Editing Geordie (section)

===Consonants===
Geordie [[consonant]]s generally follow those of [[Received Pronunciation]], with these unique characteristics as follows:

* {{IPA|/ɪŋ/}} appearing in an unstressed final syllable of a word (such as in ''reading'') is pronounced as {{IPA|[ən]}} (thus, ''reading'' is {{IPA|[ˈɹiːdən]}}).
* The Geordie accent does not use the glottal stop in a usual fashion. It is characterised by a unique type of glottal stops. {{IPA|/p, t, k/}} can all be pronounced simultaneously with a glottal stop after them in Geordie, both at the end of a syllable and sometimes before a weak vowel.{{sfnp|Wells|1982|p=374}}
** [[T-glottalization|T-glottalisation]], in which {{IPA|/t/}} is realised by {{IPA|[ʔ]}} before a syllabic nasal (e.g., ''button'' as {{IPA|[ˈbʊtʔn̩]}}), in absolute final position (''get'' as {{IPA|[ɡɛtʔ]}}), and whenever the {{IPA|/t/}} is intervocalic so long as the latter vowel is not stressed (''pity'' as {{IPA|[ˈpɪtʔi]}}).
** Glottaling in Geordie is known as 'pre-glottalisation', which is "an occlusion at the appropriate place of articulation and 'glottalisation', usually manifested as a short period of laryngealised voice before and/or after and often also during the stop gap".{{sfnp|Watt|Allen|2003|p=268}} This type of glottal is unique to Tyneside English.<ref>{{Cite book |chapter=Glottal variants of (t) in the Tyneside variety of English: an acoustic profiling study|last1=Docherty |last2=Foulkes |first1=Gerard |first2=Paul Foulkes |title=A Figure of Speech – a Festschrift for John Laver|publisher=Lawrence Erlbaum |year=2005 |editor1-last=Hardcastle |editor1-first=William |editor2=Janet Beck |location=London |pages=173–199}}</ref>
* Other [[voiceless]] [[stop consonant|stops]], {{IPA|/p, k/}}, are glottally reinforced in medial position, and [[preaspiration|preaspirated]] in final position.{{sfnp|Watt|Allen|2003|p=268}}
* The dialect is [[non-rhotic]] like most other dialects of England, with {{IPA|/r/}} being realised most commonly as an alveolar approximant {{IPAblink|ɹ}}, although a labiodental realisation {{IPAblink|ʋ}} is additionally growing in prevalence among younger females. (This variant is also possible, albeit rarer, in the speech of older males.) Traditionally, [[intrusive R]] was not present in Geordie, with speakers instead glottalising between boundaries; however, it is present in newer varieties of the dialect.{{sfnp|Watt|Allen|2003|p=268}}
* [[Yod-coalescence|''Yod''-coalescence]] in both stressed and unstressed syllables (so that ''dew'' becomes {{IPA|[dʒɵʊ]}}).
* {{IPA|/l/}} is traditionally clear in all contexts, meaning the [[Dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants#Velarized alveolar lateral approximant|velarised allophone]] is absent. However, modern accents may periodically use {{IPA|[ɫ]}} in syllable final positions, sometimes it may even be [[L-vocalization|vocalised]] (as in ''bottle'' {{IPA|[ˈbɒʔʊ]}}).{{sfnp|Watt|Allen|2003|p=268}}