Editing Hebrew alphabet (section)

===Alphabet===
{{main|Biblical Hebrew phonology|Modern Hebrew phonology|International Phonetic Alphabet for Hebrew|Yiddish phonology}}
The descriptions that follow are based on the pronunciation of modern standard Israeli Hebrew.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!rowspan=2|<small>letter</small>
!rowspan=2|<small>[[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]]</small>
! colspan="6" |<small>Name of letter</small>
!<small>Pronunciation</small>
|-
!<small>[[List of Unicode characters#Hebrew|Unicode]]<ref name="unicode_names_of_hebrew_glyphs_at_unicode.org"/><ref name="unicode_names_of_hebrew_glyphs_at_fileformat.info"/></small>
!<small>Hebrew<ref>Kaplan, Aryeh. ''Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation.'' pp. 8, 22.</ref></small>
!<small>[[Modern Hebrew]]<br />pronunciation</small>
!<small>[[Yiddish]] / [[Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi]]<br />pronunciation</small>
!<small>[[Sephardi Hebrew|Sephardi]]<br />pronunciation</small>
!'''<small>[[Yemenite Hebrew|Yemenite]]</small>'''
'''<small>pronunciation</small>'''
!<small>Approximate western European equivalent</small><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Hebrew Alphabet (Aleph-Bet)|url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-hebrew-alphabet-aleph-bet|access-date=2020-10-04|website=www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org}}</ref>
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|א}}||{{IPAblink|∅}}, {{IPAblink|ʔ}}||[[Aleph|Alef]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|אָלֶף}}||{{IPA|/alɛf/}}||{{IPA|/ʔaləf/}}||{{IPA|/ʔalɛf/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈɔlæf/}}
|When ʔ, as in ''bu<u>tt</u>on'' [ˈbʌʔn̩] or ''cli<u>p</u>board'' [ˌklɪʔ⁠ˈbɔɹd]
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|בּ}}||{{IPAblink|b}}||rowspan=2|[[Bet (letter)|Bet]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|בֵּית}}||{{IPA|/bet/}}||{{IPA|/bɛɪs/}}, {{IPA|/bɛɪz/}}||{{IPA|/bɛt/}}
|{{IPA|/be̞θ/}}
|b as in ''<u>b</u>lack''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ב}}||{{IPAblink|v}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|בֵית}}||{{IPA|/vet/}}||{{IPA|/vɛɪs/}}, {{IPA|/vɛɪz/}}||{{IPA|/vɛt/}}
|{{IPA|/ve̞θ/}}
|v as in ''<u>v</u>ogue''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|גּ}}||{{IPAblink|ɡ}}|| rowspan="2" |[[Gimel]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|גִּימֵל}}|| rowspan="2" |{{IPA|/ˈɡimel/}}|| rowspan="2" |{{IPA|/ˈɡɪməl/}}||{{IPA|/ˈɡimɛl/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈdʒime̞l/}}
|g as in ''<u>g</u>ourd''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ג}}||[<nowiki/>[[Voiced velar fricative|ɣ]]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|גִימֵל}}||{{IPA|/ˈɣɪmεl/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈɣime̞l/}}
|gh as in Arabic ''<u>gh</u>oul''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|דּ}}||{{IPAblink|d}}|| rowspan="2" |[[Dalet]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|דָּלֶת}}|| rowspan="2" |{{IPA|/ˈdalɛt/}}, {{IPA|/ˈdalɛd/}}|| rowspan="2" |{{IPA|/ˈdaləd/}}, {{IPA|/ˈdaləs/}}||{{IPA|/ˈdalɛt/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈdɔle̞θ/}}
|d as in ''<u>d</u>oll''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ד}}||{{IPAblink|ð}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|דָלֶת}}||{{IPA|/ˈðalεt/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈðɔle̞θ/}}
|th as in ''<u>th</u>at''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ה}}||{{IPAblink|h}}||[[He (letter)|He]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|הֵא}}||{{IPA|/he/}}, {{IPA|/hej/}}||{{IPA|/hɛɪ/}}||{{IPA|/he/}}
|{{IPA|/he̞/}}
|h as in ''<u>h</u>old''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ו}}||{{IPAblink|v}}||[[Waw (letter)|Vav]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|וָו}}||{{IPA|/vav/}}||{{IPA|/vɔv/}}||{{IPA|/vav/}}
|{{IPA|/wɔw/}}
|v as in ''<u>v</u>ogue''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ז}}||{{IPAblink|z}}||[[Zayin]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|זַיִן}}||{{IPA|/ˈzajin/}}, {{IPA|/ˈza.in/}}||{{IPA|/ˈzajɪn/}}||{{IPA|/ˈzajin/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈzajin/}}
|z as in <u>''z''</u>''oo''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ח}}||[<nowiki/>[[Voiceless uvular fricative|χ]]]
|[[Heth|Chet]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|חֵית}}||{{IPA|/χet/}}||{{IPA|/χɛs/}}||{{IPA|/ħɛt/}}
|{{IPA|/ħe̞θ/}}
|ch as in ''Ba<u>ch</u>''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ט}}||{{IPAblink|t}}||[[Teth|Tet]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|טֵית}}||{{IPA|/tet/}}||{{IPA|/tɛs/}}||{{IPA|/tɛt/}}
|{{IPA|/tˤe̞θ/}}
|t as in ''<u>t</u>ool''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|י}}||{{IPAblink|j}}||[[Yodh|Yod]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|יוֹד}}||{{IPA|/jod/}}, {{IPA|/jud/}}||{{IPA|/jʊd/}}||{{IPA|/jud/}}
|{{IPA|/jœð/}}
|y as in ''<u>y</u>olk''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|כּ}}||{{IPAblink|k}}||rowspan=4|[[Kaph|Kaf]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|כַּף}}||{{IPA|/kaf/}}||{{IPA|/kɔf/}}||{{IPA|/kaf/}}
|{{IPA|/kaf/}}
|k as in ''<u>k</u>ing''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|כ}}||{{IPAblink|χ}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|כַף}}||{{IPA|/χaf/}}||{{IPA|/χɔf/}}||{{IPA|/χaf/}}
|{{IPA|/xaf/}}
|ch as in ''ba<u>ch</u>'' 
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ךּ}}||{{IPAblink|k}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|כַּף סוֹפִית}}||{{IPA|/kaf sofit/}}||{{IPA|/ˈlaŋɡə kɔf/}}||{{IPA|/kaf sofit/}}
|{{IPA|/kaf sœˈfiθ/}}
|k as in ''<u>k</u>ing''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ך}}||{{IPAblink|x}}~{{IPAblink|χ}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|כַף סוֹפִית}}||{{IPA|/χaf sofit/}}||{{IPA|/ˈlaŋɡə χɔf/}}||{{IPA|/χaf sofit/}}
|{{IPA|/xaf sœˈfiθ/}}
|ch as in ''ba<u>ch</u>'' 
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ל}}||{{IPAblink|l}}||[[Lamedh|Lamed]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|לָמֶד}}||{{IPA|/ˈlamɛd/}}||{{IPA|/ˈlaməd/}}||{{IPA|/ˈlamɛd/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈlɔme̞ð/}}
|l as in ''<u>l</u>uck''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|מ}}||rowspan=2|{{IPAblink|m}}||rowspan=2|[[Mem]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|מֵם}}||{{IPA|/mem/}}||{{IPA|/mɛm/}}||{{IPA|/mɛm/}}
|{{IPA|/me̞m/}}
|rowspan=2|m as in ''<u>m</u>other''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ם}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|מֵם סוֹפִית}}||{{IPA|/mem sofit/}}||{{IPA|/ˈʃlɔs mɛm/}}||{{IPA|/mɛm sofit/}}
|{{IPA|/me̞m sœˈfiθ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|נ}}||rowspan=2|{{IPAblink|n}}||rowspan=2|[[Nun (letter)|Nun]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|נוּן}}||{{IPA|/nun/}}||{{IPA|/nʊn/}}||{{IPA|/nun/}}
|{{IPA|/nun/}}
|rowspan=2 | n as in ''<u>n</u>ight''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ן}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|נוּן סוֹפִית}}||{{IPA|/nun sofit/}}||{{IPA|/ˈlaŋɡə nʊn/}}||{{IPA|/nun sofit/}}
|{{IPA|/nun sœˈfiθ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ס}}||{{IPAblink|s}}||[[Samekh]]||<big>ְ{{Script/Hebrew|סָמֶךְ}}</big>||{{IPA|/ˈsamɛχ/}}||{{IPA|/ˈsaməχ/}}||{{IPA|/ˈsamɛχ/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈsɔme̞x/}}
|s as in ''<u>s</u>ight''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ע}}||{{IPAblink|ʔ}}~{{IPAblink|ʕ}}, {{IPAblink|∅}}||[[Ayin]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|עַיִן}}||{{IPA|/ajin/}}, {{IPA|/ʔa.in/}}||{{IPA|/ajɪn/}}||{{IPA|/ajin/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈʕajin/}}
|When ʔ, as in ''bu<u>tt</u>on'' [ˈbʌʔn̩] or ''cli<u>p</u>board'' [ˌklɪʔ⁠ˈbɔɹd]. When ʕ, no English equivalent.
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|פּ}}||{{IPAblink|p}}||rowspan=4|[[Pe (Semitic letter)|Pe]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|פֵּא}}||{{IPA|/pe/}}, {{IPA|/pej/}}||{{IPA|/pɛɪ/}}||{{IPA|/pe/}}
|{{IPA|/pe̞/}}
|p as in ''<u>p</u>ine''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|פ}}||{{IPAblink|f}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|פֵא}}||{{IPA|/fe/}}, {{IPA|/fej/}}||{{IPA|/fɛɪ/}}||{{IPA|/fe/}}
|{{IPA|/fe̞/}}
|f as in ''<u>f</u>ine''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ףּ}}||{{IPAblink|p}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|פֵּא סוֹפִית}}||{{IPA|/pe sofit/}}, {{IPA|/pej sofit/}}|| {{IPA|/ˈlaŋɡə pɛɪ/}}||{{IPA|/pe sofit/}}
|{{IPA|/pe̞ sœˈfiθ/}}
|p as in ''<u>p</u>ine''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ף}}||{{IPAblink|f}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|פֵא סוֹפִית}}||{{IPA|/fe sofit/}}, {{IPA|/fej sofit/}}|| {{IPA|/ˈlaŋɡə fɛɪ/}}||{{IPA|/fe sofit/}}
|{{IPA|/fe̞ sœˈfiθ/}}
|f as in ''<u>f</u>ine''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|צ}}||rowspan=2|{{IPAblink|ts}}|| rowspan="2" |[[Tsade|Tsadi]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|צָדִי}}||{{IPA|/ˈtsadi/}}||{{IPA|/ˈtsadi/}}, {{IPA|/ˈtsadɪk/}}||{{IPA|/ˈtsadik/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈsˤɔði/}}
|rowspan=2|ts as in ''ca<u>ts</u>''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ץ}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew| צָדִי סוֹפִית}}||{{IPA|/ˈtsadi sofit/}}||{{IPA|/ˈlaŋɡə ˈtsadɪk/}}, {{IPA|/ˈlaŋɡə ˈtsadək/}}||{{IPA|/ˈtsadik sofit/}}
|{{IPA|/ˈsˤɔði sœˈfiθ/}}
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ק}}||{{IPAblink|k}}||[[Qoph|Qof]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|קוֹף}}||{{IPA|/kuf/}}, {{IPA|/kof/}}||{{IPA|/kʊf/}}||{{IPA|/kuf/}}
|{{IPA|/gœf/}}
|k as in ''<u>k</u>ing''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ר}}||{{IPAblink|ʁ}}||[[Resh]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|רֵישׁ}}||{{IPA|/ʁeʃ/}}||{{IPA|/ʁɛɪʃ/}}||{{IPA|/reʃ/}}
|{{IPA|/re̞ʃ/}}
|r as in French ⟨r⟩ 
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|שׁ}}||{{IPAblink|ʃ}}||rowspan=2|[[Shin (letter)|Shin]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|שִׁין}}||{{IPA|/ʃin/}}||{{IPA|/ʃɪn/}}||{{IPA|/ʃin/}}
|{{IPA|/ʃin/}}
|sh as in ''<u>sh</u>ower''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|שׂ}}||{{IPAblink|s}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|שִׂין}}||{{IPA|/sin/}}||{{IPA|/sɪn/}}||{{IPA|/sin/}}
|{{IPA|/sin/}}
|s as in ''<u>s</u>our''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|תּ}}||{{IPAblink|t}}||rowspan=2|[[Taw|Tav]]|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|תָּו}}
| rowspan="2"|{{IPA|/tav/}}, {{IPA|/taf/}}||{{IPA|/tɔv/}}, {{IPA|/tɔf/}}||{{IPA|/tav/}}
|{{IPA|/tɔw/}}
|t as in ''<u>t</u>ool''
|-
| style="font-size:200%;" | {{script/Hebrew|ת}}||{{IPAblink|θ}}|| style="font-size:125%;" | {{script/Hebrew|תָו}}||{{IPA|/sɔv/}}, {{IPA|/sɔf/}}||{{IPA|/θav/}}
|{{IPA|/θɔw/}}
|th as in ''<u>th</u>in''
|}
{{citation needed span|By analogy with the other dotted/dotless pairs, dotless tav, {{script|Hebr|ת}}, would be expected to be pronounced /θ/ ([[voiceless dental fricative]]), and dotless dalet {{script|Hebr|ד}} as /ð/ ([[voiced dental fricative]]), but these were lost among most Jews due to these sounds not existing in the countries where they lived (such as in nearly all of Eastern Europe). Yiddish modified /θ/ to /s/ (cf. [[seseo]] in Spanish), but in modern Israeli Hebrew, it is simply pronounced /t/. Likewise, historical /ð/ is simply pronounced /d/.|date=March 2025}}

====Shin and sin====

{{further|Shin (letter)}}

{{citation needed span|''Shin'' and ''sin'' are represented by the same letter, {{Script/Hebrew|ש}}, but are two separate [[phoneme]]s. When vowel diacritics are used, the two phonemes are differentiated with a ''shin''-dot or ''sin''-dot; the ''shin''-dot is above the upper-right side of the letter, and the ''sin''-dot is above the upper-left side of the letter.|date=March 2025}}

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Symbol
! Name
! [[Transliteration]]
! [[Help:IPA chart for Hebrew|IPA]]
! Example
|-
| style="text-align:center; padding-top:9px; padding-bottom:9px;"| <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|שׁ}}</span> (right dot)
| ''shin''
| style="text-align:center;"| sh
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/ʃ/}}
| style="text-align:center;"| '''sh'''ower
|-
| style="text-align:center; padding-top:9px; padding-bottom:9px;"| <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|שׂ}}</span> (left dot)
| ''sin''
| style="text-align:center;"| s
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPA|/s/}}
| style="text-align:center;"| '''s'''our
|}

Historically, ''left-dot-sin'' corresponds to [[Proto-Semitic language|Proto-Semitic]] *{{transliteration|sem|ś}}, which in biblical-Judaic-Hebrew corresponded to the [[Voiceless dental and alveolar lateral fricatives|voiceless alveolar lateral fricative]] {{IPA|/ɬ/}} (or /ś/).<ref>{{Cite book |last=Rendsburg |first=Gary A. |title=Phonologies of Asia and Africa |date=1997 |editor-last=Kaye |editor-first=Alan S. |pages=70, 73 |language=en |chapter=Ancient Hebrew Phonology |chapter-url=https://jewishstudies.rutgers.edu/docman/rendsburg/470-ancient-hebrew-phonology-professional-pdf-from-the-publisher/file |chapter-format=PDF}}</ref>

====Dagesh====
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}}
{{main|Dagesh}}
{{See also|Begadkefat}}
Historically, the consonants {{Script/Hebrew|ב}} ''bet'', {{Script/Hebrew|ג}} ''gimmel'', {{Script/Hebrew|ד}} ''daleth'', {{Script/Hebrew|כ}} ''kaf'', {{Script/Hebrew|פ}} ''pe'' and {{Script/Hebrew|ת}} ''tav'' each had two sounds: one hard ([[plosive]]), and one soft ([[fricative consonant|fricative]]), depending on the position of the letter and other{{which|date=March 2025}} factors. When vowel diacritics are used, the hard sounds are indicated by a central dot called ''dagesh'' ({{Script/Hebrew|דגש}}), while the soft sounds lack a ''dagesh''. In modern Hebrew, however, the ''dagesh'' only changes the pronunciation of {{Script/Hebrew|ב}} ''bet'', {{Script/Hebrew|כ}} ''kaf'', and {{Script/Hebrew|פ}} ''pe'', and does not affect the name of the letter.  The differences are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan=2 | Name
! colspan=4 | With dagesh
! colspan=4 | Without dagesh
|-
!Symbol
! Transliteration
! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]]
! Example
! Symbol
! Transliteration
! [[Help:IPA/Hebrew|IPA]]
! Example
|-
| ''bet/vet''
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|בּ}}
| b
| /b/
| '''b'''an
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|ב}}
| v, ḇ
| /v/
| '''v'''an
|-
| ''kaf''
| align=center | <span style="unicode-bidi:bidi-override;"><ref name="kaf_sofit">"{{Script|Hebr|ךּ}}" is rare but exists, e.g. last word in [[Deuteronomy]] 7 1 ({{lang|he|rtl=yes|דברים פרק ז׳ פסוק א׳}}) in the word "{{Script/Hebrew|מִמֶּךָּ}}"{{dash}}see [http://www.mechon-mamre.org/i/t/t0507.htm {{lang|he|rtl=yes|תנ״ך מנוקד, דברים פרק ז׳}}]. There is a single occurrence of "{{Script|Hebr|ףּ}}", see this comment{{ref label|final_pe_D_eg|D|}}.</ref></span><span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|כּ ךּ}}</span>
| k
| /k/
| '''k'''angaroo
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|כ ך}}
| kh, ch, ḵ, x
| /χ/
| lo'''ch'''
|-
| ''pe''
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|פּ ףּ}}
| p
| /p/
| '''p'''ine
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|פ ף}}
| f, p̄, ph
| /f/
| '''f'''ine
|}

In other dialects (mainly liturgical) there are variations from this pattern.
*In some [[Sephardi Hebrew|Sephardi]] and [[Mizrahi Hebrew|Mizrahi]] dialects, ''bet'' without dagesh is pronounced {{IPA|[b]}}, like ''bet'' with dagesh
*In [[Syrian Jews#Pronunciation of Hebrew|Syrian]] and [[Yemenite Hebrew]], ''gimel'' without dagesh is pronounced {{IPA|[ɣ]}}.
*In Yemenite Hebrew, and in the Iraqi pronunciation of the word ''Adonai'', ''dalet'' without dagesh is pronounced {{IPA|[ð]}} as in ''these''
*In [[Ashkenazi Hebrew]], as well as [[Krymchaks|Krymchaki Hebrew]], ''tav'' without dagesh is pronounced {{IPA|[s]}} as in ''silk''
*In Iraqi and [[Yemenite Hebrew]], and formerly in some other dialects, ''tav'' without dagesh is pronounced {{IPA|[θ]}} as in ''thick''

====Sounds represented with diacritic geresh====
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}}

{{main|Geresh|Hebraization of English}}

The sounds {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}, {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}, {{IPAblink|ʒ}}, written ⟨{{Script/Hebrew|צ׳}}⟩, ⟨{{Script/Hebrew|ג׳}}⟩, ⟨{{Script/Hebrew|ז׳}}⟩, and {{IPAblink|w}}, non-standardly sometimes transliterated ⟨{{Script/Hebrew|וו}}⟩, are often found in slang and loanwords that are part of the everyday Hebrew colloquial vocabulary. The symbol resembling an apostrophe after the Hebrew letter modifies the pronunciation of the letter and is called a ''[[geresh]]''.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!! colspan=7 | Hebrew slang and loanwords
|-
!!| Name
!!| Symbol
!!| [[Help:IPA chart for Hebrew|IPA]]
!!| [[Transliteration]]
!! colspan=3 | Example
|-
| align=center | Gimel with a geresh
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|ג׳}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|d͡ʒ}}
| style="text-align:center;"| ǧ<ref name=foreign_sounds/>
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Jachnun|'''ǧ'''áḥnun]] || {{IPA|[ˈd͡ʒaχnun]}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{Script/Hebrew|גַּ׳חְנוּן}}
|-
| align=center | Zayin with a geresh
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|ז׳}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|ʒ}}
| style="text-align:center;"| ž<ref name=foreign_sounds/>
| style="text-align:left;"| [[Collage|kolá'''ž''']] || {{IPA|[koˈlaʒ]}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{Script/Hebrew|קוֹלַאז׳}}
|-
| align=center | Tsadi with a geresh
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|צ׳}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|t͡ʃ}}
| style="text-align:center;"| č<ref name=foreign_sounds/>
| style="text-align:left;"| '''č'''upár (treat) || {{IPA|[t͡ʃuˈpar]}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{Script/Hebrew|צ׳וּפָּר}}
|-
| align=center | Vav with a geresh<br />or double Vav
| align=center| <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|וו}}</span> or <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ו׳}}</span> <small>(non standard)</small>{{ref label|Double_Vav|}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|w}}
| style="text-align:center;"| w
| style="text-align:left;"| a'''w'''ánta (boastful act) || {{IPA|[aˈwanta]}}
| style="text-align:right;"| {{Script/Hebrew|אַוַונְטַה}}
|}

The pronunciation of the following letters can also be modified with the geresh diacritic. The represented sounds are however foreign to [[Modern Hebrew phonology|Hebrew phonology]], i.e., these symbols mainly represent sounds in foreign words or names when transliterated with the Hebrew alphabet, and not [[loanword]]s.

{| class="wikitable"
!! colspan=7 | Transliteration of non-native sounds
|-
!!| Name
!!| Symbol
!!| [[Help:IPA chart for Hebrew|IPA]]
!!| [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic letter]]
!! colspan=2 | Example
! Comment
|-
| align=center | Dalet with a geresh
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|ד׳}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|ð}}
| align=center | ''[[Ḏāl|{{transliteration|ar|ALA|Dhāl}}]]'' ({{Script/Arabic|ذ}}) <br />[[Voice (phonetics)|Voiced]] th
| style="text-align:left;"| ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|'''Dh'''ū al-Ḥijjah}}'' ({{lang|ar|ذو الحجة}})&lrm;
| style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ד׳ו אל־חיג׳ה}}
| style="text-align:left;"| {{blist|Also used for English voiced "th"|Often a simple {{Script/Hebrew|ד}} is written.}}
|-
| align=center | Tav with a geresh
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|ת׳}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|θ}}
| style="text-align:center;"| ''[[Ṯāʼ|{{transliteration|ar|ALA|Thāʼ}}]]'' ({{Script/Arabic|ﺙ}})<br />[[Voiceless]] th
| style="text-align:left;"| '''Th'''urston
| style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ת׳רסטון}}
|-
| align=center | Chet with a geresh
| align=center style="font-size:200%;"| {{Script/Hebrew|ח׳}}
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|χ}}
| align=center | ''[[Ḫāʾ|{{transliteration|ar|ALA|Khāʼ}}]]'' ({{Script/Arabic|خ}})
| style="text-align:left;"| Shei'''kh''' ({{lang|ar|شيخ}})&lrm;
| style="text-align:right;"| <span dir="rtl">{{lang|he|שייח׳}}</span>
| style="text-align:left;"| Unlike the other sounds in this table, the sound {{IPAblink|χ}} represented by {{Script/Hebrew|ח׳}} is indeed a native sound in Hebrew; the geresh is however used only when transliteration must distinguish between {{IPAblink|χ}} and {{IPAblink|ħ}}, in which case {{Script/Hebrew|ח׳}} transliterates the former and ח the latter, whereas in everyday usage ח without geresh is pronounced {{IPAblink|ħ}} only dialectically but {{IPAblink|χ}} commonly.
|-
| align=center | Ayin with a geresh<br />''or''<br />Resh with a geresh
| align=center "| <span style="font-size:200%;>{{Script/Hebrew|ע׳}}</span><br />''or''<br /><span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ר׳}}</span>
| style="text-align:center;"| {{IPAblink|ʁ}}
| align=center | ''[[Ġayn|{{transliteration|ar|ALA|Ghayn}}]]'' ({{script/Arabic|غ}})
| style="text-align:left;"| ''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|'''Gh'''ajar}}'' ({{lang|ar|غجر}});<br />''{{transliteration|ar|ALA|'''Gh'''alib}}'' ({{lang|ar|غالب}})
| style="text-align:right;"| {{lang|he|rtl=yes|ע׳ג׳ר}}<br />{{lang|he|rtl=yes|ר׳אלב}}
| style="text-align:left;"| The guidelines specified by the Academy of the Hebrew Language prefer Resh with a geresh ({{script/Hebrew|ר׳}}); however, this guideline is not universally followed
|}

''Geresh'' is also used to denote an abbreviation consisting of a single Hebrew letter, while ''gershayim'' (a doubled ''geresh'') are used to denote [[acronym]]s pronounced as a string of letters; ''geresh'' and ''gershayim'' are also used to denote [[Hebrew numeral]]s consisting of a single Hebrew letter or of multiple Hebrew letters, respectively.  Geresh is also the name of a cantillation mark used for [[Torah]] recitation, though its visual appearance and function are different in that context.

====Identical pronunciation====
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}}

In much of [[Israel]]'s general population, especially where [[Ashkenazic]] pronunciation is prevalent, many letters have the same pronunciation. They are as follows:

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!! style="text-align:center;" colspan="4"| Letters !! Transliteration !! Pronunciation (IPA)
|-
| rowspan=4 align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|א}}</span><br />''Alef''*
| rowspan=4 style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"| <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ע}}</span> <br />''Ayin''*
| rowspan=2 align=center | not<br />transliterated
| align=center | <small>Usually when in medial word position:</small><br />{{IPAslink|.}}<br /><small>(separation of vowels in a [[Hiatus (linguistics)|hiatus]])</small>
|-
| align=center | <small>In initial, final, or sometimes medial word position:</small><br />[[Silent letter|silent]]
|-
| style="line-height:75%" colspan=2 align=center | <small>[[Alternation (linguistics)|alternatingly]]</small>
|-
| align=center | ʼ || align=center | {{IPAslink|ʔ}}<br /><small>([[glottal plosive]])</small>
|-
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ב}}</span><br />''Bet'' (without ''dagesh'') Vet
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3" | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ו}}</span><br />''Vav''
| align=center | v
| align=center | {{IPAslink|v}}
|-
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ח}}</span><br />''Chet''*
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3" | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|כ}}</span><br />''Kaf'' (without ''dagesh'')<br />Khaf*
| align=center | kh/ch/h
| align=center | {{IPAslink|χ}}
|-
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ט}}</span><br />''Tet''
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|<span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|תּ}}</span><br />''Tav''
| align=center | t
| align=center | {{IPAslink|t}}
|-
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|כּ}}</span><br />''Kaf'' (with ''dagesh'')
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="3"|<span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ק}}</span><br />''Qof''
| align=center | k
| align=center | {{IPAslink|k}}
|-
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|ס}}</span><br />''Samekh''
| colspan="3" style="text-align:center; padding-top:9px;"| <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|שׂ}}</span><br />''Sin'' (with left dot)
| align=center | s
| align=center | {{IPAslink|s}}
|-
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|צ}}</span><br />''Tsadi''*
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|תס}}</span><br />''Tav-Samekh''*
| align=center | <small>''and''</small>
| style="text-align:center; padding-top:9px;"| <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|תשׂ}}</span><br />''Tav-Sin''*
| style="text-align:center;"|ts/tz
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPAslink|ts}}
|-
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|צ׳}}</span><br />''Tsadi (with geresh)''
| align=center | <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|טשׁ}}</span><br />''Tet-Shin''*
| align=center | <small>''and''</small>
| style="text-align:center; padding-top:9px;"| <span style="font-size:200%;">{{Script/Hebrew|תשׁ}}</span><br />''Tav-Shin''*
| style="text-align:center;"|ch/tsh (chair)
| style="text-align:center;"|{{IPAslink|tʃ}}
|}
<small>* Varyingly</small>

====Ancient Hebrew pronunciation====
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}}

Some of the variations in sound mentioned above are due to a systematic feature of Ancient Hebrew. The six consonants {{IPA|/b ɡ d k p t/}} were pronounced differently depending on their position. These letters were also called ''[[Begadkefat|BeGeD KeFeT]]'' letters {{IPAc-en|ˌ|b|eɪ|ɡ|ɛ|d|ˈ|k|ɛ|f|ɛ|t}}. The full details are very complex; this summary omits some points. They were pronounced as [[plosive]]s {{IPA|[b ɡ d k p t]}} at the beginning of a syllable, or when doubled. They were pronounced as [[fricative]]s {{IPA|[v ɣ ð x f θ]}} when preceded by a vowel (commonly indicated with a macron, ḇ ḡ ḏ ḵ p̄ ṯ). The plosive and double pronunciations were indicated by the ''dagesh''. In Modern Hebrew the sounds ḏ and ḡ have reverted to {{IPA|[d]}} and {{IPA|[ɡ]}}, respectively, and ṯ has become {{IPA|[t]}}, so only the remaining three consonants {{IPA|/b k p/}} show variation. {{Script/Hebrew|ר}} ''resh'' may have also been a "doubled" letter, making the list ''BeGeD KePoReT''. ([[Sefer Yetzirah]], 4:1)

* {{Script/Hebrew|ח}} ''chet'' and {{Script/Hebrew|ע}} ''ayin'' represented the [[pharyngeal consonant|pharyngeal]] [[fricative consonant|fricatives]] {{IPA|/ħ/}} and {{IPA|/ʕ/}}, respectively, {{Script/Hebrew|צ}} ''tsadi'' represented the [[emphatic consonant]] {{IPA|/sˤ/}}, {{Script/Hebrew|ט}} ''tet'' represented the emphatic consonant {{IPA|/tˤ/}}, and {{Script/Hebrew|ק}} ''qof'' represented the [[uvular consonant|uvular plosive]] {{IPA|/q/}}. All these are common [[Semitic languages|Semitic]] [[consonant]]s.
* {{Script/Hebrew|שׂ}} ''sin'' (the {{IPA|/s/}} variant of {{Script/Hebrew|ש}} ''shin'') was originally different from both {{Script/Hebrew|שׁ}} ''shin'' and {{Script/Hebrew|ס}} ''samekh'', but had become {{IPA|/s/}} the same as {{Script/Hebrew|ס}} ''samekh'' by the time the vowel pointing was devised. Because of [[cognate]]s with other [[Semitic language]]s, this phoneme is known to have originally been a [[lateral consonant]], most likely the [[voiceless alveolar lateral fricative]] {{IPA|/ɬ/}} (the sound of modern [[Welsh language|Welsh]] ''ll'') or the [[voiceless alveolar lateral affricate]] {{IPA|/tɬ/}} (like [[Náhuatl]] ''tl'').

====Regional and historical variation====
{{Unreferenced section|date=March 2025}}

The following table contains the [[pronunciation]] of the Hebrew letters in reconstructed historical forms and [[dialect]]s using the [[help:IPA|International Phonetic Alphabet]]. The apostrophe-looking symbol after some letters is not a [[Yodh|yud]] but a [[geresh]]. It is used for loanwords with non-native Hebrew sounds. The dot in the middle of some of the letters, called a ''[[dagesh]] kal'', also modifies the sounds of the letters <span style="unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">{{script|Hebr|[[ב]]}}, {{script|Hebr|[[כ]]}} and {{script|Hebr|[[פ]]}}</span> in [[modern Hebrew]] (in some forms of Hebrew it modifies also the sounds of the letters <span style="unicode-bidi:bidi-override;">{{script|Hebr|[[ג]]}}, {{script|Hebr|[[ד]]}} and/or {{script|Hebr|[[ת]]}};</span> the ''dagesh chazak''{{dash}}orthographically indistinguishable from the ''dagesh kal''{{dash}}designates [[gemination]], which today is realized only rarely{{dash}}e.g. in biblical recitations or when using [[Arabic]] [[loanword]]s).

:{|class="wikitable"
|-
! rowspan="3" | Symbol
! colspan="8" ! | [[help:IPA|Pronunciation]]
|-
! rowspan="2" ! | [[Israeli Hebrew|Israeli]]
! rowspan="2" ! | [[Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi]]
! rowspan="2" ! | [[Sephardi Hebrew language|Sephardi]]
! rowspan="2" ! | [[Yemenite Hebrew language|Yemenite]]
! colspan="3" ! | Reconstructed
! rowspan="2" |[[Imperial Aramaic]]
(ancestral script)
|-
! [[Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian]] !! [[Mishnaic Hebrew|Mishnaic]] !! [[Biblical Hebrew|Biblical]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|א}}
|| <big>{{IPA|[ʔ, –]}}</big> || [–] || <big>{{IPA|[ʔ, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[ʔ, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[ʔ, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[ʔ, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʔ}}</big>
|[[File:Aleph.svg|20px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|בּ}}
||  <big>{{IPAblink|b}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|b}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|b}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|b}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|b}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|b}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|b}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Beth.svg|20px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ב}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|v}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[v~v̥]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[b~β~v]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|β}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|v}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|β}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAblink|β}}</big>
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|גּ}}
| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA|[ɡ~ɡ̊]}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|dʒ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Igimel.png|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ג}}
| <big>{{IPA|[ɡ~ɣ]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɣ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɣ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɣ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAblink|ɣ}}</big>
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|דּ}}
| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPAblink|d}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPA|[d~d̥]}}</big>
| <big>{{IPA|[d̪]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|d̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|d̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|d̪}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|d̪}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Daleth.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ד}}
|| <big>{{IPA|[d̪~ð]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ð}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ð}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ð}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAblink|ð}}</big>
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ה}}
|| <big>{{IPA|[h~ʔ, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[h, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[h, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[h, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[h, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[h, –]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|h}}</big>
|[[File:He0.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ו}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|v}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[v~v̥]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|v}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|w}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|w}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|w}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|w}}</big>
| rowspan="3" |[[File:Waw.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|וּ}}
| <big>{{IPAblink|uː}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[uː]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[uː]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[əw]}}</big> || ? || ? || ?
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|וֹ}}
| <big>{{IPAblink|o̞ː}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[əʊ, ɐʊ]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[oː]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[œː]}}</big> || ? || ? || ?
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ז}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|z}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[z~z̥]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|z}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|z}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|z}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|z}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|z}}</big>
|[[File:Zayin.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ח}}
|| <big>{{IPA|[x~χ]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|x}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ħ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ħ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ħ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ħ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[ħ, χ]}}</big>
|[[File:Heth.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ט}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|t}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|t}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[t̪]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[t̴̪]}}</big> <small>(1)</small> || <big>{{IPA|[t̴̪]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[t̪ˤ]}}</big> <small>(2)</small> || <big>{{IPA|[t̪ʼ]}}</big> <small>(3)</small>
|[[File:Teth.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|י}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|j}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|j}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|j}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|j}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|j}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|j}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|j}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Yod.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |ִ{{Script/Hebrew|י}}
| <big>{{IPAblink|iː}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|iː}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|iː}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|iː}}</big> || ? || ? || ?
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|כּ ךּ}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAblink|kʰ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Kaph.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|כ ך}}
|| <big>{{IPA|[x~χ]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|x}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|x}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|x}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|x}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|x}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAblink|x}}</big>
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ל}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[l~ɫ]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|l}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|l}}</big>
|[[File:Lamed.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|מ ם}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|m}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|m}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|m}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|m}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|m}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|m}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|m}}</big>
|[[File:Mem.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|נ ן}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|n}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|n}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|n̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|n̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|n̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|n̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|n̪}}</big>
|[[File:Nun.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ס}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big>
|[[File:Samekh.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ע}}
|| <big>[<nowiki/>[[Voiced pharyngeal fricative|ʕ]], –]</big> || [–] || <big>{{IPA|[ʕ, ŋ,}} –]</big> ||<big>{{IPAblink|ʕ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʕ}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[ʕ]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[ʕ, ʁ]}}</big>
|[[File:Ayin.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|פּ ףּ}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|p}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|p}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|p}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|p}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|p}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|p}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|p}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Pe0.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|פ ף}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|f}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɸ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAblink|ɸ}}</big>
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|צ ץ}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|t͡s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|t͡s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|t͡s}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[s̴]}}</big> <small>(1)</small> || <big>{{IPA|[s̴]}}</big> || <big>{{IPA|[sˤ]}}</big> <small>(2)</small> || <big>{{IPA|[sˤ]}}</big>
|[[File:Sade_1.svg|21x21px]], [[File:Sade_2.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ק}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|k}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɡ}}</big>, <big>{{IPAblink|ɢ}}</big>, <big>{{IPAblink|q}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|q}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|q}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|q}}</big>
|[[File:Qoph.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ר}}
|| <big>{{IPA|[ɣ~ʁ]}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɹ}}~{{IPAblink|ʀ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|r}}~{{IPAblink|ɾ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|r}}~{{IPAblink|ɾ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʀ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|r}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɾ}}</big>
|[[File:Resh.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|שׁ}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|ʃ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʃ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʃ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʃ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʃ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʃ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ʃ}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Shin.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|שׂ}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|ɬ}}</big>
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|תּ}}
| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPAblink|t}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|t}}</big>
| rowspan="2" | <big>{{IPAblink|t}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|t̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|t̪}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|t̪}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAblink|t̪}}</big>
| rowspan="2" |[[File:Taw.svg|21x21px]]
|-
| align="center" lang="hbo" style="font-size:200%" dir="rtl" |{{Script/Hebrew|ת}}
|| <big>{{IPAblink|s}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|θ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|θ}}</big> || <big>{{IPAblink|θ}}</big>
|<big>{{IPAblink|θ}}</big>
|}

# [[velarization|velarized]] or [[pharyngealization|pharyngealized]]
# pharyngealized
# sometimes said to be [[ejective consonant|ejective]] but more likely [[glottalized]].