Editing Isaac Newton (section)

=== Other significant work ===
Newton studied heat and energy flow, formulating an [[Newton's law of cooling|empirical law of cooling]] which states that the rate at which an object cools is proportional to the temperature difference between the object and its surrounding environment. It was first formulated in 1701, and is the first heat transfer formulation and serves as the formal basis of [[Convection (heat transfer)|convective heat transfer]].<ref name=":13" />

Newton introduced the notion of a [[Newtonian fluid]] with his formulation of his [[Newtonian fluid#Newton's law of viscosity|law of viscosity]] in ''Principia'' in 1687. It states that the shear stress between two fluid layers is directly proportional to the velocity gradient between them.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Hamilton |first1=George |title=Revisiting viscosity from the macroscopic to nanoscale regimes |date=July–December 2018 |arxiv=1804.04028 |last2=Disharoon |first2=Zachary |last3=Sanabria |first3=Hugo|journal=Revista mexicana de física E|volume=64|issue=2|url=https://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?pid=S1870-35422018000200222&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en}}</ref> He also discussed the circular motion of fluids and was the first to discuss [[Couette flow]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Donnelly |first=Russell J. |date=1991-11-01 |title=Taylor-Couette Flow: The Early Days |url=https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/44/11/32/406407/Taylor-Couette-Flow-The-Early-DaysFluid-caught |journal=Physics Today |language=en |volume=44 |issue=11 |pages=32–39 |doi=10.1063/1.881296 |bibcode=1991PhT....44k..32D |issn=0031-9228}}</ref><ref name=":162">{{Cite book |last=Rowlands |first=Peter |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u0NBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA162 |title=Newton – Innovation And Controversy |publisher=[[World Scientific Publishing]] |year=2017 |isbn=9781786344045 |pages=162}}</ref>

Newton was the first to observe and explain the [[Magnus effect]] in 1672 after observing [[Real tennis|tennis]] players at [[Cambridge]] college.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7wzkEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA198 |title=Proceedings of the 2nd International Seminar on Aeronautics and Energy: ISAE 2022 |date=2024 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-981-99-6874-9 |editor-last=Nik Mohd |editor-first=Nik Ahmad Ridhwan |series= |location= |pages=198 |editor-last2=Mat |editor-first2=Shabudin}}</ref>