Editing History of Burundi (section)

== 1993 genocide and civil war (1993–2005)==
{{main|Burundi genocide (1993)|Burundi Civil War}}
[[File:People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide.jpg|thumb|People fleeing during 1993 Burundian genocide]]

Ndadaye was assassinated three months later, in October 1993, by Tutsi army extremists. The country's situation rapidly declined as Hutu peasants began to rise up and massacre Tutsi. In acts of brutal retribution, the Tutsi army proceeded to round up thousands of Hutu and kill them. The [[Rwandan genocide]] in 1994, sparked by the [[Assassination of Habyarimana and Ntaryamira|killing]] of Ndadaye's successor [[Cyprien Ntaryamira]], further aggravated the conflict in Burundi by sparking additional massacres of Tutsis.

A decade of civil war followed, as the Hutu formed militias in the refugee camps of northern Tanzania. An estimated 300,000 people were killed in clashes and reprisals against the local population, with 550,000 citizens (nine percent of the population) being displaced.<ref>{{cite web |title=Burundi Civil War |url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/burundi.htm |publisher=GlobalSecurity.org |access-date=2009-06-30}}</ref> After the assassination of Ntaryamira, the Hutu presidency and Tutsi military operated under a power-sharing political system until July 1996, when Tutsi [[Pierre Buyoya]] seized power in a [[1996 Burundian coup d'état|military coup]]. Under international pressure, the warring factions negotiated a peace agreement in Arusha in 2000, which called for ethnically balanced military and government and democratic elections.

The country has been hit hard by HIV/AIDS during this period. Sample testing by SOS Children had shown that those who were HIV positive were 20 percent of the urban population and 6% of the rural population.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/aids-africa/projects-by-country/aids-burundi-africa |title="Burundi; war, poverty and misfortune", ''SOS Children's Villages'' |access-date=2012-04-03 |archive-date=2010-05-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100513023011/http://www.soschildrensvillages.org.uk/aids-africa/projects-by-country/aids-burundi-africa |url-status=dead }}</ref> The death toll due to the syndrome has been devastating: the UN estimated 12,000 deaths in 2001<ref>{{Cite web|title=Burundi|url=https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/burundi|access-date=2021-08-11|website=www.unaids.org|language=en}}</ref> and Oxfam estimated 40,000 deaths in 2001.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=A Situation Analysis On The Hiv/Aids Epidemic In Burundi and Oxfam International's Potential Role In The National Response To The Epidemic.|url=http://bibliobase.sermais.pt:8008/BiblioNET/Upload/PDF5/003692_burundi.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://bibliobase.sermais.pt:8008/BiblioNET/Upload/PDF5/003692_burundi.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|journal=Oxfam International}}</ref>

Two powerful Hutu rebel groups (the CNDD-FDD and the FNL) refused to sign the peace agreement and fighting continued in the countryside. Finally, the CNDD-FDD agreed to sign a peace deal in November 2003 and joined the transitional government. The last remaining rebel group, the FNL, continued to reject the peace process and committed sporadic acts of violence in 2003 and 2004, finally signing a cease fire agreement in 2006.