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====Post-World War II==== The war facilitated economic growth in Hoboken, as the many industries located in the city were crucial to the war effort. As men went off to battle, more women were hired in the factories, some (most notably, [[Vigor Shipyards|Todd Shipyards]]), offering classes and other incentives to them. Though some returning service men took advantage of GI housing bills, many with strong ethnic and familial ties chose to stay in town. During the 1950s, the economy was still driven by Todd Shipyards, [[Maxwell House]],<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Talk of the Town: Good to the Last Drop |magazine=[[The New Yorker]] |date=November 20, 1989 |url=http://archives.newyorker.com/?i=1989-11-20#folio=044 |access-date=February 14, 2011 |archive-date=July 14, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110714175126/http://archives.newyorker.com/?i=1989-11-20#folio=044 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Lipton Tea]], [[Hostess (brand)|Hostess]] and [[Bethlehem Steel]] and companies with big plants were still not inclined to invest in major infrastructure elsewhere.{{citation needed|date=June 2023}} [[File:Yellow Flats 03.jpg|thumb|Hoboken historic district]] In the 1960s, working pay and conditions began to deteriorate: turn-of-the century housing started to look shabby and feel crowded, shipbuilding was cheaper overseas, and single-story plants surrounded by parking lots made manufacturing and distribution more economical than old brick buildings on congested urban streets. The city appeared to be in the throes of inexorable decline as industries sought (what had been) greener pastures, port operations shifted to larger facilities on [[Newark Bay]], and the car, truck and plane displaced the railroad and ship as the transportation modes of choice in the United States. Many Hobokenites headed to the suburbs, often the close by ones in [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen]] and [[Passaic County, New Jersey|Passaic]] Counties, and real-estate values declined. Hoboken sank from its earlier incarnation as a lively port town into a rundown condition and was often included in lists with other New Jersey cities experiencing the same phenomenon, such as [[Paterson, New Jersey|Paterson]], [[Elizabeth, New Jersey|Elizabeth]], [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]], and neighboring [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]].<ref>[[Anthony DePalma (author)|DePalma, Anthony]]. [https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/18/realestate/in-new-jersey-private-construction-returns-to-hoboken.html "In New Jersey; Private Construction Returns to Hoboken"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200828163342/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/18/realestate/in-new-jersey-private-construction-returns-to-hoboken.html |date=August 28, 2020 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', March 18, 1984. Accessed November 13, 2019.</ref> The old economic underpinnings were gone and nothing new seemed to be on the horizon. Attempts were made to stabilize the population by demolishing the so-called slums along River Street and build subsidized middle-income housing at Marineview Plaza, and in midtown, at Church Towers. Heaps of long uncollected garbage and roving packs of semi-wild dogs were not uncommon sights.<ref>Martin, Antoinette. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/10/realestate/in-the-region-new-jersey-residences-flower-in-a-once-seedy-hoboken-area.html "In the Region/New Jersey; Residences Flower in a Once-Seedy Hoboken Area"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701105831/http://www.nytimes.com/2003/08/10/realestate/in-the-region-new-jersey-residences-flower-in-a-once-seedy-hoboken-area.html |date=July 1, 2016 }}, ''[[The New York Times]]'', August 10, 2003. Accessed February 1, 2012. "The area back from the Hudson River, along streets named for presidents -- Adams, Jackson, Jefferson, Madison, Monroe -- was ''sketchy'', Mr. Geibel said, and marked by 'old warehouses, boarded-up windows, raw sewage coming out of pipes and packs of wild dogs running in the streets.'"</ref> Though the city had seen better days, Hoboken was never abandoned. New infusions of immigrants, most notably [[Puerto Rican American|Puerto Ricans]], kept the storefronts open with small businesses and housing stock from being abandoned, but there wasn't much work to be had. Washington Street, commonly called "the avenue", was never boarded up, and the tight-knit neighborhoods remained home to many who were still proud of their city. Stevens remained a premier technology school, Maxwell House kept chugging away, and Bethlehem Steel still housed sailors who were dry-docked on its piers. Italian-Americans and other came back to the "old neighborhood" to shop for delicatessen.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} [[File:Keuffel and Esser Manufacturing Complex Hoboken November 2021.jpg|thumb|left|The [[Keuffel and Esser Manufacturing Complex]] was converted into residential apartments in 1975.<ref name="Keuffel">[https://web.archive.org/web/20170330234517/https://www.hobokenmuseum.org/exhibitions/main-gallery/past-exhibitions/keuffel-and-esser-2010 Surveying the World; Keuffel & Esser + Hoboken, 1875β1968], Hoboken Historical Museum, backed up by the [[Internet Archive]] as of March 30, 2017. Accessed November 13, 2019.</ref>]] In 1975, the western part of the [[Keuffel and Esser Manufacturing Complex]] (known as "Clock Towers") was converted into residential apartments, after having been an architectural, engineering and drafting facility from 1907 to 1968;<ref name="Keuffel"/> the eastern part portion became residential apartments in 1984 (now called the '' Grand Adams'').<ref name="Keuffel"/>
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