Editing Igor Stravinsky (section)

==== Illness and wartime collaborations ====
[[File:Igor_Stravinski_6_slika_1915_žak_emil_blanš_(cropped).jpg|alt=Painting of Stravinsky standing in a field holding a coat and cane|thumb|Portrait of Igor Stravinsky by [[Jacques-Émile Blanche]] (1915)|left]]
Soon after, Stravinsky was admitted to a hospital for [[typhoid fever]] and stayed in recovery for five weeks; numerous colleagues visited him, including Debussy, [[Manuel de Falla]], [[Maurice Ravel]],{{Efn|In early 1913, Stravinsky and Ravel collaborated on a completion of Mussorgsky's unfinished opera ''[[Khovanshchina]]'' as commissioned by Diaghilev, but Stravinsky's illness prevented him from attending the premiere. Later in life, Stravinsky criticized the arrangement, writing that he was opposed to rearranging the work of another artist, especially one of such prestige as Mussorgsky.{{sfn|White|1979|pp=544–545}}}} and [[Florent Schmitt]]. Upon returning to his family in Ustilug, he continued work on his opera ''The Nightingale'', with an official commission from the Moscow Free Theatre.{{Sfn|Walsh|2001|loc=3. The early Diaghilev ballets, 1910–14}}{{Sfn|Stravinsky|1936|p=50}} In early 1914, his wife Yekaterina contracted [[tuberculosis]] and was admitted to a sanatorium in [[Leysin]], Switzerland, where the couple's fourth child, Maria Milena, was born.{{Sfn|White|1979|p=47}} Here Stravinsky finished ''The Nightingale'', but after the Moscow Free Theatre closed before the premiere, Diaghilev agreed to stage the opera.{{Sfn|V. Stravinsky|Craft|1978|pp=111, 113}} The May 1914 premiere was moderately successful; critics' high expectations after the tumultuous ''Rite of Spring'' were not met, though fellow composers were impressed by the music's emotion and free treatment of [[counterpoint]] and [[Theme (music)|themes]].{{sfn|V. Stravinsky|Craft|1978|pp=119–120}}

In early July 1914, while his family resided in Switzerland near his sick wife, the composer traveled to Russia to retrieve texts for his next work, a ballet-cantata depicting [[Russian wedding traditions]] titled {{Lang|fr|[[Les noces]]}}. Soon after he returned, [[World War I]] began, and the Stravinskys lived in Switzerland until 1920,{{Efn|The subsequent [[Russian Revolution]] in 1917 made it dangerous for Stravinsky to return to Russia, and he never did except for a brief visit in 1962.{{sfn|White|1979|pp=145–146}}}} initially residing in Clarens and later [[Morges]].{{sfn|V. Stravinsky|Craft|1978|pp=132, 136}}{{Sfn|White|1979|pp=49–50}}{{Sfn|Walsh|2001|loc=4. Exile in Switzerland, 1914–20}} During the first months of the war, the composer intensely researched Russian folk poetry and prepared librettos for numerous works to be composed in the coming years, including ''{{Lang|fr|Les noces}}'', ''[[Renard (Stravinsky)|Renard]]'', {{Lang|fr|[[Pribaoutki]]}}, and other [[song cycle]]s.{{Sfn|White|1979|p=51}} Stravinsky met numerous Swiss-French artists during his time in Morges, including the author [[C. F. Ramuz|Charles F. Ramuz]], with whom he collaborated on the small-scale theater work ''{{Lang|fr|[[L'Histoire du soldat]]}}''. The eleven-musician and two-dancer show was designed for easy travel, but after a premiere run funded by [[Werner Reinhart]], all other performances were canceled due to the [[Spanish flu epidemic]].{{Sfn|Walsh|2001|loc=4. Exile in Switzerland, 1914–20}}

Stravinsky's income from performance [[royalties]] was suddenly cut off when his Germany-based publisher suspended operations due to the war.{{Sfn|White|1979|p=54}} To keep his family afloat, the composer sold numerous manuscripts and accepted commissions from wealthy impresarios; one such commission included ''Renard'', a theater work completed in 1916 upon a request from [[Princesse Edmond de Polignac]].{{sfn|V. Stravinsky|Craft|1978|pp=137–138}} Additionally, Stravinsky made a new concert suite from ''The Firebird'' and sold it to a London publisher in an attempt to regain copyright control over the ballet.{{Efn|Stravinsky's early works were published by Moscow-based firms, but because Russia was not a signatory to the [[Berne Convention]] on international copyright regulations, many of his works composed before gaining French citizenship in 1931 (including ''The Firebird'') were not protected by copyright outside of Russia.{{sfn|Walsh|1999|p=191}}{{sfn|White|1979|p=107}}}}{{Sfn|Walsh|2001|loc=4. Exile in Switzerland, 1914–20}} Diaghilev continued to organize Ballets Russes shows across Europe, including two charity concerts for the [[Red Cross]] where Stravinsky made his conducting debut with ''The Firebird''.{{Sfn|Boucourechliev|1987|p=119}} When the Ballets Russes traveled to Rome in April 1917, Stravinsky met the artist [[Pablo Picasso]], and the two adventured around Italy; a {{Lang|fr|[[commedia dell'arte]]}} they saw in Naples inspired the ballet ''[[Pulcinella (ballet)|Pulcinella]]'',{{Efn|''Pulcinella''{{'}}s score is an arrangement of music by 18th-century Italian composers [[Giovanni Battista Pergolesi]], [[Domenico Gallo]], [[Fortunato Chelleri]], and [[Alessandro Parisotti]].{{sfn|Boucourechliev|1987|p=139}}}} which premiered in Paris in May 1920 with designs by Picasso.{{Sfn|Walsh|2001|loc=4. Exile in Switzerland, 1914–20}}{{Sfn|Boucourechliev|1987|p=139}}