca |date=19 April 2005 |access-date=28 April 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081001210819/http://www.onpha.on.ca/english/doc/places.pdf |archive-date=1 October 2008 }}</ref> Although Toronto council initially rejected the school's plans, the decision later was reversed – and the project was given the go-ahead by the [[Ontario Municipal Board]] (OMB) when opponents failed to produce credible witnesses and tried to withdraw from the case during the hearing.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.omb.gov.on.ca/e-decisions/pl050662_%233420.pdf |title=Omb.gov.on.ca |access-date=15 October 2007 }}{{dead link|date=January 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

She also had an influence on [[Vancouver]]'s urban planning. Jacobs has been called "the mother of [[Vancouverism]]",<ref name="sullivanjacobs">{{cite web | url=https://www.straight.com/article-702636/vancouver/sullivanism-vs-jane-jacobs | title=Vancouver's density debate pits Sullivanism versus the ideas of Jane Jacobs | publisher=The Georgia Straight | date=7 June 2012 | access-date=11 June 2012 | last=Wood|first=Daniel | quote=She is why international experts come to Vancouver to study its renowned livability. She's the mother of Vancouverism.}}</ref> referring to that city's use of her "density done well" philosophy.<ref name="globewikens">{{cite news | url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/arts/jane-jacobs-honoured-in-the-breach/article597904/ | title=Jane Jacobs: Honoured in the breach | newspaper=The Globe and Mail | date=6 May 2011 | access-date=11 June 2012 | last=Wikens|first=Stephen |quote=Brent Toderian, Director of Planning for the City of Vancouver says of Jacobs: 'There isn't a person or book more influential in creating "Vancouverism" than Jane and The Death and Life'.}}</ref>

Jacobs died in [[Toronto Western Hospital]] aged 89, on 25 April 2006,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/04/arts/design/janes-walk-tours-in-honor-of-jane-jacobs-in-new-york.html|title=Jane's Walk Tours, in Honor of Jane Jacobs, in New York|last=Roberts|first=Sam|date=3 May 2012|work=The New York Times|access-date=11 June 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> apparently of a stroke.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mail-archive.com/nettime-l@bbs.thing.net/msg03446.html|title=Urban expert Jane Jacobs dies at 89yrs|first=Sandra|last=Martin|date=26 April 2006|work=[[The Globe and Mail]] (Toronto)|access-date=23 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101022031958/http://www.mail-archive.com/nettime-l@bbs.thing.net/msg03446.html|archive-date=22 October 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref> She was survived by a brother, James Butzner (d. 2009);<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wellsfuneralhome.com/obituary/James-Jim-Butzner/Waynesville-NC/669019|title=James Butzner Obituary, Waynesville, NC|date=5 May 2009|work=wellsfuneralhome.com|access-date=17 February 2017}}</ref> a daughter, Burgin Jacobs, her sons, James and Ned of Vancouver,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://crowdgift.ca/team/ned-jacobs|title=Ned Jacobs|work=CrowdGift.com|access-date=17 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113123724/https://crowdgift.ca/team/ned-jacobs|archive-date=13 November 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> and by two grandchildren and two great-grandchildren. Upon her death her family's statement noted: "What's important is not that she died but that she lived, and that her life's work has greatly influenced the way we think. Please remember her by reading her books and implementing her ideas".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060425.wjanejacobs0425/BNStory/National/home |title=Jane Jacobs |date=25 May 2006 |publisher=Globe and Mail (subscription required) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060430115928/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/story/RTGAM.20060425.wjanejacobs0425/BNStory/National/home |archive-date=30 April 2006 }}</ref>