Editing Ghetto (section)

=== In the United Kingdom ===
The existence of [[ethnic enclave]]s in the [[United Kingdom]] is [[White flight#United Kingdom|controversial]]. [[Southall|Southall Broadway]], a predominantly [[British Asian|Asian]] area in [[Greater London]], where less than 12 percent of the population is [[White British|white]], has been cited as an example of a 'ghetto', but in reality the area is home to a number of different [[ethnic group]]s and [[Religion in the United Kingdom|religious groups]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=Browne |first=Anthony |date=May 5, 2004 |title=We cant run away from it white flight is here too |url=https://www.thetimes.com/world/us-world/article/we-cant-run-away-from-it-white-flight-is-here-too-6mh6wpbz56v |access-date=May 3, 2010 |work=[[The Times]] |location=London}}</ref><ref>Kerr, Joe, and Andrew Gibson, eds. 2003. ''London from Punk to Blair''. London: [[Reaktion Books]]. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1lTKo19z0yAC&q=+Ghetto&pg=PA53 pp. 51, 53, 55, 69, 378].</ref>

Analysis of data from [[2001 United Kingdom census|Census 2001]] revealed that only two [[Ward (electoral subdivision)|wards]] in [[England and Wales]], both in [[Birmingham]], had one dominant non-white ethnic group comprising more than two-thirds of the local population, but there were 20 wards where [[White people|whites]] were a minority making up less than a third of the local population.<ref>Bains, Baljit. October 2005. "[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/17782654/patterns-of-ethnic-segregation-in-london-pdf-londongovuk- Patterns of Ethnic Segregation in London]." ''Data Management and Analysis Briefing'' 2005 (38). UK: [[Greater London Authority]]. Available as [https://web.archive.org/web/20070930211639/http://www.london.gov.uk/gla/publications/factsandfigures/dmag-briefing-2005-38.rtf Word document]. {{ISSN|1479-7879}}. Retrieved 19 July 2020. p. 3.</ref><ref>Shepherd, Anne. "[http://www.lse.ac.uk/social-policy/research/Research-clusters/british-society-for-population-studies/about About]." ''[[British Society for Population Studies]]''. UK: [[London School of Economics and Political Science]]. Retrieved 19 July 2020.</ref> By 2001, two London boroughs—[[London Borough of Newham|Newham]] and [[London Borough of Brent|Brent]]—had "[[Majority minority|minority majority]]" populations, and most parts of the city tend to have a diverse population.{{Citation needed|date=November 2021}}

Historically, some parts of London have long been noted for the prevalence of a particular ethnic or religious group (such as the Jewish communities of [[Golders Green]] and other parts of the [[London Borough of Barnet]], and the West Indian community of [[Notting Hill]]), but in each case these populations have been part of a broader multicultural population. In the late 19th and early 20th century, the [[East End]] of London was also noted for its Jewish population, but now has a significant [[British Bangladeshi]] populace.<ref>"[https://jewishmuseum.org.uk/50-objects/theme/east-end/ 50 Objects: 'London's East End']," ''jewishmuseum.org.uk''. Retrieved 18 October 2021.</ref>

==== In Northern Ireland ====
{{Multiple image
| direction         = vertical
| width             = 200
| image1            = Belfast peaceline Bombay Street.jpg
| caption1          = A "peace line" in [[Belfast]], seen from the Irish nationalist/republican side. The small back row of houses are protected by cages as missiles are sometimes thrown from the other side.
| image2            = Sandy Row mural, Belfast.jpg
| caption2          = [[Murals in Northern Ireland|Mural]] at the edge of a loyalist ghetto in Belfast
}}

In [[Northern Ireland]], towns and cities have long been [[Segregation in Northern Ireland|segregated along ethnic, religious and political lines]]. The two main communities of Northern Ireland are:

# the [[Irish nationalism|Irish nationalist]]-[[Irish republicanism|republican]] community, who mainly self-identify as [[Irish people|Irish]] or [[Catholic Church|Catholic]]; and
# the [[Unionism in Ireland|unionist]]-[[Ulster loyalism|loyalist]] community, who mainly self-identify as [[British people|British]] or [[Protestantism in Ireland|Protestant]].

Ghettos emerged in [[Belfast]] during the [[riot]]s that accompanied the [[Irish War of Independence]]. For safety, people fled to areas where their community was the majority. Many more ghettos emerged after the [[1969 Northern Ireland riots|1969 riots]] and beginning of the "[[The Troubles|Troubles]]." In August 1969 the [[British Army]] was deployed to restore order and separate the two sides. The government built barriers called "[[peace lines]]." Many of the ghettos came under the control of [[paramilitary|paramilitaries]] such as the (republican) [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]] and the (loyalist) [[Ulster Defence Association]]. One of the most notable ghettos was [[Free Derry]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2015-07-31 |title=History Battle of the Bogside |url=http://www.museumoffreederry.org/history-battle01.html |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150731031114/http://www.museumoffreederry.org/history-battle01.html |archive-date=2015-07-31 |access-date=2017-04-17 |website=The Museum of Free Derry}}</ref>