Editing Hunan (section)

==Demographics==
[[File:Ethnic minorities areas in Hunan.png|thumb|upright=0.9|Ethnic minority-inhabited areas in Hunan|alt=|left]]
{{Historical populations
|title       = Historical population
|1912<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1912年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|website=Ier.hit-u.ac.jp|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032922/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo2.html|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref>  |27,617,000
|1928<ref>{{cite web|script-title=ja:1928年中国人口|url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|website=Ier.hit-u.ac.jp|access-date=6 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032924/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo3.htm|archive-date=24 September 2015|url-status=live}}</ref> |31,501,000
|1936-37<ref>{{cite web |script-title=ja:1936-37年中国人口 |url=http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm |website=Ier.hit-u.ac.jp |access-date=6 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924032925/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo4.htm |archive-date=24 September 2015 |url-status=live }}</ref> |28,294,000
|1947<ref>{{cite web |script-title= ja:1947年全国人口 |url= http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm |website= Ier.hit-u.ac.jp |access-date= 6 March 2014 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130913053600/http://www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/COE/Japanese/discussionpapers/DP97.9/fhyo5.htm |archive-date= 13 September 2013 |url-status= live }}</ref> |25,558,000
|1954<ref name="census1954">{{cite web |url= http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于第一次全国人口调查登记结果的公报 |publisher= [[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090805174810/http://www.stats.gov.cn/TJGB/RKPCGB/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16767.htm |archive-date=August 5, 2009 }}</ref> |33,226,954
|1964<ref name="census1964">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |script-title=zh:第二次全国人口普查结果的几项主要统计数字 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120914173158/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16768.htm |archive-date=September 14, 2012 }}</ref> |37,182,286
|1982<ref name="census1982">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九八二年人口普查主要数字的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120510075429/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16769.htm |archive-date=May 10, 2012 }}</ref> |54,008,851
|1990<ref name="census1990">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |script-title=zh:中华人民共和国国家统计局关于一九九〇年人口普查主要数据的公报 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619002216/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020404_16772.htm |archive-date=June 19, 2012 }}</ref> |60,659,754
|2000<ref name="census2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |script-title=zh:现将2000年第五次全国人口普查快速汇总的人口地区分布数据公布如下 |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120829052024/http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20020331_15435.htm |archive-date=August 29, 2012 }}</ref> |63,274,173
|2010<ref name="census2010">{{cite web|url=http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |title=Communiqué of the National Bureau of Statistics of People's Republic of China on Major Figures of the 2010 Population Census |publisher=[[National Bureau of Statistics of China]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130727021210/http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/newsandcomingevents/t20110429_402722516.htm |archive-date=July 27, 2013 }}</ref> |65,683,722
|2020<ref name=cens/>|66444864
}}
As of the 2000 [[census]], the population of Hunan is 64,400,700 consisting of forty-one [[List of Chinese ethnic groups|ethnic group]]s. Its population grew 6.17% (3,742,700) from its 1990 levels. According to the census, 89.79% (57,540,000) identified themselves as [[Han Chinese]] and 10.21% (6,575,300) as [[minority group]]s. The minority groups are [[Tujia people|Tujia]], [[Hmong people|Miao]], [[Dong people|Dong]], [[Yao people|Yao]], [[Bai people|Bai]], [[Hui people|Hui]], [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]], [[Uyghur people|Uyghurs]] and so on.

In Hunan, ethnic minority languages are spoken in the following prefectures.

*[[Xiangxi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture]]: [[Qo Xiong language]], [[Tujia language]]
*[[Huaihua]]: [[Qo Xiong language]], [[Dong language (China)|Dong language]], [[Hm Nai language]], [[Hmu language]]
*[[Shaoyang]]: [[Maojia dialect|Maojia language]], [[Hm Nai language]], [[Pa-Hng language]], [[Badong Yao language]]
*[[Yongzhou]]: [[Iu Mien language|Mien language]], [[Biao Min language]]
*[[Chenzhou]]: [[Dzao Min language]]

{{Pie chart
|caption = Religion in Hunan<ref name="Wang2015">China General Social Survey 2009, Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) 2007. Report by: [https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 Xiuhua Wang (2015, p. 15)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150925123928/https://baylor-ir.tdl.org/baylor-ir/bitstream/handle/2104/9326/WANG-THESIS-2015.pdf?sequence=1 |date=September 25, 2015 }}</ref>{{refn|group=note|The data was collected by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of 2009 and by the Chinese Spiritual Life Survey (CSLS) of 2007, reported and assembled by Xiuhua Wang (2015)<ref name="Wang2015"/> in order to confront the proportion of people identifying with two similar social structures: ① Christian churches, and ② the traditional Chinese religion of the lineage (i. e. people believing and worshipping ancestral deities often organised into [[Chinese lineage associations|lineage "churches"]] and [[ancestral shrine]]s). Data for other religions with a significant presence in China (deity cults, Buddhism, Taoism, folk religious sects, Islam, et al.) was not reported by Wang.}}
|label1 = [[Chinese Buddhism]]，[[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese folk religion]]s
|value1 = 20.19
|color1 = FireBrick
|label2 = [[Christianity]]
|value2 = 0.77
|color2 = DodgerBlue
|label3 = Other religions or not religious people{{refn|group=note|This may include:
* [[Buddhism|Buddhists]];
* [[Confucianism|Confucians]];
* [[Chinese folk religion|Deity worshippers]];
* [[Taoism|Taoists]];
* Members of [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]];
* Small minorities of [[Muslim]]s;
* And people not bounded to, nor practicing any, institutional or diffuse religion.}}
|value3 = 79.04
|color3 = Honeydew
}}

===Hunanese Uyghurs===
Around 5,000 Uyghurs live around [[Taoyuan County, Hunan|Taoyuan County]] and other parts of [[Changde]].<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=905wAAAAMAAJ&q=Uighurs+also+mention+the+5000+Uighurs+sent+to+Hunan+during+the+Ming+dynasty+who+today+live+in+Taoyuan+county,+northwest+of+Changsha+.+3+On+the+Dolans+see+Svanberg+1989.+Tor+linguistic+differences+among+the+Uighurs+see+Hahn|title=Bones in the sand: the struggle to create Uighur nationalist ideologies in Xinjiang, China|author=stin Jon Rudelson, Justin Ben-Adam Rudelson|year=1992|publisher=Harvard University|page=30|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529030237/http://books.google.com/books?id=905wAAAAMAAJ&q=Uighurs+also+mention+the+5000+Uighurs+sent+to+Hunan+during+the+Ming+dynasty+who+today+live+in+Taoyuan+county,+northwest+of+Changsha+.+3+On+the+Dolans+see+Svanberg+1989.+Tor+linguistic+differences+among+the+Uighurs+see+Hahn&dq=Uighurs+also+mention+the+5000+Uighurs+sent+to+Hunan+during+the+Ming+dynasty+who+today+live+in+Taoyuan+county,+northwest+of+Changsha+.+3+On+the+Dolans+see+Svanberg+1989.+Tor+linguistic+differences+among+the+Uighurs+see+Hahn&hl=en&ei=rRi9TKPaL8L6lwfJ5Zm1DQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA|archive-date=2013-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuEyAAAAIAAJ&q=taoyuan|title=The Altaic-speakers of China: numbers and distribution|author=Ingvar Svanberg|year=1988|publisher=Centre for Mult[i]ethnic Research, Uppsala University, Faculty of Arts|isbn=91-86624-20-2|page=7|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528231903/http://books.google.com/books?ei=nw-9TPmTPMXflgfYjpWPDQ&ct=result&id=UuEyAAAAIAAJ&dq=taoyuan+uyghur&q=taoyuan|archive-date=2013-05-28|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UuEyAAAAIAAJ&q=Uighurs+are+the+largest+Turkic-speaking+Muslim+people+of+China.+Most+of+them+live+within+the+Xinjiang+Uighur+Autonomous+Region.+An+isolated+group+of+Uighurs+lives,+however,+in+Taoyuan+and+Changde+xian+of+the+Hunan+province.|title=The Altaic-speakers of China: numbers and distribution|author=Ingvar Svanberg|year=1988|publisher=Centre for Mult[i]ethnic Research, Uppsala University, Faculty of Arts|isbn=91-86624-20-2|page=7|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529041548/http://books.google.com/books?id=UuEyAAAAIAAJ&q=Uighurs+are+the+largest+Turkic-speaking+Muslim+people+of+China.+Most+of+them+live+within+the+Xinjiang+Uighur+Autonomous+Region.+An+isolated+group+of+Uighurs+lives,+however,+in+Taoyuan+and+Changde+xian+of+the+Hunan+province.&dq=Uighurs+are+the+largest+Turkic-speaking+Muslim+people+of+China.+Most+of+them+live+within+the+Xinjiang+Uighur+Autonomous+Region.+An+isolated+group+of+Uighurs+lives,+however,+in+Taoyuan+and+Changde+xian+of+the+Hunan+province.&hl=en&ei=Ac-8TNDzIoH7lweZ-N3LDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCUQ6AEwAA|archive-date=2013-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlaBw3MUGBEC&q=taoyuan+uighur+hunan&pg=PA220|title=Muslim cultures today: a reference guide|author=Kathryn M. Coughlin|year=2006|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=0-313-32386-0|page=220|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529015017/http://books.google.com/books?id=UlaBw3MUGBEC&pg=PA220&dq=taoyuan+uighur+hunan&hl=en&ei=WhW9TKTQOsT_lgeip5nMDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CCQQ6AEwADgo#v=snippet&q=taoyuan%20uighur%20hunan&f=false|archive-date=2013-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Hui people|Hui]] and Uyghurs have intermarried in this area.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ePxMW066j8C&q=jian+uyghur+hunan&pg=PA133|title=Negotiating ethnicity in China: citizenship as a response to the state|author=[[Chih-yu Shih]], Zhiyu Shi|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=0-415-28372-8|page=133|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213230614/http://books.google.com/books?id=8ePxMW066j8C&pg=PA133&dq=jian+uyghur+hunan&hl=en&ei=-BO9TJ3BK4SBlAfLxZ2GDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ|archive-date=2011-12-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ePxMW066j8C&q=uygurs+hunan+10%2C000+xinjiang+islam&pg=PA133|title=Negotiating ethnicity in China: citizenship as a response to the state|author=Chih-yu Shih, Zhiyu Shi|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=0-415-28372-8|page=137|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213230614/http://books.google.com/books?id=8ePxMW066j8C&pg=PA133&dq=jian+uyghur+hunan&hl=en&ei=-BO9TJ3BK4SBlAfLxZ2GDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=snippet&q=uygurs%20hunan%2010%2C000%20xinjiang%20islam&f=false|archive-date=2011-12-13|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8ePxMW066j8C&q=senior+master+elder+mosque+uygur+allah+customs+koran&pg=PA133|title=Negotiating ethnicity in China: citizenship as a response to the state|author=Chih-yu Shih, Zhiyu Shi|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=0-415-28372-8|page=138|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111213230614/http://books.google.com/books?id=8ePxMW066j8C&pg=PA133&dq=jian+uyghur+hunan&hl=en&ei=-BO9TJ3BK4SBlAfLxZ2GDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDMQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=senior%20master%20elder%20mosque%20uygur%20allah%20customs%20koran&f=false|archive-date=2011-12-13|url-status=live}}</ref> In addition to eating pork, the Uygurs of Changde practice other Han Chinese customs, like [[Ancestor veneration in China|ancestor worship]] at graves. Some Uyghurs from [[Xinjiang]] visit the Hunan Uyghurs out of curiosity or interest.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rhxU662vQsC&q=uygur+ancestor+worship+family+graveyard+changde+xinjiang+jian+hunan+stimulated&pg=PA121|title=Negotiating ethnicity in China: citizenship as a response to the state|author=Chih-yu Shih, Zhiyu Shi|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=0-415-28372-8|page=136|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529014449/http://books.google.com/books?id=0rhxU662vQsC&pg=PA121&vq=uygurs+intermarriage+with+muslims&dq=taoyuan+uighur+hunan&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=2#v=onepage&q=uygur%20ancestor%20worship%20family%20graveyard%20changde%20xinjiang%20jian%20hunan%20stimulated&f=false|archive-date=2013-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref> The Uyghurs of Hunan do not speak the [[Uyghur language]], instead, Mandarin Chinese is spoken as their native language.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0rhxU662vQsC&q=no+uygurs+in+changde+speak+arabic|title=Negotiating ethnicity in China: citizenship as a response to the state|author=Chih-yu Shih, Zhiyu Shi|year=2002|publisher=Psychology Press|isbn=0-415-28372-8|page=133|access-date=2010-06-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130529001653/http://books.google.com/books?id=0rhxU662vQsC&dq=taoyuan+uighur+hunan&q=speak+arabic#v=snippet&q=no%20uygurs%20in%20changde%20speak%20arabic&f=false|archive-date=2013-05-29|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{see also|Christianity in Hunan}}
The predominant religions in Hunan are [[Chinese Buddhism]], [[Taoism|Taoist traditions]] and [[Chinese folk religion]]s. According to surveys conducted in 2007 and 2009, 20.19% of the population believes and is involved in [[Chinese ancestral religion|ancestor veneration]], while 0.77% of the population identifies as Christian.<ref name="Wang2015"/> The reports didn't give figures for other types of religion; 79.04% of the population may be either irreligious or involved in [[Chinese folk religion|worship of nature deities]], Buddhism, [[Confucianism]], Taoism, [[Chinese salvationist religions|folk religious sects]].

In 2010, there are 118.799 [[Muslims]] in Hunan.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muslim in China, Muslim Population & Distribution & Minority in China|url=https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-china.htm|access-date=2021-08-04|website=www.topchinatravel.com|archive-date=2021-11-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211103193156/https://www.topchinatravel.com/china-muslim/muslim-in-china.htm|url-status=live}}</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px" style="text-align:left">
File:Puguang chansi 0152.jpg|Puguang Buddhist Temple in [[Zhangjiajie]].
File:Confucius Temple of Liuyang 01.jpg|[[Temple of Confucius]] in [[Liuyang]].
File:Hunan traditional temple front.jpg|An [[ancestral shrine]] in the province.
</gallery>