Editing International relations (section)

====History of liberalism====
The intellectual basis of liberal theory is often cited as [[Immanuel Kant]]'s essay [[Perpetual peace|''Perpetual Peace'']] from 1795. In it, he postulates that states, over time, through increased political and economic cooperation, will come to resemble an international federation—a [[world government]]; which will be characterised by continual peace and cooperation.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|last1= Cristol |first1=Jonathan |date=November 2019 |url=https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780199743292/obo-9780199743292-0060.xml|title=Liberalism|access-date=2021-03-12|language=en|encyclopedia=Oxford Bibliographies}}</ref> In modern times, [[liberal international relations theory]] arose after [[World War I]] in response to the ability of states to control and limit war in their international relations. Early adherents include [[Woodrow Wilson]] and [[Norman Angell]], who argued that states mutually gained from cooperation and that war was so destructive as to be essentially futile.<ref>{{citation|last1=Trueman|first1=CN|title=Woodrow Wilson|work=The History Learning Site|date=22 May 2015|url=http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/woodrow_wilson.htm|access-date=5 March 2014}}</ref> Liberalism was not recognized as a coherent theory as such until it was collectively and derisively termed idealism by [[E. H. Carr]]. A new version of "idealism" that focused on [[human rights]] as the basis of the legitimacy of [[international law]] was advanced by [[Hans Köchler]].

Major theorists include [[Montesquieu]], [[Immanuel Kant]], [[Michael W. Doyle]], [[Francis Fukuyama]], and [[Helen Milner]].<ref>Mingst, Karen A., & Snyder, Jack L. (2011). Essential Readings in World Politics (4th ed.). New York: W. W. Norton & Company.</ref>