Editing Jaén, Spain (section)

==Culture==
===Landmarks===
[[File:PHTO0104.JPG|thumb|left|upright|[[Castle of Santa Catalina (Jaén)|Saint Catalina's castle]].]]
[[File:Jaén Cathedral.png|thumb|left|upright|Jaén Cathedral.]]

''[[Castle of Santa Catalina (Jaén)|Saint Catherine's Castle]]'' (Castillo de Santa Catalina) sits on the top of a hill overlooking the city. Previously there had existed a fortress of Arabic origin (Abrehui's castle), of which some remains still exist. The current construction is of Christian origin, raised after the [[Siege of Jaén (1245-46)|conquest of the city]] by [[Ferdinand III of Castile]], called the Saint, in 1246.

[[Jaén Cathedral]] is one of the most important [[Renaissance]]-style [[cathedral]]s. Construction began in 1570 and was completed in 1802. It is dedicated to the [[Assumption of the Virgin]], and it was built to shelter the [[relic]] of the [[Holy Face]], or [[Veil of Veronica]], lodged at the major chapel and exposed to the public every Friday. Due to the length of time in its construction,  different artistic styles can be appreciated, the most prominent being Renaissance; Andrés de Vandelvira the most important architect. He is the greatest exponent of the Andalusian Renaissance. It aspires to be listed as a [[World Heritage Site]] by [[UNESCO]].

The [[Arab Baths of Jaén|Arab Baths]] (''Baños Arabes'') in Jaén are among the largest [[Turkish bath|Islamic bathhouses]] preserved in [[Spain]]. They can be visited under {{ill|Palacio de Villardompardo, Jaén|lt=Villardompardo's Palace|es|Palacio de Villardompardo (Jaén)}} (another important landmark in the city).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|title=Baños Árabes|url=https://www.xn--baosarabesjaen-rnb.es/work/banos-arabes/|access-date=2020-10-05|website=www.xn--baosarabesjaen-rnb.es}}</ref> These Arab baths had the function in their origins of purifying all the visitors who entered the city of Jaén. However, nowadays they are not in use, being a great tourist and historical attraction.<ref>{{cite web |title=Los mejores planes para viajar por España en familia |url=https://www.vipealo.com/blog/los-mejores-planes-para-viajar-por-espana-en-familia/ |website=Vipealo |date=29 December 2020 |access-date=29 December 2020}}</ref>

Other important landmarks are the ''Museum of Arts and Popular Customs'', the ''International Museum of Naïf Art'', ''San Andrés's Chapel'', the ''Provincial Museum of Jaén'' (which shelters an important collection of archaeological Iberian remains), ''Saint Ildefonso's church'', ''[[La Magdalena, Jaén|La Magdalena]]'' church, etc.

===Music===
The most important event is the International Piano Competition Premio Jaén (in Spanish: Concurso Internacional de Piano Premio Jaén) that is the oldest and most important piano competition in Spain. It started in 1953 with Pablo Castillo García-Negrete, an architect who began to donate the first cash prizes of only some thousands of pesetas. Nowadays the prize consist of €57,000 and the recording of classical music albums in professional studios. The last winner of this significant competition was the Chinese pianist Yin Yu Qin, in 2008, in the fiftieth competition.

There are other events such as the Ciclos de Rock and the Lagarto Rock Festival.

===Language===
The language spoken in Jaén is the official language of Spain, Spanish. The variety of Spanish spoken in this province displays some of the characteristics of [[Andalusian Spanish|Andalusian]] speech, such as dropping of final -s in plural formation: ''gafa'' for gafas (and consequent final vowel opening) in the word "glasses", or dropping of /d/ in intervocalic position in regular participles of verbs: e.g. ''acabao'' for ''acabado''. Some of these variants can be consulted in the ''Diccionario de Vocabulario Andaluz'' compiled by the local lexicographer Alcalá Venceslada, which was reprinted by the University of Jaén some years ago. This dictionary also compiles some other variants of Andalusian present in other parts of the autonomous community.

There are different expressions typical of the area, namely the interjection "¡ea!" (also present in other dialectal variants) which has no particular exact meaning or "¡lavística!" /la'vistika/, which is believed to be a contraction of the expression "la [[Vírgen de Tíscar]]", a popular virgin of the province, although there are no exact data to confirm the origin of the last expression which is, nevertheless, widespread among speakers of the province.

===Leisure and entertainment===
====Festivals====
Feria de San Lucas: On 18 October Jaén celebrates its biggest festivity. It lasts more than a week where jienenses and visitors can enjoy music, Sevillanas dancing, gastronomy, culture and tradition.

Romeria de Santa Catalina: Procession in the hill with the same name where the Castle is located to honour the Saint Patron of the City. It is typical to eat sardines and barbecue in the forest around the Castle.

San Anton: The 16 January it is celebrated the fires of [[Anthony the Great|San Anton]]. In the different neighbourhoods there are built bonfires and people eat and sing around them celebrating the beginning of the year. Also  the International Urban Race of San Anton takes place that night, the fifth in the Spanish Ranking of Athleticism.

Virgen de la Capilla: The 11 June Jaén celebrates the appearance of the Virgin Mary in the city. A weekend where there are flower offerings and a Virgin procession, as well as traditional activities to show the culture of the city.

=====Holy Week=====
The tradition of celebrating the Holy Week in the city started in the Middle Ages, and nowadays it has been declared "Bien de Interés Turístico-Cultural Andaluz" since 2006 and "Fiesta de Interés Turístico Nacional de Andalucía". From Palm Sunday until Resurrection Sunday 17 catholic brotherhoods carry out their processions through the streets of Jaén.

===Gastronomy===
[[File:Estudiantes Jaen.JPG|thumb|right|[[Holy Week in Spain|Holy week]] in Jaén.]]
The gastronomy of Jaén is very varied, emphasizing local dishes such as the ''pipirrana'' (tomato, green peppers, breadcrumbs, garlic shoots, olive oil, vinegar, salt and hard-boiled egg); "spinach a la Jaén" (garlic, croûtons, spiced sausage, bayleaf, egg, orange zest and vinegar); "rice a la Jaén" (very weak), "veal with chopped garlic", "trout from the rivers of Jaén" (trout, butter, chunks of ham with bacon, parsley, white wine and salt), "ajo blanco a la Jaén" (raw almond, olive oil, eggs, garlic, salt, vinegar and water).

Among the most well-known confectioneries of Jaén is "rice pudding", "gachas of Jaén" (a sort of porridge), "pestiños", "gusanillos" and "ochíos".

In Jaén the eating of [[tapas]] is very common; numerous bars exist where, when purchasing a beer, the customer is also given a free snack to accompany the drink. The tapas vary from place to place and in some bars it is even possible to choose from a tapas menu, though this is not normally the case.