Editing Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (section)

==Geography==
[[File:Harrisburg and Susquehanna River Aerial - June 2016 (51145383312).jpg|thumb|Harrisburg and the [[Susquehanna River]]]]

===Topography===
Harrisburg is located at {{Coord|40|16|11|N|76|52|32|W|type:city}} (40.269789, −76.875613) in [[South Central Pennsylvania]],<ref name="GR1">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/geographies/reference-files/time-series/geo/gazetteer-files.html |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=April 23, 2011 |date=February 12, 2011 |title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}</ref> within a two-hour drive of the metro areas of [[Baltimore]], [[Washington, D.C.]], [[Philadelphia]] and three-hour drive of [[New York City]] and [[Pittsburgh]]. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|11.4|sqmi|km2}}, of which {{convert|8.1|sqmi|km2}} is land and {{convert|3.3|sqmi|km2}}  (29.11%) is water. Bodies of water include [[Paxton Creek]], which empties into the [[Susquehanna River]] at Harrisburg, as well as [[Wildwood Park (Pennsylvania)|Wildwood Lake]] and [[Italian Lake (Harrisburg)|Italian Lake]] parks. In land area Harrisburg (proper) is also the [[List of capitals in the United States#State capitals|third smallest of the United States capital cities]].

Directly to the north of Harrisburg is the [[Blue Mountain (Pennsylvania)|Blue Mountain]] ridge of the [[Appalachian Mountains]]. The [[Cumberland Valley]] lies directly to the west of Harrisburg and the Susquehanna River, stretching into northern [[Maryland]]. The fertile [[Lebanon Valley]] lies to the east. Harrisburg is the northern fringe of the historic [[Pennsylvania Dutch Country]].

The city is the county seat of [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin County]]. The adjacent counties are [[Northumberland County, Pennsylvania|Northumberland County]] to the north; [[Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania|Schuylkill County]] to the northeast; [[Lebanon County, Pennsylvania|Lebanon County]] to the east; [[Lancaster County, Pennsylvania|Lancaster County]] to the south; and [[York County, Pennsylvania|York County]] to the southwest; [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland County]] to the west; and [[Perry County, Pennsylvania|Perry County]] to the northwest.

{{Geographic location
 | Centre    = Harrisburg
 | North     = [[Lewisburg, Pennsylvania|Lewisburg]]<br>[[Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania|Selinsgrove]]
 | Northeast = [[Pottsville, Pennsylvania|Pottsville]]<br>[[Hazleton, Pennsylvania|Hazleton]]
 | East      = [[Lebanon, Pennsylvania|Lebanon]]<br>[[Reading, Pennsylvania|Reading]]
 | Southeast = [[Lancaster, Pennsylvania|Lancaster]]<br>[[Philadelphia]]
 | South     = [[York, Pennsylvania|York]]<br>[[Baltimore]]
 | Southwest = [[Gettysburg, Pennsylvania|Gettysburg]]<br>[[Frederick, Maryland|Frederick]]
 | West      = [[Altoona, Pennsylvania|Altoona]]<br>[[Carlisle, Pennsylvania|Carlisle]]<br>[[Shippensburg, Pennsylvania|Shippensburg]]
 | Northwest = [[Lewistown, Pennsylvania|Lewistown]]<br>[[State College, Pennsylvania|State College]]
}}

===Adjacent municipalities===
[[File:Harrisburg, Pennsylvania State Capital Building.jpg|thumb|The [[Pennsylvania State Capitol]] seen from across the Susquehanna River in [[Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania|Wormleysburg]]]]
Harrisburg's western boundary is formed by the west shore of the [[Susquehanna River]], which runs within the city boundaries and serves as the boundary between [[Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Dauphin]] and [[Cumberland County, Pennsylvania|Cumberland]] counties. Harrisburg is divided into numerous neighborhoods and districts. Like many of Pennsylvania's cities and [[borough (Pennsylvania)|boroughs]] that are at build-out stage, there are several townships outside of Harrisburg city limits that, although autonomous, use the name ''Harrisburg'' for postal and name-place designation. They include the townships of: [[Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania|Lower Paxton]], [[Middle Paxton Township, Pennsylvania|Middle Paxton]], [[Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Susquehanna]], [[Swatara Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Swatara]] and [[West Hanover Township, Pennsylvania|West Hanover]] in Dauphin County. The borough of [[Penbrook, Pennsylvania|Penbrook]], located just east of [[Reservoir Park (Harrisburg)|Reservoir Park]], was previously known as East Harrisburg. Penbrook, along with the borough of [[Paxtang, Pennsylvania|Paxtang]], also located just outside the city limits, maintain Harrisburg [[ZIP code]]s as well. The [[United States Postal Service]] designates 26 [[ZIP Code]]s for Harrisburg, including 13 for official use by federal and state government agencies.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp |year=2007 |title=Zip Code search for Harrisburg, Pennsylvania |last=United States Postal Service |publisher=usps.gov/ |access-date=January 3, 2007}}</ref>

{|
|-
| valign=top |
* '''Dauphin County'''
** [[Lower Paxton Township, Pennsylvania|Lower Paxton Township]] (east)
** [[Penbrook, Pennsylvania|Penbrook]] (northeast)
** [[Paxtang, Pennsylvania|Paxtang]] (east)
** [[Susquehanna Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Susquehanna Township]] (northeast)
** [[Swatara Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania|Swatara Township]] (southeast)
| valign=top |
* '''Cumberland County'''
** [[East Pennsboro Township, Pennsylvania|East Pennsboro Township]] (west)
** [[Lemoyne, Pennsylvania|Lemoyne]] (west)
** [[New Cumberland, Pennsylvania|New Cumberland]] (southwest)
** [[Wormleysburg, Pennsylvania|Wormleysburg]] (west)
|}

===Climate===
[[File:Monthly Climate Normals (1991-2020) - Middletown-Harrisburg Area, PA (ThreadEx).svg|thumb|right|Climate chart for Harrisburg]]
Harrisburg has a variable, four-season climate lying at the beginning of the transition between the [[humid subtropical]] and [[humid continental]] zones ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Cfa'' and ''Dfa'', respectively). The city limits fall within the ''Cfa'' Humid subtropical climate classification, while the suburban areas and rural surroundings fall just into the ''Dfa'' Humid continental climate classification. The hottest month of the year is July, with a daily mean temperature of {{convert|77.5|°F|1}}.<ref name="NOAA"/> Summer is usually hot and humid and occasional heat waves can occur. The city averages around 32 days per year with {{convert|90|°F|0}}+ highs, although temperatures reaching {{convert|100|°F|0}} are rare. Seven months average above {{convert|50|°F|°C|abbr=on}} and three months average above {{convert|22|°C|°F|abbr=on}}. The hottest temperature ever recorded in Harrisburg is {{convert|107|°F|0}} on July 3, 1966.<ref name="NOAA"/> Summer thunderstorms also occur relatively frequently. Autumn is a pleasant season, when the humidity and temperatures fall to more comfortable values. The [[hardiness zone]] is 7a/7b.

Winter in Harrisburg is mild to cool: January, the coolest month, remains above freezing, as it experiences a daily mean temperature of {{convert|32.6|°F|1}}.<ref name="NOAA"/> A major snowstorm can also occasionally occur, and some winters snowfall totals can exceed {{convert|40|in|cm|0}}, while in other winters, the region may receive very little snowfall. Snow that does fall often melts away quickly. The largest snowfall on a single calendar day was {{convert|26.4|in|cm|abbr=on}} on [[January 2016 United States blizzard|January 23, 2016]],<ref name="NOAA"/> recorded at [[Harrisburg International Airport]] in Middletown, while the snowiest month on record was February 2010, with {{convert|42.1|in|cm|abbr=on}}, recorded at the same location.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.extremeweatherguide.com/updates.asp |title=NEW WEATHER RECORDS THAT AFFECT BOOK AFTER PUBLICATION JANUARY 1, 2007 |access-date=January 15, 2011 |publisher=Norton Publishing Company |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110123132746/http://extremeweatherguide.com/updates.asp |archive-date=January 23, 2011}}</ref> Overall Harrisburg receives an average of {{convert|29.9|in|cm|1|abbr=on}} of snow per winter.<ref name="NOAA"/> The coldest temperature ever recorded in Harrisburg was {{convert|-22|°F|0}} on [[1994 North American cold wave|January 21, 1994]].<ref name="NOAA"/> Spring is also a pleasant time of year for outdoor activities. Precipitation is well-distributed and generous in most months, though July is clearly the wettest and February the driest.

{{Harrisburg, Pennsylvania weatherbox}}

{{Weather box
|location = Harrisburg, Pennsylvania ([[Capital City Airport (Pennsylvania)|Harrisburg Capital City Airport]]) 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1939–present
|single line = Y
|collapsed = Y
|Jan record high F = 73
|Feb record high F = 83
|Mar record high F = 86
|Apr record high F = 93
|May record high F = 97
|Jun record high F = 100
|Jul record high F = 107
|Aug record high F = 101
|Sep record high F = 102
|Oct record high F = 97
|Nov record high F = 84
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F = 107
|Jan avg record high F = 61.8
|Feb avg record high F = 61.6
|Mar avg record high F = 73.3
|Apr avg record high F = 85.1
|May avg record high F = 89.5
|Jun avg record high F = 93.6
|Jul avg record high F = 95.9
|Aug avg record high F = 94.2
|Sep avg record high F = 89.9
|Oct avg record high F = 82.3
|Nov avg record high F = 71.6
|Dec avg record high F = 62.8
|year avg record high F = 97.1
|Jan high F = 40.3
|Feb high F = 43.2
|Mar high F = 52.6
|Apr high F = 64.9
|May high F = 74.7
|Jun high F = 83.2
|Jul high F = 87.6
|Aug high F = 85.4
|Sep high F = 78.6
|Oct high F = 66.7
|Nov high F = 55.1
|Dec high F = 44.4
|year high F = 64.7
|Jan mean F = 32.6
|Feb mean F = 34.7
|Mar mean F = 43.2
|Apr mean F = 54.1
|May mean F = 64.0
|Jun mean F = 73.0
|Jul mean F = 77.5
|Aug mean F = 75.4
|Sep mean F = 68.5
|Oct mean F = 56.7
|Nov mean F = 46.0
|Dec mean F = 37.0
|year mean F = 55.2
|Jan low F = 24.9
|Feb low F = 26.2
|Mar low F = 33.9
|Apr low F = 43.3
|May low F = 53.2
|Jun low F = 62.8
|Jul low F = 67.4
|Aug low F = 65.5
|Sep low F = 58.4
|Oct low F = 46.7
|Nov low F = 37.0
|Dec low F = 29.5
|year low F = 45.7
|Jan avg record low F = 8.0
|Feb avg record low F = 10.8
|Mar avg record low F = 17.7
|Apr avg record low F = 28.5
|May avg record low F = 38.7
|Jun avg record low F = 49.4
|Jul avg record low F = 57.0
|Aug avg record low F = 54.5
|Sep avg record low F = 43.7
|Oct avg record low F = 32.0
|Nov avg record low F = 22.6
|Dec avg record low F = 14.7
|year avg record low F = 5.6
|Jan record low F = -9
|Feb record low F = -5
|Mar record low F = 2
|Apr record low F = 19
|May record low F = 31
|Jun record low F = 40
|Jul record low F = 49
|Aug record low F = 45
|Sep record low F = 30
|Oct record low F = 23
|Nov record low F = 13
|Dec record low F = -8
|year record low F = -9
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 2.64
|Feb precipitation inch = 2.36
|Mar precipitation inch = 3.35
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.70
|May precipitation inch = 3.48
|Jun precipitation inch = 3.72
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.30
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.68
|Sep precipitation inch = 4.12
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.68
|Nov precipitation inch = 2.80
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.15
|year precipitation inch = 40.98
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 9.4
|Feb precipitation days = 9.3
|Mar precipitation days = 10.7
|Apr precipitation days = 12.1
|May precipitation days = 13.7
|Jun precipitation days = 11.9
|Jul precipitation days = 11.8
|Aug precipitation days = 11.1
|Sep precipitation days = 9.5
|Oct precipitation days = 11.0
|Nov precipitation days = 8.8
|Dec precipitation days = 10.1
|year precipitation days = 129.4
|Jan humidity = 64.4
|Feb humidity = 63.2
|Mar humidity = 60.7
|Apr humidity = 59.2
|May humidity = 65.2
|Jun humidity = 67.7
|Jul humidity = 68.6
|Aug humidity = 72.2
|Sep humidity = 73.8
|Oct humidity = 70.5
|Nov humidity = 68.2
|Dec humidity = 66.4
|year humidity = 66.7
|Jan sun = 154.9
|Feb sun = 167.2
|Mar sun = 213.8
|Apr sun = 235.7
|May sun = 266.7
|Jun sun = 288.5
|Jul sun = 310.1
|Aug sun = 285.4
|Sep sun = 226.7
|Oct sun = 199.2
|Nov sun = 139.6
|Dec sun = 126.0
|year sun = 2613.8
|Jan percentsun = 52
|Feb percentsun = 56
|Mar percentsun = 58
|Apr percentsun = 59
|May percentsun = 60
|Jun percentsun = 64
|Jul percentsun = 68
|Aug percentsun = 67
|Sep percentsun = 61
|Oct percentsun = 58
|Nov percentsun = 47
|Dec percentsun = 43
|year percentsun = 59
|Jan dew point C = -8.1
|Feb dew point C = -7.2
|Mar dew point C = -3.1
|Apr dew point C = 2.2
|May dew point C = 9.3
|Jun dew point C = 14.7
|Jul dew point C = 17.3
|Aug dew point C = 17.2
|Sep dew point C = 13.6
|Oct dew point C = 6.5
|Nov dew point C = 0.8
|Dec dew point C = -5.1
|source 1 = NOAA (relative humidity, dew point and sun 1961–1990)<ref name = NOAA>{{cite web |url=https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ctp |title=NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=August 7, 2021 |archive-date=July 5, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120705132003/https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=ctp |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&startDate=0001-01-01&endDate=9996-12-31&stations=USW00014751&format=pdf |title=Station: Harrisburg CPTL CY AP, PA |work=U.S. Climate Normals 2020: U.S. Monthly Climate Normals (1991–2020) |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=August 7, 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP2/00363699.TXT |title=WMO Climate Normals for HARRISBURG/CAPITAL CI AP PA 1961–1990 |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |access-date=March 10, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240305055108/ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP2/00363699.TXT |archive-date=March 5, 2024}}</ref>
}}
{{Graph:Weather monthly history
|table=Ncei.noaa.gov/weather/Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.tab
|title=Harrisburg monthly weather statistics
}}