Editing Herbert Hoover (section)

===U.S. Food Administration===
{{Main |United States Food Administration}}
[[File:"Wanted Immediately. 2,000,000 Garments for destitute Men, Women, and children in occupied Northern France and... - NARA - 512616.jpg|upright|thumb|[[United States Food Administration|U.S. Food Administration]] poster]]
War upon Germany was declared in April 1917, and American food was essential to Allied victory. With the U.S. mobilizing for war, President Wilson appointed Hoover to head the [[United States Food Administration|U.S. Food Administration]], which was charged with ensuring the nation's food needs during the war.{{sfn|Burner|1996|pp=96–97}} Hoover had hoped to join the administration in some capacity since at least 1916, and he obtained the position after lobbying several members of Congress and Wilson's confidant, [[Edward M. House]].{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=178, 187–191}} Earning the appellation of "food czar", Hoover recruited a volunteer force of hundreds of thousands of women and deployed [[Propaganda in World War I|propaganda]] in movie theaters, schools, and churches.{{sfn|Leuchtenburg 2009|pp=41–43}} He carefully selected men to assist in the agency leadership—[[Alonzo E. Taylor]] (technical abilities), [[Robert A. Taft|Robert Taft]] (political associations), [[Gifford Pinchot]] (agricultural influence), and Julius Barnes (business acumen).{{sfn|Burner|1996|p=101}}

[[World War I]] had created a global food crisis that dramatically increased food prices and caused food riots and starvation in the countries at war. Hoover's chief goal as food czar was to provide supplies to the Allied Powers, but he also sought to stabilize domestic prices and to prevent domestic shortages.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=183–185}} Under the broad powers granted by the [[Food and Fuel Control Act]], the Food Administration supervised food production throughout the United States, and the administration made use of its authority to buy, import, store, and sell food.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=198–199}} Determined to avoid rationing, Hoover established set days for people to avoid eating specified foods and save them for soldiers' rations: [[meatless Monday]]s, wheatless Wednesdays, and "when in doubt, eat potatoes". These policies were dubbed "Hooverizing" by government publicists, in spite of Hoover's continual orders that publicity should not mention him by name.{{sfn|Burner|1996|pp=104–109}} The Food Administration shipped 23 million metric tons of food to the Allied Powers, preventing their collapse and earning Hoover great acclaim.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=212–213}} As head of the Food Administration, Hoover gained a following in the United States, especially among progressives who saw in Hoover an expert administrator and symbol of efficiency.{{sfn|Whyte 2017|pp=204–206}} He was elected to the [[American Philosophical Society]] during his tenure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Herbert+Hoover&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=October 2, 2023 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref>