Editing Holographic principle (section)

==Experimental tests==
[[File:Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory - Holographic Noise Chart.png|thumb|upright=1.8|This plot shows the sensitivity of various experiments to fluctuations in space and time. Horizontal axis is the log of apparatus size (or duration time the speed of light), in meters; vertical axis is the log of the rms fluctuation amplitude in the same units. The lower left corner represents the Planck length or time. In these units, the size of the observable universe is about 26. Various physical systems and experiments are plotted. The "holographic noise" line represents the rms transverse holographic fluctuation amplitude on a given scale.]]
The [[Fermilab]] physicist [[Craig Hogan]] claims that the holographic principle would imply quantum fluctuations in spatial position<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hogan |first=Craig J. |year=2008 |title=Measurement of quantum fluctuations in geometry |journal=[[Physical Review D]] |volume=77 |issue=10 |page=104031 |arxiv=0712.3419 |bibcode=2008PhRvD..77j4031H |doi=10.1103/PhysRevD.77.104031 |s2cid=119087922}}</ref> that would lead to apparent background noise or "holographic noise" measurable at gravitational wave detectors, in particular [[GEO 600]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Chown|first=Marcus|title=Our world may be a giant hologram|newspaper=NewScientist|date=15 January 2009|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20126911.300|access-date=2010-04-19}}</ref> However these claims have not been widely accepted, or cited, among quantum gravity researchers and appear to be in direct conflict with string theory calculations.<ref>"Consequently, he ends up with inequalities of the type... Except that one may look at the actual equations of Matrix theory and see that none of these commutators is nonzero... The last displayed inequality above obviously can't be a consequence of quantum gravity because it doesn't depend on G at all! However, in the G→0 limit, one must reproduce non-gravitational physics in the flat Euclidean background spacetime. Hogan's rules don't have the right limit so they can't be right." – [[Luboš Motl]], [http://motls.blogspot.com/2012/02/hogans-holographic-noise-doesnt-exist.html Hogan's holographic noise doesn't exist], 7 February 2012.</ref>

Analyses in 2011 of measurements of gamma ray burst [[GRB 041219A]] in 2004 by the [[INTEGRAL]] space observatory launched in 2002 by the [[European Space Agency]], shows that Craig Hogan's noise is absent down to a scale of 10<sup>−48</sup>&nbsp;meters, as opposed to the scale of 10<sup>−35</sup>&nbsp;meters predicted by Hogan, and the scale of 10<sup>−16</sup>&nbsp;meters found in measurements of the [[GEO 600]] instrument.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Integral_challenges_physics_beyond_Einstein|title=Integral challenges physics beyond Einstein|date=30 June 2011|publisher=[[European Space Agency]]|access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref> Research continued at Fermilab under Hogan as of 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://holometer.fnal.gov/faq.html|title=Frequently Asked Questions for the Holometer at Fermilab|date=6 July 2013|access-date=14 February 2014}}</ref>

[[Jacob Bekenstein]] claimed to have found a way to test the holographic principle with a tabletop photon experiment.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.nature.com/news/single-photon-could-detect-quantum-scale-black-holes-1.11871|title=Single photon could detect quantum-scale black holes|last=Cowen|first=Ron|date=22 November 2012|work=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|access-date=3 February 2013}}</ref>