Editing Hydrocodone (section)

====Absorption====
Hydrocodone is only pharmaceutically available as an [[oral administration|oral]] medication.<ref name="ElliottSmith2016" /> It is well-[[absorption (pharmacokinetics)|absorbed]], but the oral [[bioavailability]] of hydrocodone is only approximately 25%.<ref name="FiresteinBudd2016" /><ref name="ChabnerLongo2010" /> The [[onset of action]] of hydrocodone via this route is 10 to 20&nbsp;minutes, with a peak effect ([[Tmax (pharmacology)|T<sub>max</sub>]]) occurring at 30 to 60&nbsp;minutes,<ref name="King2010" /> and it has a duration of 4 to 8 hours.<ref name="ElliottSmith2016" /> The FDA label for immediate-release hydrocodone with acetaminophen does not include any information on the influence of food on its absorption or other pharmacokinetics.<ref name="Norco-FDA-Label-2019">[https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/040099s023lbl.pdf Hydrocodone Bitartrate and Acetaminophen Tablets, USP 5 mg/325 mg CII] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240222220916/https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2019/040099s023lbl.pdf |date=22 February 2024 }} fda.gov</ref> Conversely, coadministration with a high-fat meal increases peak concentrations of different formulations of extended-release hydrocodone by 14 to 54%, whereas [[area-under-the-curve levels]] are not notably affected.<ref name="pmid28635354">{{cite journal | vauthors = Raffa RB, Colucci R, Pergolizzi JV | title = The effects of food on opioid-induced nausea and vomiting and pharmacological parameters: a systematic review | journal = Postgraduate Medicine | volume = 129 | issue = 7 | pages = 698–708 | date = September 2017 | pmid = 28635354 | doi = 10.1080/00325481.2017.1345282 | s2cid = 46184629 }}</ref><ref name="pmid28948482">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bond M, Rabinovich-Guilatt L, Selim S, Darwish M, Tracewell W, Robertson P, Yang R, Malamut R, Colucci P, Ducharme MP, Spiegelstein O | display-authors = 6 | title = Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Single- and Multiple-Dose Hydrocodone Extended Release in Healthy Subjects | journal = Clinical Drug Investigation | volume = 37 | issue = 12 | pages = 1153–1163 | date = December 2017 | pmid = 28948482 | doi = 10.1007/s40261-017-0575-3 | s2cid = 32440860 }}</ref><ref name="pmid25653563">{{cite journal | vauthors = Farr SJ, Robinson CY, Rubino CM | title = Effects of food and alcohol on the pharmacokinetics of an oral, extended-release formulation of hydrocodone in healthy volunteers | journal = Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 7 | issue = | pages = 1–9 | date = 2015 | pmid = 25653563 | pmc = 4307648 | doi = 10.2147/CPAA.S70831 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid26614499">{{cite journal | vauthors = Devarakonda K, Kostenbader K, Giuliani MJ, Young JL | title = Single-dose pharmacokinetics of 2 or 3 tablets of biphasic immediate-release/extended-release hydrocodone bitartrate/acetaminophen (MNK-155) under fed and fasted conditions: two randomized open-label trials | journal = BMC Pharmacology & Toxicology | volume = 16 | issue = | pages = 31 | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26614499 | pmc = 4662814 | doi = 10.1186/s40360-015-0032-y | doi-access = free }}</ref>