Editing Hippocrates (section)

==Legacy==
[[Image:Galenoghippokrates.jpg|thumb|Mural painting showing [[Galen]] and Hippocrates. 12th century; [[Anagni]], Italy <!-- <ref>
[http://www.humanehealthcare.com/Article.asp?art_id=638 The Many Faces of Hippocrates: The Effects of Culture on a Classical Image] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715015531/http://www.humanehealthcare.com/Article.asp?art_id=638 |date=2014-07-15 }}</ref>-->]]

Although Hippocrates neither founded the school of medicine named after him, nor wrote most of the treatises attributed to him, he is traditionally regarded as the "Father of Medicine".<ref>{{Harvnb|Jouanna|1999|p=42}}: "Hippocrates was neither the Father of Medicine nor the founder of the Coan school, but he did manage to confer an exceptionally lustrous reputation upon this school through his teaching". Though antiquated, the traditional title remains in wide use among scholars: see, e.g., {{Harvnb|Jouanna|1999|loc=pp. xi, xii, 4, 229, 348}}; {{Harvnb|King|2008|p=322}}; {{Harvnb|Smith|1998}}.</ref> His contributions revolutionized the practice of medicine; but after his death the advancement stalled.<ref name="garrison100">{{Harvnb|Garrison|1966|p=100}}</ref> So revered was Hippocrates that his teachings were largely taken as too great to be improved upon and no significant advancements of his methods were made for a long time.<ref name="marti86"/><ref name="margotta73"/> The centuries after Hippocrates's death were marked as much by retrograde movement as by further advancement. For instance, "after the Hippocratic period, the practice of taking clinical case-histories died out," according to [[Fielding H. Garrison|Fielding Garrison]].<ref name="garrison95">{{Harvnb|Garrison|1966|p=95}}</ref>

After Hippocrates, another significant physician was [[Galen]], a [[Ancient Greece|Greek]] who lived from AD 129 to AD 200. Galen perpetuated the tradition of Hippocratic medicine, making some advancements, but also some regressions.<ref name="jones35">{{Harvnb|Jones|1868|p=35}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|West|2014|pp=L121–L128}}</ref> In the [[Middle Ages]], the Islamic world adopted Hippocratic methods and developed new medical technologies.<ref>{{Harvnb|Leff|Leff|1956|p=102}}</ref> After the [[European Renaissance]], Hippocratic methods were revived in western Europe and even further expanded in the 19th century. Notable among those who employed Hippocrates's rigorous clinical techniques were [[Thomas Sydenham]], [[William Heberden]], [[Jean-Martin Charcot]] and [[William Osler]]. [[Henri Huchard]], a French physician, said that these revivals make up "the whole history of internal medicine."<ref name="garrison934"/>

===Image===
[[Image:Engraving; bust of Hippocrates; by Paul Wellcome L0019959.jpg|thumb|upright=.7|Engraving: bust of Hippocrates by [[Paulus Pontius]] after [[Peter Paul Rubens]], 1638]]

According to [[Aristotle]]'s testimony, Hippocrates was known as "The Great Hippocrates".<ref name="jones38">{{Harvnb|Jones|1868|p=38}}</ref> Concerning his disposition, Hippocrates was first portrayed as a "kind, dignified, old country doctor" and later as "stern and forbidding".<ref name="marti86"/> He is certainly considered wise, of very great intellect and especially as very practical. [[Francis Adams (translator)|Francis Adams]] describes him as "strictly the physician of experience and common sense."<ref name="adams15"/>

His image as the wise, old doctor is reinforced by busts of him, which wear large beards on a wrinkled face. Many physicians of the time wore their hair in the style of [[Jupiter (mythology)|Jove]] and [[Asklepius]]. Accordingly, the busts of Hippocrates that have been found could be only altered versions of portraits of these deities.<ref name="garrison100"/> Hippocrates and the beliefs that he embodied are considered medical ideals. [[Fielding Garrison]], an authority on medical history, stated, "He is, above all, the exemplar of that flexible, critical, well-poised attitude of mind, ever on the lookout for sources of error, which is the very essence of the scientific spirit."<ref name="garrison934">{{Harvnb|Garrison|1966|p=94}}</ref> "His figure... stands for all time as that of the ideal physician," according to ''A Short History of Medicine'', inspiring the medical profession since his death.<ref name="sing29">{{Harvnb|Singer|Underwood|1962|p=29}}</ref>

===Legends===
''[[The Travels of Sir John Mandeville]]'' reports (incorrectly) that Hippocrates was the ruler of the islands of "Kos and Lango" [sic], and recounts a legend about Hippocrates's daughter. She was transformed into a hundred-foot long [[dragon]] by the goddess [[Artemis|Diana]], and is the "lady of the manor" of an old castle. She emerges three times a year, and will be turned back into a woman if a knight kisses her, making the knight into her consort and ruler of the islands. Various knights try, but flee when they see the hideous dragon; they die soon thereafter. This is a version of the legend of [[Melusine]].<ref>{{harvnb|Bale|2012|p=15}}</ref>