Editing Gniezno (section)

===Late modern period===
[[File:Napoleon Orda, Gniezno. Kościół Franciszkanów.jpg|thumb|left|19th-century painting of Gniezno]]
Gniezno was annexed by the [[Kingdom of Prussia]] in the 1793 [[Second Partition of Poland]] and renamed ''Gnesen'', becoming part of the province of [[South Prussia]]. During the [[Kościuszko Uprising]], the Polish army under General [[Jan Henryk Dąbrowski]] liberated<ref>''25.9 wyzwolono Gniezno (on 25th 9 Gniezno was liberated)'' {{in lang|en}} {{cite book |author1=Marian B. Michalik |author2=Eugeniusz Duraczyński |title=Kronika powstań polskich 1794–1944 |year=1994 |page=44 |publisher="Kronika"-Marian B. Michalik |isbn=83-86079-02-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AAhpAAAAMAAJ&q=Gniezno}}</ref> the town on 22 August 1794 and defeated a [[Prussian Army]] north of Gnesen near Labischin ([[Łabiszyn]]) on 29 September 1794. But because of Kościuszko's defeat at the [[Battle of Maciejowice]] he gave up his plan to winter in Bromberg ([[Bydgoszcz]]) and moved through Thorn ([[Toruń]]) and retreated to central Poland. Thus, the Prussians retook it on 7 December 1794. During the [[Napoleonic Wars]] there was an [[Greater Poland Uprising (1806)|uprising]] against Prussian rule. The French appeared in Gnesen in November 1806, and following General Jan Henryk Dabrowski's order issued to all towns and cities and country property owners to provide recruits for the organizing Polish forces, Gnesen initially provided 60 recruits who participated in the battles of 1806–07.<ref>{{in lang|en}} {{cite book |author1=Marian B. Michalik |author2=Eugeniusz Duraczyński |title=Roczniki |year=1891 |page=44 |publisher=Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk ([[Poznań Society of Friends of Learning]]) |isbn=83-86079-02-9 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dFooAAAAYAAJ&q=Gniezno+60+rekrut%C3%B3w}}</ref> The 9th Polish Infantry Regiment was formed in Gniezno in 1806.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gembarzewski|first=Bronisław|title=Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831|year=1925|language=pl|publisher=Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej|location=Warszawa|page=55}}</ref> Consequently, the town, once again as ''Gniezno'', was included within the [[Duchy of Warsaw]], but upon the defeat of Napoleon in Russia in 1812 it was occupied by the Russian army and was returned to Prussia in the 1815 [[Congress of Vienna]]. Gnesen was subsequently governed within [[Kreis Gnesen]] of the [[Grand Duchy of Posen]] and the later [[Province of Posen]]. It was an important centre of [[Resistance movements in partitioned Poland (1795–1918)|Polish resistance]] against [[Germanisation of Poles during the Partitions|Germanisation]] policies, various Polish organizations and publishing houses were located there.<ref name=pwn/> In 1857, Jews accounted for 27 percent of the population, which number decreased by emigration to more developed towns of Germany to 14.5 percent in 1871.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gniezno|series=The Yivo encyclopedia of Jews in Eastern Europe|url=https://yivoencyclopedia.org/article.aspx/gniezno|access-date=2023-10-23|website=yivoencyclopedia.org}}</ref>

In 1903, amid [[Września children strike|school strikes]] elsewhere in Prussian Poland, Prussian authorities arrested 50 Polish children and teachers in Gnesen on charges of high treason. They were accused of studying Polish culture and of "conspiring against the well-being of the Prussian State".<ref>{{Cite news |date=1903-08-30 |title=' ROUND ABOUT EUROPE |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1903/08/30/archives/-round-about-europe.html |access-date=2024-08-31 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>

Following the [[Greater Poland Uprising (1918–1919)]] and the [[Treaty of Versailles]] the town became part of the [[Second Polish Republic]] and reverted to its original name of Gniezno. 31 Polish insurgents from the city died in the Greater Poland Uprising.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Olszewski|first1=Wiesław|last2=Jastrząb|first2=Łukasz|year=2008|title=Lista strat Powstania Wielkopolskiego od 27.12.1918 r. do 8.03.1920 r.|language=pl|location=Koszalin|publisher=Wydawnictwo Uczelniane [[Koszalin University of Technology|Politechniki Koszalińskiej]]|page=62}}</ref> Its citizen-soldiers joined the Polish army fighting the Bolsheviks during the [[Polish–Soviet War]].<ref>{{in lang|en}} {{cite book |author=Marian Woźniak |title=Encyklopedia konspiracji wielkopolskiej: 1939–1945 (Encyclopedia of conspiracy in Greater Poland: 1939–1945) |year=1998 |publisher=Instytut Zachodni |isbn=83-85003-97-5 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nxFnAAAAMAAJ&q=Encyklopedia+konspiracji+Wielkopolskiej:+1939-1945}} multiple pages (individual biographies) e.g. p. 275</ref> The first Polish [[folk high school]] was established in the present-day district of [[Dalki, Gniezno|Dalki]] in 1921.<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Maliszewski|first=Tomasz|year=2012|title=Dziewięćdziesięciolecie powstania uniwersytetu ludowego w Dalkach|magazine=Biuletyn Historii Wychowania|language=pl|publisher=[[Poznań Society of Friends of Learning|Poznańskie Towarzystwo Przyjaciół Nauk]]|location=Poznań|issue=27|page=142|issn=1233-2224}}</ref>