Editing Il Canto degli Italiani (section)

==Lyrics==
{{multiple image
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| image2            = Satellite image Sicily.jpg
| caption2          = [[Sicily]]
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[[File:Canto degli Italiani (1961 recording).ogg|thumb|Version sung by [[Mario Del Monaco]] in 1961]]
[[File:Canto degli Italiani (esecuzione integrale).ogg|thumb|Full sung version]]
[[File:National anthem of Italy - U.S. Navy Band (long version).ogg|thumb|[[United States Navy Band|U.S. Navy Band]] instrumental version (one verse and chorus)]]
This is the complete Italian anthem text, as commonly performed on official occasions. Goffredo Mameli's original poem includes neither repetitions nor the loud "{{lang|it|Sì!}}" ("Yes!") at the end of the chorus.

The first strophe presents a personification of Italy who is ready to war to become free, and shall be victorious as [[Roman Empire|Rome]] was in ancient times, "wearing" the helmet of [[Scipio Africanus]] who defeated [[Hannibal]] at the [[Battle of Zama|final battle]] of the [[Second Punic War]]. It also alludes to the ancient [[Roman Empire|Roman]] custom that slaves cut their hair short as a sign of servitude: hence the [[Victoria (mythology)|Goddess of Victory]] must cut her hair and enslave herself to [[Rome]] (to make Italy victorious).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.scudit.net/mdmameliinno.htm |title=Il testo dell'Inno di Mameli. Materiali didattici di Scuola d'Italiano Roma a cura di Roberto Tartaglione |language=it |publisher=Scudit.net |access-date=17 November 2013}}</ref>

In the second strophe the author complains that Italy has been a divided nation for a long time, and calls for unity. In this strophe [[Goffredo Mameli|Mameli]] uses three poetic and archaic words: {{lang|it|calpesti}} (modern Italian: {{lang|it|calpestati}}), {{lang|it|speme}} (modern {{lang|it|speranza}}), {{lang|it|raccolgaci}} (modern {{lang|it|ci raccolga}}).

The third strophe is an invocation to God to protect the loving union of the Italians struggling to unify their nation once and for all. The fourth strophe recalls popular heroic figures and moments of the Italian fight for independence: the [[battle of Legnano]], the defence of [[Florence]] led by [[Francesco Ferruccio|Ferruccio]] during the [[Italian Wars]], the riot started in [[Genoa]] by [[Balilla]], and the [[Sicilian Vespers]]. The fifth strophe unequivocally marks Habsburg Austria as the Italian cause's primary enemy. It also links the [[History of Poland (1795–1918)|Polish quest for independence]] to the Italian one.<ref name="quirinale" />

The sixth and final verse, almost never performed,<ref>{{Cite web|title=Il Canto degli Italiani|url=http://www.storico.org/risorgimento_italiano/canto_italiani.html|access-date=2021-12-08|website=www.storico.org}}</ref> is missing in Mameli's original draft but appears in his second manuscript. However, it was omitted in the first printed editions of the text on the leaflet.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Benedetti|first=Maurizio|date=2019|title=Il Canto degli Italiani: poesia di Goffredo Mameli, musica di Michele Novaro per canto e pianoforte|trans-title=Il Canto degli Italiani: poetry by Goffredo Mameli, music by Michele Novaro for voice and piano|url=https://www.conservatoriotorino.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2019_10_14_Benedetti_Il_Canto_degli_Italiani_stampabile.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111181321/https://www.conservatoriotorino.gov.it/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2019_10_14_Benedetti_Il_Canto_degli_Italiani_stampabile.pdf|archive-date=2020-11-11|publisher=Giuseppe Verdi Conservatory (Turin)|language=it}}</ref> The verse joyfully announces the unity of Italy and goes on to close the song with the same six lines that conclude the initial verse, thus giving the poem a circular structure.

{| class="wikitable"
!Italian lyrics<ref name=":0" />
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]] transcription as sung{{efn|See [[Help:IPA/Italian]] and [[Italian phonology]].}}
!English translation
|- style="vertical-align:top; white-space:nowrap;"
|<poem>{{lang|it|italic=no|'''I'''
Fratelli d'Italia,
l'Italia s'è desta,
dell'elmo di Scipio
s'è cinta la testa.
Dov'è la Vittoria?
Le porga la chioma,
ché schiava di Roma
Iddio la creò.

(repeat first stanza)

{{small|'''Coro:'''}}
𝄆 Stringiamci a coorte,
siam pronti alla morte.
Siam pronti alla morte,
l'Italia chiamò. 𝄇
Sì!

'''II'''
Noi fummo da secoli{{refn|group=N|A different [[Grammatical tense|tense]] may be found: {{lang|it|Noi siamo da secoli}}, "We have been for centuries".}}
calpesti, derisi,
perché non-siam popolo,
perché siam divisi.
Raccolgaci un'unica
bandiera, una speme:
di fonderci insieme
già l'ora suonò.

(repeat first stanza)

{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}

'''III'''
Uniamoci, amiamoci,{{refn|group=N|Occasionally written {{lang|it|Uniamoci, uniamoci}}, especially in older publications.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Arrivabene |first=conte Carlo |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=khRcAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA426 |title=I poeti italiani. Selections from the Italian poets, with biogr. notices by C. Arrivabene |date=1855 |page=426 |language=it}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cwdXAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA21 |title=Raccolta di poesie nazionali, dedicate agli Italiani del secolo XIX. [Edited by D. Oulif.] |date=1848 |page=21 |language=it}}</ref>}}
l'unione e l'amore
rivelano ai popoli
le vie del Signore.
Giuriamo far libero
il suolo natio:
uniti, per Dio,
chi vincer ci può?

(repeat first stanza)

{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}

'''IV'''
Dall'Alpi a Sicilia
dovunque è Legnano,
ogn'uom di Ferruccio
ha il core, ha la mano,{{refn|group=N|Often written {{lang|It|ha il core e la mano}},<ref>{{Cite web |title=Inno nazionale |url=https://presidenza.governo.it/ufficio_cerimoniale/cerimoniale/inno.html |access-date=2022-05-17 |website=Governo Italiano – Dipartimento per il Cerimoniale dello Stato}}</ref> especially in older publications.<ref name=":0" />{{rp|18}}<ref>{{Cite book |last=Castagna |first=Niccola |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gl-atuSTTxkC&pg=PA42 |title=Proverbi italiani raccolti e illustrati da Niccola Castagna |date=1866 |publisher=Metitiero |page=42 |language=it}}</ref>}}
i bimbi d'Italia
si chiaman Balilla,
il suon d'ogni squilla
i Vespri suonò.

(repeat first stanza)

{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}

'''V'''
Son giunchi che piegano
le spade vendute:
già l'Aquila d'Austria
le penne ha perdute.
Il sangue d'Italia,
il sangue Polacco,
bevé, col cosacco,
ma il cor le bruciò.{{refn|group=N|Occasionally written {{lang|it|ma il sen le bruciò}} ("but it burnt its breast"), especially in older publications.<ref>{{Cite book|last=VV|first=AA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=juiB9TlXksMC&pg=PT23|title=Gioventù ribelle: L'Italia del Risorgimento|date=2011-11-10|publisher=Gangemi Editore spa|isbn=978-88-492-7002-0|language=it|page=23}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Mameli|first=Goffredo|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dybmY18nJ8wC&pg=PA55|title=goffredo mameli|date=1927|publisher=Edizioni Mediterranee|language=it|page=55}}</ref>}}

(repeat first stanza)

{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}

'''VI'''
Evviva l'Italia,
dal sonno s'è desta,
dell'elmo di Scipio
s'è cinta la testa.
Dov'è la vittoria?!
Le porga la chioma,
ché schiava di Roma
Iddio la creò.

(repeat first stanza)

{{yesitalic|{{small|'''Coro'''}}}}}}</poem>
|<poem>{{IPA|wrap=none|'''1'''
[fraˈtɛl.li diˈtaːlja {{!}}]
[liˈtaːlja ˌsɛ‿dˈde.sta {{!}}]
[delˈlel.mo di‿ʃˈʃiːpjo]
[ˌsɛ‿tˈt͡ʃin.ta la ˈtɛ.sta ǁ]
[doˈvɛ‿l.la vitˈtɔːrja {{!}}]
[le ˈpɔr.ɡa la ˈkjɔːma {{!}}]
[ke ˈskjaːva di ˈroːma]
[idˈdiːo la kreˈɔ ǁ]

(repeat first stanza)


𝄆 [strinˈd͡ʒan.t͡ʃ‿a‿k.koˈor.te {{!}}]
[ˌsjam‿ˈpron.ti̯‿al.la ˈmɔr.te ǁ]
[ˌsjam‿ˈpron.ti̯‿al.la ˈmɔr.te {{!}}]
[liˈtaːlja kjaˈmɔ ǁ] 𝄇
[ˈsi]

'''2'''
[ˌnoi̯‿ˈfum.mo da(‿s.)ˈsɛːko.li]
[kalˈpe.sti {{!}} deˈriːzi {{!}}]
[perˈke‿n.non ˌsjam‿ˈpɔːpo.lo {{!}}]
[perˈke‿sˌsjan‿diˈviːzi ǁ]
[rakˈkɔl.ɡa.t͡ʃ‿uˈnuːni.ka]
[banˈdjɛ.ra(‿)u.na ˈspɛːme {{!}}]
[di ˈfon.der.t͡ʃ(i)‿inˈsjɛːme]
[ˌd͡ʒa‿lˈloːra swoˈnɔ ǁ]

(repeat first stanza)


'''3'''
[uˈnjaːmo.t͡ʃi {{!}} aˈmjaːmo.t͡ʃi {{!}}]
[luˈnjoːn‿e‿l.laˈmoːre]
[riˈveːla.no ai̯ ˈpɔːpo.li]
[le ˈviːe del siɲˈɲoːre ǁ]
[d͡ʒuˈrjaːmo ˌfar‿ˈliːbe.ro]
[il ˈswɔːlo naˈtiːo {{!}}]
[uˈniːti {{!}} per ˈdiːo {{!}}]
[ki‿vˈvin.t͡ʃer t͡ʃi ˈpwɔ ǁ]

(repeat first stanza)


'''4'''
[dalˈlal.pi̯‿a‿s.siˈt͡ʃiːlja]
[doˈvuŋ.kw(e)‿ˌɛ‿l.leɲˈɲaːno {{!}}]
[oɲˈɲwɔn‿di ferˈrut.t͡ʃo]
[ˌa‿i̯l ˈkɔːre {{!}} ˌa‿l.la ˈmaːno {{!}}]
[i ˈbim.bi diˈtaːlja]
[si ˈkjaːmam baˈlil.la {{!}}]
[il ˈswɔn ˌdoɲ.ɲi‿ˈskwil.la]
[i ˈvɛ.spri swoˈnɔ ǁ]

(repeat first stanza)


'''5'''
[ˌson‿ˈd͡ʒuŋ.ki ke‿pˈpjɛːɡa.no]
[le ˈspaːde venˈduːte {{!}}]
[ˌd͡ʒa‿lˈlaːkwi.la ˈdau̯.strja]
[le ˈpen.ne ˌa‿p.perˈduːte ǁ]
[il ˈsaŋ.ɡwe diˈtaːlja {{!}}]
[il ˈsaŋ.ɡwe poˈlak.ko {{!}}]
[beˈve {{!}} kol koˈzak.ko {{!}}]
[ma‿i̯l ˈkɔr le bruˈt͡ʃɔ ǁ]

(repeat first stanza)


'''6'''
[evˈviːva liˈtaːlja {{!}}]
[dal ˈsɔn.no ˌsɛ‿dˈde.sta {{!}}]
[delˈlel.mo di‿ʃˈʃiːpjo]
[ˌsɛ‿tˈt͡ʃin.ta la ˈtɛ.sta ǁ]
[doˈvɛ‿l.la vitˈtɔːrja {{!}}]
[le ˈpɔr.ɡa la ˈkjɔːma {{!}}]
[ke ˈskjaːva di ˈroːma]
[idˈdiːo la kreˈɔ ǁ]

(repeat first stanza)

}}</poem>
|<poem>'''I'''
Brothers of Italy,{{refn|group=N|The Italians belong to a single people and are therefore "brothers".<ref name=marconi/>}}
Italy has risen,{{refn|group=N|"Italy has woken up"; that is, it is ready to fight.<ref name="quirinale"/>}}
bound [[Scipio Africanus|Scipio's]] helmet{{refn|group=N|name=Scipio|[[Scipio Africanus]], winner of [[Battle of Zama]], exemplifies the [[Roman Republic]]'s recovery from defeats to valiantly and victoriously fight the enemy.<ref name="quirinale"/>}}
Upon her head.{{refn|group=N|name=head|Scipio's helmet, which Italy has now worn, is a symbol of the impending struggle against the [[Austrian Empire]] oppressor.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Where is [[Victoria (mythology)|Victory]]?{{refn|group=N|name=Victoria|The [[Victoria (mythology)|goddess Victoria]]. For a long time, the goddess Vittoria was closely linked to [[ancient Rome]], but now she is ready to dedicate herself to the new Italy for the series of wars that are necessary to drive the foreigners out of the national soil and unify the country.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Let her bow down,{{refn|group=N|name=hair|Literally "tender her hair". Ancient Rome cut slaves' hair to distinguish them from free women, so Victoria must consign her hair to Italy and become a "slave" of it.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Because as a slave of [[Roman Empire|Rome]]{{refn|group=N|name=slave|Ancient Rome made, with its conquests, the goddess Victoria "its slave".<ref name=quirinale/>}}
God did create her.{{refn|group=N|name=God|Ancient Rome was great by God's design.<ref name=quirinale/>}}

(repeat first stanza)

{{small|'''Chorus:'''}}
𝄆 Let us join in a [[Cohort (military unit)|cohort]],{{refn|group=N|Literally, "Let us tighten in a cohort," alluding to the combat unit of the [[ancient Roman army]]. This very strong military reference, reinforced by the appeal to the glory and military power of ancient Rome, once again calls all men to arms against the oppressor.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
we are ready for death.
We are ready for death,
Italy has called! 𝄇{{refn|group=N|This alludes to the call to arms of the Italian people with the aim of driving out the foreign ruler from national soil and [[Unification of Italy|unifying Italy]], still divided into pre-unification states.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Yes!{{refn|group=N|Not included in the original text, but always used at official occasions.<ref name="raistoria" />}}

'''II'''
We were for centuries
downtrodden, derided,
because we are not one people,
because we are divided.{{refn|group=N|Mameli underlines the fact that Italy, understood as the [[Italian peninsula|Italian region]], was not united. At the time (1847), in fact, it was still divided into nine states. For this reason, Italy had for centuries been often treated as a land of conquest.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Let one [[Flag of Italy|flag]], one hope
gather us all.{{refn|group=N|Italy, still divided among the pre-unification states, will finally gather under a single [[Flag of Italy|flag]], merging into one country.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
The hour has struck
for us to unite.

(repeat first stanza)

{{small|'''''Chorus'''''}}

'''III'''
Let us unite, let us love one another,
Union and love
Reveal to the peoples
The ways of the Lord.
Let us swear to set free
The land of our birth:
United, by God,
Who can overcome us?{{refn|group=N|The third verse, which is dedicated to the political thought of [[Giuseppe Mazzini]], founder of [[Young Italy (historical)|Young Italy]] and [[Young Europe]], incites the search for national unity through the help of [[divine providence]] and thanks to the participation of the entire Italian people finally united in a common intent.<ref name=quirinale/>}}

(repeat first stanza)

{{small|'''''Chorus'''''}}

'''IV'''
From the Alps to Sicily,
[[Battle of Legnano|Legnano is everywhere]];{{refn|group=N|In the [[Battle of Legnano]] of 29 May 1176, the [[Lombard League]] defeated [[Frederick Barbarossa]]; here, the event symbolizes the fight against foreign (Austrian) oppression. [[Legnano]] is the only city besides [[Rome]] mentioned in the anthem.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Every man hath the heart
and hand of [[Francesco Ferruccio|Ferruccio]]{{refn|group=N|[[Francesco Ferruccio]], defender of the [[Republic of Florence|Florentine Republic]]  during the [[Siege of Florence (1529–30)|1530 siege]] against the troops of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]], who sought to restore the [[House of Medici|Medici]] lordship. In this circumstance, the dying Ferruccio was cowardly finished with a stab by [[Fabrizio Maramaldo]], a captain of fortune in the service of Carlo V. "Vile, you kill a dead man", were the famous words of infamy that the hero addressed to his killer.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
The children of Italy
Are all called [[Giovan Battista Perasso|Balilla]];{{refn|group=N|Nickname of [[Balilla|Giovan Battista Perasso]], on 5 December 1746, began, after throwing a stone at an officer, the Genoese revolt that expulsed the occupying [[Archduchy of Austria]] from the city.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Every trumpet blast
soundeth the [[Sicilian Vespers|Vespers]].{{refn|group=N|The [[Sicilian Vespers]], an uprising against the French beginning on [[Easter Monday]] 1282, began with the signal of the city bells of [[Palermo]].<ref name=quirinale/>}}

(repeat first stanza)

{{small|'''''Chorus'''''}}

'''V'''
The mercenary swords
Are feeble reeds.{{refn|group=N|[[Mercenary|Mercenaries]], whose use is [[Anachronism|anachronistically]] attributed to the [[Austrian Empire]], are not valiant like the patriotic heroes but weak like rushes.<ref name=quirinale/>}}
Already the Eagle of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]]
Hath lost its plumes.{{refn|group=N|The [[Austrian Empire]] is in decline.{{sfn|Piazza|2010|p=22}}}}
The blood of Italy,
The blood of [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]]
It with Cossacks did drink,{{refn|group=N|[[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth|Poland]] had [[Partitions of Poland|had been dismembered]] by the [[Austrian Empire]] and its [[Russian Empire|Russian]] and [[Kingdom of Prussia|Prussian]] allies in living memory.<ref name="quirinale"/>}} 
But will burn its heart.{{refn|group=N|A wish and an omen: the blood of oppressed peoples, who will rise up against the Austrian Empire, will mark the end.<ref name="quirinale"/>}}

(repeat first stanza)

{{small|'''''Chorus'''''}}

'''VI'''
Long live Italy,
She has awoken from slumber,
bound Scipio's helmet{{refn|group=N|name=Scipio}}
Upon her head.{{refn|group=N|name=head}}
Where is Victory?{{refn|group=N|name=Victoria}}
Let her bow down,{{refn|group=N|name=hair}}
Because as a slave of Rome{{refn|group=N|name=slave}}
God did create her.{{refn|group=N|name=God}}

(repeat first stanza)

{{small|'''''Chorus'''''}}</poem>
|}