Editing History of linguistics (section)

===Arabic grammar===
{{main|Islamic grammatical tradition}}
Owing to the rapid expansion of [[Islam]] in the 8th century, many people learned [[Arabic language|Arabic]] as a [[lingua franca]]. For this reason, the earliest grammatical treatises on Arabic are often written by non-native speakers.

The earliest grammarian who is known to us is [[Abi Ishaq|{{Transliteration|ar|DIN|ʿAbd Allāh ibn Abī Isḥāq al-Ḥaḍramī}}]] (died 735-736 CE, 117 [[Islamic calendar|AH]]).<ref>Monique Bernards, "Pioneers of Arabic Linguistic Studies." Taken from ''In the Shadow of Arabic: The Centrality of Language to Arabic Culture'', pg. 213. Ed. [[Bilal Orfali]]. [[Leiden]]: [[Brill Publishers]], 2011. {{ISBN|9789004215375}}</ref> The efforts of three generations of grammarians culminated in the book of  the [[Persian people|Persian]] linguist [[Sibawayh|{{Transliteration|ar|DIN|Sibāwayhi}}]] (c. 760–793).

Sibawayh made a detailed and professional description of Arabic in 760 in his monumental work, ''Al-kitab fi al-nahw'' (الكتاب في النحو, ''The Book on Grammar''). In his book he distinguished [[phonetics]] from [[phonology]].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Talmon |first1=Rafael | year=1982 |title="NAḤWIYYŪN" IN SĪBAWAYHI'S "KITĀB" |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/43530401 |journal=Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik |issue=8 |pages=12–38 |publisher=Harrassowitz Verlag |jstor=43530401 |access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=THE KITAB OF SIBAWAYH - THE ULTIMATE REFERENCE |url=https://www.sifatusafwa.com/en/grammar-an-nahw/the-kitab-of-sibawayh-the-ultimate-reference.html |website=Sifatu Safwa |access-date=September 28, 2023}}</ref>