Editing Hair (section)

===Texture===
[[File:Natural Afro - hair type 4c- model Gwyneth Ellis.jpg|thumb|Hair type 4c]]
Hair exists in a variety of textures. Three main aspects of hair texture are the curl pattern, volume, and consistency. All mammalian hair is composed of [[keratin]], so the make-up of [[hair follicles]] is not the source of varying hair patterns. There are a range of theories pertaining to the curl patterns of hair. Scientists have come to believe that the shape of the [[hair shaft]] has an effect on the curliness of the individual's hair. A very round shaft allows for fewer [[disulfide bonds]] to be present in the hair strand. This means the bonds present are directly in line with one another, resulting in straight hair.<ref name="Davidson genomics">{{cite web|title=Curly Hair Gene|url=http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/genomics/2011/Piper/Background.html|access-date=28 January 2015|publisher=Bio.davidson.edu}}</ref>
[[File:Curlsbaby.jpg|thumb|Toddler with curly hair]]

The flatter the hair shaft becomes, the curlier hair gets, because the shape allows more [[cysteine]]s to become compacted together resulting in a bent shape that, with every additional disulfide bond, becomes curlier in form.<ref name="Davidson genomics"/> As the hair follicle shape determines curl pattern, the hair follicle size determines thickness. While the circumference of the hair follicle expands, so does the thickness of the hair follicle. An individual's hair volume, as a result, can be thin, normal, or thick. The consistency of hair can almost always be grouped into three categories: fine, medium, and coarse. This trait is determined by the hair follicle volume and the condition of the strand.<ref name="hairdressing.ac.uk 153">{{cite web |url=http://hairdressing.ac.uk/node/153 |title=Hair type, texture and density &#124; Hairdressing Training |publisher=Hairdressing.ac.uk |access-date=28 January 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150212010906/http://hairdressing.ac.uk/node/153 |archive-date=12 February 2015 }}</ref> Fine hair has the smallest circumference, coarse hair has the largest circumference, and medium hair is anywhere between the other two.<ref name="hairdressing.ac.uk 153"/> Coarse hair has a more open cuticle than thin or medium hair, causing it to be the most porous.<ref name="hairdressing.ac.uk 153"/>

===={{anchor|classification}}Classification systems====
There are various systems that people use to classify their curl patterns. Being knowledgeable of an individual's hair type is a good start to knowing how to take care of one's hair. There is not just one method to discovering one's hair type. Additionally, it is possible and quite normal to have more than one kind of hair type, for instance having a mixture of both type 3a and 3b curls.

=====Andre Walker system=====
{{Main|Andre Walker Hair Typing System}}

The Andre Walker Hair Typing System is the most widely used system to classify hair. The system was created by [[Oprah Winfrey]]'s hairstylist, [[Andre Walker]]. According to this system there are four types of hair: straight, wavy, curly, and kinky.

* Type 1 is '''straight hair''', which reflects the most sheen and also the most resilient hair of all of the hair types. It is hard to damage and immensely difficult to curl this hair texture. Because the [[sebum]] easily spreads from the scalp to the ends without curls or kinks to interrupt its path, it is the most oily hair texture of all.
* Type 2 is '''wavy hair''', whose texture and sheen ranges somewhere between straight and curly hair. Wavy hair is also more likely to become [[frizz]]y than straight hair. While type A waves can easily alternate between straight and curly styles, type B and C wavy hair is resistant to styling.
* Type 3 is [[curly hair]] known to have an S-shape. The curl pattern may resemble a lowercase "s", uppercase "S", or sometimes an uppercase "Z" or lowercase "z".{{Citation needed|reason=This is suspect (or confusing) because the uppercase "S" has the same shape as the lowercase variety|date=September 2016}} Lack of proper care causes less defined curls.
* Type 4 is [[kinky hair]], which features a tightly coiled curl pattern (or no discernible curl pattern at all) that is often fragile with a very high density. This type of hair shrinks when wet, and because it has fewer [[cuticle]] layers than other hair types, it is more susceptible to damage.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto 2.0em;"
|+ style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0.2em;"|Andre Walker hair types
|-
!colspan="3"| Type 1: Straight
|-
!style="width:3.0em;"| 1a
| Straight (Fine/Thin)&nbsp;
| Hair tends to be very soft, thin, shiny, oily, poor at holding curls, difficult to damage.
|-
! 1b
| Straight (Medium)
| Hair characterized by volume and body.
|-
! 1c
| Straight (Coarse)
| Hair tends to be bone-straight, coarse, difficult to curl.
|-
!colspan="3"| Type 2: Wavy
|-
! 2a
| Wavy (Fine/Thin)
| Hair has definite "S" pattern, can easily be straightened or curled, usually receptive to a variety of styles.
|-
! 2b
| Wavy (Medium)
| Can tend to be frizzy and a little resistant to styling.
|-
! 2c
| Wavy (Coarse)
| Fairly coarse, frizzy or very frizzy with thicker waves, often more resistant to styling.
|-
!colspan="3"| Type 3: Curly
|-
! 3a
| Curly (Loose)
| Presents a definite "S" pattern, tends to combine thickness, volume, and/or frizziness.
|-
! 3b
| Curly (Tight)
| Presents a definite "S" pattern, curls ranging from spirals to spiral-shaped corkscrews.
|-
!colspan="3"| Type 4: Kinky
|-
! 4a
| Kinky (Soft)
| Hair tends to be very wiry and fragile, tightly coiled and can feature curly patterning.
|-
! 4b
| Kinky (Wiry)
| As 4a but with less defined pattern of curls, looks more like a "Z" with sharp angles.
|-
|}

=====FIA system=====
This is a method which classifies the hair by curl pattern, hair-strand thickness and overall hair volume.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:0 auto;"
|+ style="font-size:105%;padding-bottom:0.2em;"|FIA hair classification
|-

<!---------------------- Curliness ------------------------>

!colspan="3" style="font-size:110%;"|
Curliness
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| '''''Straight'''''
|-
!style="width:3.0em;"| 1a
|colspan="2"| Stick-straight.
|-
! 1b
|colspan="2"| Straight but with a slight body wave adding some volume.
|-
! 1c
|colspan="2"| Straight with body wave and one or two visible S-waves (e.g. at nape of neck or temples).
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| '''''Wavy'''''
|-
! 2a
|colspan="2"| Loose with stretched S-waves throughout.
|-
! 2b
|colspan="2"| Shorter with more distinct S-waves (resembling e.g. braided damp hair).
|-
! 2c
|colspan="2"| Distinct S-waves, some spiral curling.
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| '''''Curly'''''
|-
! 3a
|colspan="2"| Big, loose spiral curls.
|-
! 3b
|colspan="2"| Bouncy ringlets.
|-
! 3c
|colspan="2"| Tight corkscrews.
|-
|colspan="3" style="text-align:center;"| '''''Very''' ("Really") '''curly'''''
|-
! 4a
|colspan="2"| Tightly coiled S-curls.
|-
! 4b
|colspan="2"| Z-patterned (tightly coiled, sharply angled)
|-
! 4c
|colspan="2"| Mostly Z-patterned (tightly kinked, less definition)
|-

<!----------------------- Strands ------------------------->

!colspan="3" style="font-size:110%;"|
Strands

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! F
|colspan="2"| Fine

Thin strands that sometimes are almost translucent when held up to the light. <br />Shed strands can be hard to see even against a contrasting background. <br />Fine hair is difficult to feel or it feels like an ultra-fine strand of silk.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! M
|colspan="2"| Medium

Strands are neither fine nor coarse. <br />Medium hair feels like a cotton thread, but is not stiff or rough. <br />It is neither fine nor coarse.

|- style="vertical-align:top;"
! C
|colspan="2"| Coarse

Thick strands whose shed strands usually are easily identified. <br />Coarse hair feels hard and wiry.

|-

<!----------------------- Volume -------------------------->

!colspan="3" style="font-size:110%;"|Volume<br />{{small|{{nobold|by circumference of full-hair ponytail}}}}
|-
! i
| Thin || Circumference less than 2 inches (5 centimetres)
|-
! ii
| Normal || ...&nbsp;from 2 to 4 inches (5 to 10 centimetres)
|-
! iii
| Thick || ...&nbsp;more than 4 inches (10 centimetres)
|}