Editing Guanxi (section)

==Similar concepts in other cultures==
Sociologists have linked ''guanxi'' with the concept of [[social capital]] (it has been described as a ''[[Gemeinschaft]]'' value structure), and it has been exhaustively described in Western studies of Chinese economic and political behavior.<ref name="Gold, Thomas 2002">Gold, Thomas, Douglas Guthrie, and David Wank. 2002. ''Social Connections in China: Institutions, Culture and the Changing Nature of Guanxi.'' Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</ref>
*[[Blat (Russia)|''Blat'']] in [[Russians|Russian]] culture
*Shurobadzhanashtina in [[Bulgaria]]n society
*''[[Wasta]]'' in [[Middle East]]ern culture
*''[[Sociolismo]]'' in [[Cuba]]n culture
*[[Old boy network]] in Anglo-Saxon and Finnish culture
*[[Dignitas (Roman concept)|''Dignitas'']] in ancient Roman culture
*Ksharim (literally 'connections') in Israeli culture. [[:wikt:פרוטקציה|Protektsia]] (from the word 'Protection') is the use of ksharim for personal gain or helping another, also known in slang as 'Vitamin P'.
*[[Enchufe]] (literally 'plug in' – compare English 'hook up') in Spain, meaning to 'plug' friends or acquaintances 'into' a job or position.
*''[[Compadrazgo]]'' in [[Latin America]]n culture<ref>Velez‐Calle, A., Robledo‐Ardila, C., & Rodriguez‐Rios, J. D. (2015). On the Influence of Interpersonal Relations on Business Practices in Latin America: A Comparison with the Chinese Guanxi and the Arab Wasta. Thunderbird International Business Review.</ref>
*[[Padrino System]] in the Philippines (basically "godfather" or patron), also known locally as "kapit" (Filipino word for "to hang on," "to hook on.")

===Western vs. Eastern social business relations===
The four dimensions for a successful business networking comprise: trust, bonding, mutual relationship, and empathy. Nevertheless, the points of view in which these dimensions are understood and consolidated into business tasks are extensively disparate in the East vs the West.<ref name=":3">Meiling Wong. "''Guanxi'' and its role in business." ''Chinese Management Studies'' 1:4 (2007): 257 – 276. Print.</ref>

From the Western point of view, trust is treated as shared unwavering quality, constancy, and correspondence. Instead, from the Eastern point of view, trust is additionally synonymous with obligation, where guanxi is required to be kept up through persistent long haul affiliation and connection. The Chinese system of ''wulun'' (the basic norms of ''guanxi'') supports the Eastern attitude, emphasizing that one's fulfillment of one's responsibilities in a given role ensures the smooth functioning of Chinese society. Correspondence is likewise a measurement that is substantially more stressed in the East than in the West. As per Confucianism, every individual is urged to wind up a yi-ren (exemplary individual) and compensate some help with altogether more than one has gotten. In conclusion, compassion is a measurement that is exceedingly implanted in Eastern business bonds, the significance for dealers and clients to see each other's needs is extremely important. The Confucian understanding of ''ren'', which also equates to "Do not do to others as one does not want others to do to him", stresses the importance for sellers and customers to understand each other's needs.<ref name=":3" />

Cross-cultural differences in its usage also distinguish Western relationship marketing from Chinese ''guanxi''. Unlike Western relationship marketing, where networking plays a more surface-level impersonal role in shaping larger business relations, ''guanxi'' plays a much more central and personal role in shaping social business relations. Chinese culture borrows much of its practices from Confucianism, which emphasizes collectivism and long-term personal relations. Likewise, ''guanxi'' functions within Chinese culture and directly reflects the values and behaviors expressed in Chinese business relations.<ref name="Yang">{{Cite journal|title = The Importance of Guanxi to Multinational Companies in China|last = Yang|first = Fang|date = July 2011|journal = Asian Social Science|volume = 7|issue = 7|doi = 10.5539/ass.v7n7p163|id = {{ProQuest|877038279}}|doi-access = free}}</ref> For example, reciprocal obligation plays an intricate role in maintaining harmonious business relations. It is expected that both sides not only stay friendly with each other, but also reciprocate a favor given by the other party. Western relationship marketing, on the other hand, is much more formally constructed, in which no social obligation and further exchanges of favors are expected. Thus, long-term personal relations are more emphasized in Chinese ''guanxi'' practice than in Western relationship marketing.<ref name="Yang"/>