Editing Hertford College, Oxford (section)

=== Refounding of Hertford College{{anchor|Hertford College Act 1874}} ===
[[File:UK-2014-Oxford-Hertford College 03.jpg|thumb|North-west corner of the Old Quad of Hertford College, showing the spiral staircase to the Hall]]
{{Infobox UK legislation
| short_title           = Hertford College Act 1874
| type                  = Act
| parliament            = Parliament of the United Kingdom
| long_title            = An Act for dissolving Magdalen Hall, in the University of Oxford, and for incorporating the Principal, Fellows, and Scholars of Hertford College; and for vesting in such College the lands and other property now held in trust for the benefit of Magdalen Hall.
| year                  = 1874
| citation              = [[37 & 38 Vict.]] c. 55
| introduced_commons    = 
| introduced_lords      = 
| territorial_extent    = 
| royal_assent          = 7 August 1874
| commencement          = 
| expiry_date           = 
| repeal_date           = 
| amends                = 
| replaces              = 
| amendments            = 
| repealing_legislation = 
| related_legislation   = 
| status                = 
| legislation_history   = 
| theyworkforyou        = 
| millbankhansard       = 
| original_text         = 
| revised_text          = 
| use_new_UK-LEG        = 
| UK-LEG_title          = 
| collapsed             = yes
}}

During John Macbride's principalship it became clear that the growing, energetic Magdalen Hall should be incorporated as a college to match its academic standing in the university. Since the name "Magdalen College" was already taken, the favoured option was the revival of "Hertford College". Macbride was succeeded as principal in 1868 by his vice-principal, [[Richard Michell]], who brought a bill before Parliament in 1873 for the incorporation of Magdalen Hall as Hertford College. The bill received significant financial support from [[Thomas Charles Baring]], then newly elected MP for South Essex. Baring had been a Fellow of [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose College]], and had offered a substantial endowment of fellowships and scholarships to that college, but it had been refused, because Brasenose rejected his conditions of restricting the funds to members of the Church of England. However, to ease the passage of the bill, Baring removed his condition to the first instalment of the endowment (subsequent instalments were restricted), and Magdalen Hall was incorporated as "the Principal, Fellows, and Scholars of Hertford College" (''Principalis, Socii, et Scholastici Collegii Hertfordiensis'') on 7 August 1874. Thus, Michell became the last principal of Magdalen Hall and the first principal of the refounded Hertford College.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Baring bought a house across New College Lane from the college to serve as fellows' lodgings (at some point the house was named Clarendon House), which was the first move of the college onto the northern side of New College Lane. That was soon followed by the purchase of other houses on that side of the road, which were collectively known as ''Ædes'', and the old Chapel of Our Lady at Smithgate, which is now the Octagon, housing the [[Common Room (university)|Middle Common Room]]. Also during that period, a gatehouse was built on the Catte Street frontage and the old doors were reinstalled there. A new dining hall was built above the gatehouse, and much of the northern side of the Old Quadrangle, apart from Old Hall, was rebuilt.<ref name=Hamilton />{{rp|pp. 139–149}}

[[File:1 oxford bridge of sighs 2012.jpg|thumb|left|Bridge of Sighs]]

In 1877, [[Henry Boyd (academic)|Henry Boyd]] succeeded Michell, becoming the second principal of the refounded Hertford College. His energy, good connections and longevity created the modern college as it is today. Boyd's name appears carved on the landmark Bridge of Sighs, and he is commemorated by a memorial in the Chapel (to the left of the [[chancel]]) and a portrait in the Hall (at the west end of [[High Table]]). Boyd's partnership with the architect [[Thomas Graham Jackson]] brought about the expansion of the college and its endowment with its iconic "Anglo-Jackson" buildings. In 1887, Jackson began work on the Gatehouse, the Hall and its spiral staircase, and the north range of the Old Quad. In 1901, Jackson started building the college's site on the northern side of New College Lane. By 1908, he had completed a new Chapel, which he declared to be his favourite work. Eventually, after much opposition, he built the Bridge of Sighs, linking the Old and New Quads across New College Lane  in 1913.<ref name=Goudie>{{cite book|editor-last=Goudie|editor-first=Andrew|title=Seven Hundred Years of an Oxford College: Hertford College, 1284–1984|orig-year=1984|edition=2nd|year=1999|location=Hertford College, Oxford|page=70}}</ref>

In the two [[world war]]s, a total of 171 members of Hertford College died. Those of [[World War I]] are commemorated by a memorial on the south wall of the chancel in the Chapel, while those of [[World War II]] are remembered in a memorial in the portico, to the right of the Chapel door. Notable among them is Major Percy Nugent FitzPatrick, son of [[James Percy FitzPatrick]], who was killed near [[Cambrai]] on 14 December 1917. It was with the death of his son that James Percy FitzPatrick made the suggestion, after the war's end, to keep a [[two-minute silence]] each year on [[Armistice Day]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://samilitaryhistory.org/ross/opercy.html |title=South African Military History Society - Lectures - The other Percy Fitzpatrick |website=samilitaryhistory.org}}</ref>

[[File:Oxford City Birdseye Hertford Marked.jpg|thumb|300px|Aerial photograph of Oxford with Hertford College marked: showing the 3 quads (Old Buildings, New Buildings and Holywell), the Chapel, Hall, Bridge and Octagon]]

In 1922, the novelist [[Evelyn Waugh]] came up to Hertford, famously feuding with his history tutor [[C. R. M. F. Cruttwell]] (who was to become the fourth principal of the refounded college, 1930–1939), and later naming a number of odious characters after him. Waugh wrote of his time at Hertford, "I do no work here and never go to Chapel". He novelised his time at Oxford in ''[[Brideshead Revisited]]'', having his [[protagonist]] Charles Ryder at Hertford.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

Starting from 1965, Hertford made a special effort to encourage applicants from [[state schools]] through the ''Hertford Scheme'', established by Physics Fellow Neil Tanner, under which candidates were interviewed early, outside the standard application process, and could be offered a place at the college without having to sit the university entrance exam.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/alumni/hertford-today/neil-tanner-and-the-tanner-scheme |title=Neil Tanner and the Tanner Scheme - Hertford College {{!}} University of Oxford |work=Hertford College {{!}} University of Oxford |access-date=2018-07-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref> That had the effect of dramatically raising academic standards within the college, and other colleges introduced similar initiatives.<!--http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JrPjAyfdfBMC&pg=PA91&lpg=PA91&dq=%22unconditional+offer+scheme%22+hertford&source=bl&ots=g-2-afplpg&sig=C-xrKXQmVd0V4C83BdczrZIoC2Y&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M1ZSU9SROsrC7Aa04oHoBA&ved=0CD4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=%22unconditional%20offer%20scheme%22%20hertford&f=false http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vZlrIG-HT1AC&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=%22unconditional+offer+scheme%22+hertford&source=bl&ots=ZFV5esbHJB&sig=LJFGxHUEQpk9nDGLtpp1hQeiarg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=M1ZSU9SROsrC7Aa04oHoBA&ved=0CEIQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=%22unconditional%20offer%20scheme%22%20hertford&f=false --> Today, around 70% of undergraduate students at the college come from UK state schools.<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.hertford.ox.ac.uk/alumni/hertford-statistics |title=Hertford statistics - Hertford College {{!}} University of Oxford |work=Hertford College {{!}} University of Oxford |access-date=2018-07-26 |language=en-GB}}</ref> The percentage of individuals from state schools (out of all UK applicants/students) is higher than at most Oxford colleges.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/facts_and_figures/undergraduate_admissions_statistics/school_type.html#acolleges_and_school_type |title= School type - University of Oxford|website=www.ox.ac.uk |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130802013322/http://www.ox.ac.uk/about_the_university/facts_and_figures/undergraduate_admissions_statistics/school_type.html |archive-date=2 August 2013}}</ref> The commitment to diversity is in keeping with Hertford's earlier history of openness: in 1907 Hertford admitted the first African-American [[Rhodes Scholar]], [[Alain Leroy Locke]], after he had been refused by several other colleges.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}

[[Geoffrey Warnock]] served as the 9th Principal of the refounded college from 1971 until 1988. He presided over the latest period of growth, and established the college's leftist credentials. In 1974, Hertford became one of the first five [[co-educational]] colleges in the university (the others being [[Brasenose College, Oxford|Brasenose]], [[Jesus College, Oxford|Jesus College]], [[St Catherine's College, Oxford|St Catherine's]], and [[Wadham College, Oxford|Wadham]]).<ref name="Women_at_Oxford">{{cite web |url=http://www.ox.ac.uk/about/oxford-people/women-at-oxford |title=Women at Oxford |publisher=[[University of Oxford]] |access-date=12 June 2016}}</ref> The college now has an almost equal gender balance, with slight variations from year to year. In memory of Warnock, the college named a student-accommodation building near [[Folly Bridge]] after him. He also has a memorial in the Chapel, and a portrait behind High Table in the Hall.{{citation needed|date=March 2021}}