Editing Giza (section)

===Classical to medieval era===
[[File:Description de l'Egypte - Etat Moderne - Pl 16.jpg|thumb|Giza and the bridge from [[Roda Island]] in {{circa|1800}} ''[[Description de l'Égypte]]'']]
As ancient Egypt passed under several conquests under the Persians, Greeks, Romans and Byzantines, so did the area in what is now Giza. A Byzantine village named ''Phylake'' ({{Langx|el|Φυλακή}}) or ''Terso'' ({{Langx|cop|ϯⲣⲥⲱ}}, meaning "the fortress", now ''Tersa'') was located south of Giza and should not be confused with it.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.trismegistos.org/place/10908|title=TM Places|website=[[Trismegistos]]|access-date=18 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190418092737/https://www.trismegistos.org/place/10908|archive-date=18 April 2019|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>موسوعة " القاموس الجغرافى للبلاد المصرية " – محمد رمزى بك (قسم ثانى ج3 – ص4): مركز وثائق وتاريخ مصر المعاصر الهيئة المصرية العامةللكتاب ط 1994
</ref><ref>جغرافية مصر في العصر القبطى – الفرنسى أميلينو : الهيئة المصرية العامة للكتاب2013 ترجمة ميخائيل مكسى إسكندر – استدراكات العلامة محمد رمزى على الكتاب في الجزء الثالث من ص 274: نشر المعهد العلمى الفرنسى
</ref>

[[Egyptians]] called the area '''Tipersis''' (Bohairic {{Langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ}}{{efn|Other forms are {{langx|cop|ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ}}, {{langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲓ}}, {{langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲟⲥ}}, {{langx|cop|ϯⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲱϯ}} and {{langx|cop|ⲡⲣⲥⲱⲓ}}}} and Sahidic {{Langx|cop|ⲧⲡⲉⲣⲥⲓⲥ ⲛ̀ⲃⲁⲃⲩⲗⲱⲛ|lit=the Persian (fortress) of [[Babylon fortress|Babylon]]}}).<ref>{{Cite book|title=La géographie de l'Egypte à l'époque copte|url=https://archive.org/details/lagographiedele00amgoog|last=Amélineau|first=Emile|publisher=Imprimerie nationale|year=1893|location=Paris|pages=[https://archive.org/details/lagographiedele00amgoog/page/n241 190]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.trismegistos.org/place/50123|title=Trismegistos|website=www.trismegistos.org|access-date=22 November 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201034757/http://www.trismegistos.org/place/50123|archive-date=1 December 2017|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Stefan |first=Timm |title=Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit |year=1988 |pages=1055}}</ref> [[Eutychius of Alexandria|Eutychius]] gives a legend about the city's name and its foundation by [[Artaxerxes III|Artaxerxes Ochus]] or Hūš ({{Langx|ar|خوش}}),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Evetts |first=B. T. A. |title=The Churches and Monasteries of Egypt and Some Neighbouring Countries |pages=177}}</ref> and Abu Salih says it was found by him at the same time as [[Babylon Fortress|Qasr ash-Sham]],<ref>{{Cite book|title=Das christlich-koptische Agypten in arabischer Zeit (Teil 3 G-L)|last=Timm|first=Stefan|year=1985|location=Wiesbaden|pages=1058}}</ref> but as older evidence is missing, it is perhaps most likely to have been founded during the [[Sasanian conquest of Egypt]] in the early [[7th century]].<ref name=":02">{{Cite web |last=Peust |first=Carsten |title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten |url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |page=44 |access-date=13 May 2020 |archive-date=9 October 2022 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

As [[Muslims]] of the fledgling [[Islamic]] [[Rashidun Caliphate|caliphate]] went on with their conquest of Egypt from the Byzantine Empire beginning in 639 AD, three years after their victory at the [[battle of Yarmouk]] in 636 AD, they conquered all of the land by the time they [[Siege of Alexandria 641|captured]] the city of [[Alexandria]] in 641 AD. A year later in 642 AD ([[Hijri year|year]] 21 in Islamic calendar), they founded the city of Giza. The exact etymology of its name is unknown. [[Al-Maqrizi]] suggested an irregular Arameo-Arabic root meaning "edge, side" to be the source. Everett-Heath suggested {{Langx|egy|r-gs-ḥr}}  "on the side of the height (pyramid)". Peust also suggests a Persian etymology of the word from {{Langx|pal|𐭣𐭦|lit=fortress, castle|translit=diz}}, which Persians could have given to the pyramids or a fortress they found in the area.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Die Toponyme vorarabischen Ursprungs im modernen Ägypten|url=http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf|last=Peust|first=Carsten|access-date=13 May 2020|archive-date=9 October 2022|archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.peust.de/ortsnamen_original.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>