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===Secondary hypertension=== {{Main|Secondary hypertension}} Secondary hypertension results from an identifiable cause. Kidney disease is the most common secondary cause of hypertension.<ref name="ABC"/> Hypertension can also be caused by endocrine conditions, such as [[Cushing's syndrome]], [[hyperthyroidism]], [[hypothyroidism]], [[acromegaly]], [[Conn's syndrome]] or [[hyperaldosteronism]], [[renal artery stenosis]] (from [[atherosclerosis]] or [[fibromuscular dysplasia]]), [[hyperparathyroidism]], and [[pheochromocytoma]].<ref name="ABC"/><ref>{{cite book|vauthors=Dluhy RG, Williams GH|title=Williams textbook of endocrinology|year=1998|publisher=W.B. Saunders|location=Philadelphia; Montreal|isbn=978-0-7216-6152-0|edition=9th|chapter=Endocrine hypertension|veditors=Wilson JD, Foster DW, Kronenberg HM|pages=729β749|chapter-url-access=registration|chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/williamstextbook00wils}}</ref> Other causes of secondary hypertension include [[obesity]], [[sleep apnea]], [[pregnancy]], [[coarctation of the aorta]], excessive eating of [[liquorice]], excessive drinking of alcohol, certain prescription medicines, herbal remedies, and [[stimulants]] such as [[cocaine]] and [[methamphetamine]].<ref name="ABC"/><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Grossman E, Messerli FH | title = Drug-induced hypertension: an unappreciated cause of secondary hypertension | journal = The American Journal of Medicine | volume = 125 | issue = 1 | pages = 14β22 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22195528 | doi = 10.1016/j.amjmed.2011.05.024 }}</ref> A 2018 review found that any alcohol increased blood pressure in males while over one or two drinks increased the risk in females.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Roerecke M, Tobe SW, Kaczorowski J, Bacon SL, Vafaei A, Hasan OS, Krishnan RJ, Raifu AO, Rehm J | title = Sex-Specific Associations Between Alcohol Consumption and Incidence of Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cohort Studies | journal = Journal of the American Heart Association | volume = 7 | issue = 13 | pages = e008202 | date = June 2018 | pmid = 29950485 | pmc = 6064910 | doi = 10.1161/JAHA.117.008202 }}</ref>
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