Editing Insulin resistance (section)

=== Mitochondrial dysfunction ===
Multiple studies involving different methodology suggest that impaired function of [[Mitochondrion|mitochondria]] might play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=N |last2=Heilbronn |first2=LK |title=Is mitochondrial dysfunction a cause of insulin resistance? |journal=Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism |date=November 2008 |volume=19 |issue=9 |pages=324–30 |doi=10.1016/j.tem.2008.08.001 |pmid=18804383|s2cid=22469532 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Giebelstein |first1=J |last2=Poschmann |first2=G |last3=Højlund |first3=K |last4=Schechinger |first4=W |last5=Dietrich |first5=JW |last6=Levin |first6=K |last7=Beck-Nielsen |first7=H |last8=Podwojski |first8=K |last9=Stühler |first9=K |last10=Meyer |first10=HE |last11=Klein |first11=HH |title=The proteomic signature of insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle reveals increased glycolytic and decreased mitochondrial enzymes. |journal=Diabetologia |date=April 2012 |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=1114–27 |doi=10.1007/s00125-012-2456-x |pmid=22282162|s2cid=5843657 |doi-access=free }}</ref> Mitochondrial dysfunction may result from the formation of [[reactive oxygen species]], genetic factors, aging, and reduced mitochondrial biogenesis.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Kim |first1=JA |last2=Wei |first2=Y |last3=Sowers |first3=JR |title=Role of mitochondrial dysfunction in insulin resistance. |journal=Circulation Research |date=29 February 2008 |volume=102 |issue=4 |pages=401–14 |doi=10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.107.165472 |pmid=18309108|pmc=2963150 }}</ref> Important questions remain unsolved to date, however.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Montgomery |first1=MK |last2=Turner |first2=N |title=Mitochondrial dysfunction and insulin resistance: an update. |journal=Endocrine Connections |date=March 2015 |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=R1–R15 |doi=10.1530/EC-14-0092 |pmid=25385852|pmc=4261703 }}</ref> If confirmed by rigorous studies, a link between mitochondrial disorders and reduced insulin sensitivity might pave the way to new therapeutic approaches.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sergi |first1=D |last2=Naumovski |first2=N |last3=Heilbronn |first3=LK |last4=Abeywardena |first4=M |last5=O'Callaghan |first5=N |last6=Lionetti |first6=L |last7=Luscombe-Marsh |first7=N |title=Mitochondrial (Dys)function and Insulin Resistance: From Pathophysiological Molecular Mechanisms to the Impact of Diet. |journal=Frontiers in Physiology |date=2019 |volume=10 |pages=532 |doi=10.3389/fphys.2019.00532 |pmid=31130874 |pmc=6510277 |doi-access=free }}</ref>