Editing Hutu (section)

==Post-colonial history==
[[File:Juvénal Habyarimana (1980).jpg|thumb|[[Juvénal Habyarimana]], Hutu president of Rwanda from 1973 to 1994]]
{{Hutu militants}}
The Belgian-sponsored [[Rwandan monarchy|Tutsi monarchy]] survived until 1959 when [[Kigeli V of Rwanda|Kigeli V]] was exiled from the colony (then called [[Ruanda-Urundi]]). In Burundi, Tutsis, who are the minority, maintained control of the government and military. In Rwanda, the political power was transferred from the minority Tutsi to the majority Hutu.<ref>{{cite book |last=Adekunle |first=Julius |date=2007 |title=Culture and Customs of Rwanda |publisher=Greenwood |isbn=978-0-3133-3177-0 |page=17 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8ByAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1}}</ref>

In Rwanda, this led [[Wind of destruction|to the "Social revolution"]] and Hutu and Tutsis conflicts. Tens of thousands of Tutsis were killed, and many others fled to neighboring countries, such as Burundi, [[Uganda]], and forming the [[Banyamulenge]] Tutsi ethnic group in the South Kivu region of the [[Belgian Congo]]. Later, exiled Tutsis from Burundi invaded Rwanda, prompting Rwanda to close its border to Burundi.

In [[Burundi]], [[Ikiza|a campaign of genocide]] was conducted against the Hutu population in 1972,<ref>{{cite book |first1=Michael |last1=Bowen |first2=Gary |last2=Freeman |first3=Kay |last3=Miller |title=Passing by; The United States and genocide in Burundi, 1972 |publisher=Carnegie Endowment for International Peace |date=1973 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BKRGAAAAMAAJ&pg=PP1}}</ref><ref>René Lemarchand, ''Selective genocide in Burundi'' (Report - Minority Rights Group; no. 20, 1974), 36 pp.</ref><ref>Rene Lemarchand, ''Burundi: Ethnic Conflict and Genocide'' (New York: Woodrow Wilson Center and [[Cambridge University Press]], 1996), 232 pp.
*Edward L. Nyankanzi, ''Genocide: Rwanda and Burundi'' (Schenkman Books, 1998), 198 pp.</ref><ref>Christian P. Scherrer, ''Genocide and crisis in Central Africa: conflict roots, mass violence, and regional war''; foreword by [[Robert Melson (political scientist)|Robert Melson]]. Westport, Conn.: Praeger, 2002.</ref><ref>Weissman, Stephen R. "[http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/pwks22.html Preventing Genocide in Burundi Lessons from International Diplomacy] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090311024548/http://www.usip.org/pubs/peaceworks/pwks22.html |date=2009-03-11 }}", [[United States Institute of Peace]]
</ref> and an estimated 100,000 Hutus died.<ref name="allan.stam.googlepages.com">{{Cite web |url=http://allan.stam.googlepages.com/Rwandaoped0405042.pdf |title=Rwanda 1994: Genocide + Politicide, Christian Davenport and Allan Stam |access-date=2007-10-22 |archive-date=2009-03-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090325170615/http://allan.stam.googlepages.com/Rwandaoped0405042.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> In 1993, Burundi's first democratically elected president, [[Melchior Ndadaye]], who was Hutu, was believed to be assassinated by Tutsi officers, as was the person constitutionally entitled to succeed him.<ref>International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi: Final Report. Part III: Investigation of the Assassination. Conclusions at [http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/burundi_coi/burundi_coi1996pt3.html#VII USIP.org] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201132151/http://www.usip.org/library/tc/doc/reports/burundi_coi/burundi_coi1996pt3.html |date=2008-12-01 }}</ref> This sparked [[1993 ethnic violence in Burundi|a counter-genocide in Burundi]] between Hutu political structures and the Tutsi military, in which an estimated 500,000 Burundians died.{{Citation needed|date=July 2008}} There were many mass killings of Tutsis and moderate Hutus; these events were deemed to be a genocide by the United Nations International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi.<ref name="ICIBFR-496">International Commission of Inquiry for Burundi (2002)</ref>

While Tutsis remained in control of Burundi, the conflict resulted in [[genocide in Rwanda]] as well.<ref name="HRW-2">{{cite web |url= https://www.hrw.org/reports/1999/rwanda/Geno1-3-09.htm#P233_103259|year= 1999 |title= The Hutu Revolution| publisher = Human Rights Watch| access-date=2006-10-31}}</ref> A Tutsi rebel group, the [[Rwandan Patriotic Front]], came back in Rwanda (There country) from Uganda, which started hatred against the Tutsi people  in 1990. A peace agreement was signed, but violence erupted again, culminating in the [[Rwandan genocide]] of 1994, when Hutu extremists killed<ref name="PBS">{{cite web| url = https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/evil/etc/slaughter.html| title = Timeline of the genocide| access-date = 2006-12-30| publisher = PBS}}</ref> an estimated 1M Rwandans, (Tutsis).<ref name="BBC">{{cite news | title = How the genocide happened | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1288230.stm | publisher = BBC| date = 2004-04-01| access-date = 2006-10-31 }}</ref>

About 30% of the Twa pygmy population of Rwanda were also killed by the Hutu extremists.<ref name="irin">{{cite news | title = Minorities Under Siege: Pygmies today in Africa | url = http://www.irinnews.org/webspecials/pygmy/52529.asp | publisher = UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs | year = 2006 | access-date = 2006-12-11 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061201053605/http://www.irinnews.org/webspecials/pygmy/52529.asp | archive-date = 2006-12-01 }}</ref> At the same time, the Rwandan Patriotic Front took control of the country and is still the ruling party {{as of|2020|lc=1}}. Burundi is also currently governed by a former rebel group, the Hutu [[National Council for the Defense of Democracy-Forces for the Defense of Democracy|CNDD–FDD]].

{{As of|2006}}, violence between the Hutu and Tutsi had subsided, but the situation in both Rwanda and Burundi was still tense, and tens of thousands of Rwandans were still living outside the country (see [[Great Lakes refugee crisis]]).<ref name="ciarw"/>