Editing French fries (section)

== Global use ==
=== Belgium ===
Fries are very popular in Belgium, where they are known as {{lang|nl|frieten}} (in Flemish) or {{lang|fr|frites}} (in Belgian French), and the Netherlands, where among the working classes they are known as ''patat'' in the north and, in the south, ''friet(en)''.<ref>See [[:File:Kaart patat friet frieten.svg|this map]] indicating where patat/friet/frieten is used in the Low Countries</ref> In Belgium, fries are sold in shops called {{lang|fr|[[Friterie|friteries]]}} (French), {{lang|nl|frietkot}}/{{lang|nl|frituur}} (Flemish), {{lang|nl|snackbar}} (Dutch in The Netherlands) or {{lang|de|Fritüre}}/{{lang|de|Frittüre}} (German). They are served with [[Belgian sauces|a large variety of Belgian sauces]] and eaten either on their own or with other snacks. Traditionally fries are served in a {{lang|fr|cornet de frites}} (French), {{lang|nl|patatzak}}/{{lang|nl|frietzak}}/{{lang|nl|fritzak}} (Dutch/Flemish), or {{lang|de|Frittentüte}} (German), a white cardboard cone, then wrapped in paper, with a spoonful of sauce (often mayonnaise) on top.

=== France ===
In France and other French-speaking countries, fried potatoes are formally {{lang|fr|pommes de terre frites}}, but more commonly {{lang|fr|pommes frites}} ("fried apples"), {{lang|fr|patates frites}}, or simply {{lang|fr|frites}}. The words {{lang|fr|aiguillettes}} ("needle-ettes") or {{lang|fr|allumettes}} ("matchsticks") are used when the french fries are very small and thin. One enduring origin story holds that french fries were invented by street vendors on the [[Pont Neuf]] bridge in [[Paris]] in 1789, just before the outbreak of the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{cite news|date=2 January 2013|title=La frite est-elle Belge ou Française ?|language=fr|work=[[Le Monde]]|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/style/article/2013/01/02/la-frite-est-elle-belge-ou-francaise_1811949_1575563.html|access-date=3 February 2014|archive-date=15 February 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140215144331/http://www.lemonde.fr/style/article/2013/01/02/la-frite-est-elle-belge-ou-francaise_1811949_1575563.html|url-status=live}}</ref> However, a reference exists in France from 1775 to "a few pieces of fried potato" and to "fried potatoes".<ref name="ppc_hess1b">{{cite book|last=Le Moyne Des Essarts|first=Nicolas-Toussaint|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=DhMEi6nMuRAC&q=pomme%20frites&pg=RA1-PA81|title=Causes célebres curieuses et interessantes, de toutes les cours&nbsp;..., Volume 5, p. 41 and P. 159|date=1775|author-link=Nicolas-Toussaint Des Essarts|access-date=16 November 2014}}</ref> Eating potatoes for sustenance was promoted in France by [[Antoine-Augustin Parmentier]], but he did not mention ''fried'' potatoes in particular. A note in a manuscript in U.S. president Thomas Jefferson's hand (circa 1801–1809) mentions ''"Pommes de terre frites à cru, en petites tranches"'' ("Potatoes deep-fried while raw, in small slices"). The [[recipe]] almost certainly comes from his French [[chef]], Honoré Julien.<ref name="ppc_hess1" /> 
The thick-cut fries are called {{lang|fr|pommes Pont-Neuf}}<ref name="stange" /> or simply {{lang|fr|pommes frites}} (about {{cvt|10|mm|disp=or|frac=8}}); thinner variants are {{lang|fr|pommes allumettes}} (matchstick potatoes; about {{cvt|7|mm|frac=8|disp=or}}), and {{lang|fr|pommes paille}} (potato straws; {{cvt|4|mm|frac=8|disp=or}}). {{lang|fr|Pommes gaufrettes}} are [[waffle fries]]. A popular dish in France is [[steak frites]], which is steak accompanied by thin french fries.

=== Germany ===
[[File:Nepomuk Altenkunstadt Currywurst Pommes.JPG|thumb|left|[[Currywurst]] and fries, Germany]]

French fries migrated to the German-speaking countries during the 19th century. In Germany, they are usually known by the French words {{lang|fr|pommes frites}}, or only {{lang|de|Pommes}} or {{lang|de|Fritten}} (derived from the French words, but pronounced as German words).<ref>[https://archive.today/20120906222727/http://www.philhist.uni-augsburg.de/lehrstuehle/germanistik/sprachwissenschaft/ada/runde_1/f06/ "Erste Runde – Pommes frites"], ''Atlas zur deutschen Alltagssprache'' (AdA), Phil.-Hist. Fakultät, Universität Augsburg, 10. November 2005</ref> Often served with ketchup or mayonnaise, they are popular as a side dish in restaurants, or as a street-food snack purchased at an {{lang|de|Imbissstand}} ([[food stand|snack stand]]). Since the 1950s, ''[[currywurst]]'' has become a widely-popular dish that is commonly offered with fries. Currywurst is a sausage (often [[bratwurst]] or [[bockwurst]]) in a spiced ketchup-based sauce, dusted with [[curry powder]] and served with fries.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Currywurst {{!}} Traditional Sausage Dish From Berlin {{!}} TasteAtlas |url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/currywurst |access-date=2024-03-05 |website=www.tasteatlas.com}}</ref>

=== United Kingdom ===
[[File: Fish and chips blackpool.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Fish and chips]]]]
The standard deep-fried cut potatoes in the United Kingdom are called chips, and are cut into pieces between {{convert|10|and|15|mm|in|abbr=on}} thick. They are occasionally made from unpeeled potatoes (skins showing). British ''chips'' are not the same thing as [[potato chip]]s (an American term); those are called "crisps" in the UK and some other countries. In the UK, chips are part of the popular, and now international, [[fast food]] dish [[fish and chips]]. In the UK, the name chips are a separate item to french fries; with chips being more thickly cut than french fries, they can be cooked once or multiple times at different temperatures.<ref>Alan Davidson, ''The Oxford Companion to Food'', p. 180, Oxford University Press, 2014 {{ISBN|0199677336}}.</ref><ref>Brian Yarvin, ''The Ploughman's Lunch and the Miser's Feast'', p. 83, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012 {{ISBN|1558324135}}.</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Mcalpine|first1=Fraser|title=Fries or chips? What is the Difference Between French Fries and British Chips?|url=https://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2015/07/what-is-the-difference-between-french-fries-and-british-chips|access-date=16 July 2020|website=BBC America|archive-date=12 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112000500/https://www.bbcamerica.com/anglophenia/2015/07/what-is-the-difference-between-french-fries-and-british-chips|url-status=live}}</ref> From 1813 on, recipes for deep-fried cut potatoes occur in popular cookbooks.<ref name="ude1">Ude, Louis (1822) [[iarchive:frenchcook01udegoog|''The French Cook'']]. J. Ebers</ref> By the late 1850s, at least one cookbook refers to "French Fried Potatoes".<ref name="warren1">{{cite book|last=Warren|first=Eliza|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AkMCAAAAQAAJ&q=%22french+fried+potatoes%22|title=The Economical Cookery Book for Housewives, Cooks, and Maids-Of-All-Work, With Hints to the Mistress and Servant|date=c. 1859|publisher=Piper, Stephenson, and Spence|location=London|page=88|oclc=27869877|quote=French Fried Potatoes}}</ref>

The first commercially available chips in the UK were sold by Mrs 'Granny' Duce in one of the [[West Riding of Yorkshire|West Riding]] towns in 1854.<ref>Chaloner, W. H.; Henderson, W. O. (1990). ''Industry and Innovation: Selected Essays''. Taylor & Francis {{ISBN|0714633356}}.</ref> A [[blue plaque]] in [[Oldham]] marks the origin of the [[Fish and chips#United Kingdom|fish-and-chip]] shop, and thus the start of the fast food industry in Britain.<ref>{{cite web|title=Blue Plaques|url=https://www.oldham.gov.uk/info/200276/local_history/1861/blue_plaques|access-date=9 May 2021|website=Oldham.gov.uk|language=en|quote=John Lees – originator of fish and chips. Market Hall, Albion Street, Oldham.}}</ref> In Scotland, chips were first sold in [[Dundee]]: "in the 1870s, that glory of British gastronomy – the chip – was first sold by Belgian immigrant Edward De Gernier in the city's Greenmarket".<ref name="dundee1">{{cite web|title=Dundee Fact File|url=http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/departments/fact.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070408055244/http://www.dundeecity.gov.uk/departments/fact.htm|archive-date=8 April 2007|access-date=20 March 2007|publisher=Dundee City Council}}</ref> In Ireland the first chip shop was "opened by Giuseppe Cervi", an Italian immigrant, "who arrived there in the 1880s".<ref>{{Cite web|date=14 March 2017|title=A postcard, Giuseppe Cervi and the story of the Dublin chipper.|url=https://comeheretome.com/2017/03/14/a-postcard-giuseppe-cervi-and-the-story-of-the-dublin-chipper/|access-date=15 March 2017|website=Come Here To Me!|archive-date=1 June 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190601193822/https://comeheretome.com/2017/03/14/a-postcard-giuseppe-cervi-and-the-story-of-the-dublin-chipper/|url-status=live}}</ref> It was estimated in 2011 that in the UK, 80% of households bought frozen chips each year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Top Chip Facts|url=http://www.lovechips.co.uk/chip-facts/|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110211034642/http://www.lovechips.co.uk/chip-facts/|archive-date=11 February 2011|access-date=11 February 2011}}. Lovechips.co.uk. 27 February 2011</ref> Although chips were a popular dish in most [[Commonwealth of Nations|Commonwealth countries]], the "thin style" french fries have been popularised worldwide in large part by the large American fast food chains such as McDonald's and [[Burger King]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Popularization|date=21 April 2011 |url=https://www.today.com/food/how-time-fries-have-potatoes-outlived-their-potential-1C9005243|access-date=3 January 2018|publisher=today.com|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030090642/https://www.today.com/food/how-time-fries-have-potatoes-outlived-their-potential-1C9005243|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Netherlands ===
"{{lang|fr|Pommes frites}}" or just "{{lang|fr|frites}}" (French), "''frieten''" (a word used in Flanders and the southern provinces of the Netherlands) or "''patat''" (used in the north and central parts of the Netherlands) became a national snack.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Schehr|first1=Lawrence R.|title=French Food: On the Table On the Page and in French Culture|last2=Weiss|first2=Allen S. |publisher=Routledge |year=2001 |isbn=978-0415936286 |location=Abingdon |pages=158–159}}</ref> Fries also come in the form of a common Dutch street food, known as ''Patatje Oorlog'', translated to as "war fries". It consists of fries dressed with mayonnaise, a peanut-based satay sauce and garnished with diced raw onions along with a variety of other optional ingredients.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.tasteatlas.com/patatje-oorlog|title=Patatje Oorlog: Dutch Street Food}}</ref>

=== United States ===
In the United States, the [[Simplot|J. R. Simplot Company]] is credited with successfully commercialising french fries in frozen form during the 1940s. Subsequently, in 1967, [[Ray Kroc]] of McDonald's contracted the Simplot company to supply them with frozen fries, replacing fresh-cut potatoes. In 2004, 29% of the United States' potato crop was used to make frozen fries; 90% consumed by the food services sector and 10% by retail.<ref>{{cite web|title=Frozen Potato Fries Situation and Outlook|url=http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/Hort_Circular/2001/01-01/froznpot.htm|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131215014400/http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/Hort_Circular/2001/01-01/froznpot.htm|archive-date=15 December 2013|access-date=12 September 2012}}</ref> The United States supplies China with most of their french fries, as 70% of China's french fries are imported.<ref>{{cite web|title=China's US importation|url=https://www.forbes.com/2006/10/12/china-agriculture-mcdonalds-biz_cx_jc_1012potato.html#52735f7352b8|access-date=7 January 2018|work=[[Forbes]]|archive-date=8 June 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130608100706/http://www.forbes.com/2006/10/12/china-agriculture-mcdonalds-biz_cx_jc_1012potato.html#52735f7352b8|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Import">{{cite web|date=5 October 2015|title=Potato Imports to China Report|url=https://www.potatopro.com/news/2015/potatoes-and-potato-products-china-2015-gain-report|website=Potatoepro.com|access-date=7 January 2018|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106073141/https://www.potatopro.com/news/2015/potatoes-and-potato-products-china-2015-gain-report|url-status=live}}</ref> Pre-made french fries have been available for [[home cooking]] since the 1960s, having been pre-fried (or sometimes baked), frozen and placed in a sealed plastic bag.<ref>{{cite web|title=Pre-Made Fries|url=http://www.historyoffastfood.com/fast-food-types/french-fries-history-and-facts/|access-date=3 January 2018|publisher=historyoffastfood.com|archive-date=23 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201123223032/http://www.historyoffastfood.com/fast-food-types/french-fries-history-and-facts/|url-status=live}}</ref> Some fast-food chains dip the fries in a sugar solution or a starch batter, to alter the appearance or texture.<ref>{{Cite magazine|date=25 February 2001|title=The Trouble with Fries|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2001/03/05/the-trouble-with-fries|magazine=The New Yorker|language=en-US|access-date=17 August 2021|archive-date=29 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210729000320/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2001/03/05/the-trouble-with-fries|url-status=live}}</ref> French fries are one of the most popular dishes in the United States, commonly being served as a side dish to main dishes and in fast food restaurants. The average American eats around {{convert|30|lb|kg}} of french fries a year.<ref>{{cite web|date=22 November 2016|title=Amount of French Fries|url=http://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/2014/07/18/things-didn-t-know-about-french-fries.html|access-date=4 January 2018|publisher=[[Fox News]]|archive-date=25 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125154949/https://www.foxnews.com/food-drink/2014/07/18/things-didn-t-know-about-french-fries.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== New Brunswick ===
The town of [[Florenceville-Bristol]], [[New Brunswick]] in Canada, headquarters of [[McCain Foods]], calls itself "the French fry capital of the world" and also hosts a museum about potatoes called Potato World.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20141207110058/http://thechronicleherald.ca/travel/1237742-nb-museum-celebrates-the-humble-spud N.B. museum celebrates the humble spud | The Chronicle Herald]. Thechronicleherald.ca (19 September 2014). Retrieved on 13 November 2016.</ref> McCain Foods is the world's largest manufacturer of frozen french fries and other potato specialities.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Stephenson|first1=Amanda|date=14 June 2021|title=French fry giant McCain Foods' environmental promises could change potato farming in Alberta|publisher=Calgary Herald|url=https://calgaryherald.com/business/local-business/french-fry-giant-mccain-foods-environmental-promises-could-change-potato-farming-in-ab|access-date=25 October 2021|archive-date=25 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211025234338/https://calgaryherald.com/business/local-business/french-fry-giant-mccain-foods-environmental-promises-could-change-potato-farming-in-ab|url-status=live}}</ref>

=== Québec ===
[[File:La Banquise Poutine.jpg|thumb|A popular [[Cuisine of Quebec|Québécois]] dish is [[poutine]], such as this one from [[La Banquise]] restaurant in [[Montreal]]. It is made with french fries, [[cheese curds]] and [[gravy]].]]

French fries are the main ingredient in the [[Quebecois cuisine|Québécois]] dish known as ''[[poutine]]'', a dish consisting of fried potatoes covered with [[cheese curd]]s and brown [[gravy]]. Poutine has a growing number of variations, but it is generally considered to have been developed in rural [[Québec]] sometime in the 1950s, although precisely where in the province it first appeared is a matter of contention.<ref name="montrealgazette.com">{{cite news|last=Semenak|first=Susan|date=6 February 2015|title=Backstage at La Banquise – because it's always poutine week there|work=Montreal Gazette|url=https://montrealgazette.com/life/food/backstage-at-la-banquise|access-date=27 January 2019|archive-date=1 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201201104816/https://montrealgazette.com/life/food/backstage-at-la-banquise|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Sekules|first=Kate|date=23 May 2007|title=A Staple From Quebec, Embarrassing but Adored|work=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/dining/23pout.html?ex=1337572800&en=42c5e67c003989af&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|access-date=19 May 2008|archive-date=14 April 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220414190418/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/05/23/dining/23pout.html?ex=1337572800&en=42c5e67c003989af&ei=5124&partner=permalink&exprod=permalink|url-status=live}} Article on Poutine coming to New York City</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Kane|first=Marion|date=8 November 2008|title=The war of the curds|url=https://www.thestar.com/living/Food/article/530474|journal=The Star|access-date=16 December 2001|archive-date=9 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109023558/https://www.thestar.com/life/food_wine/2008/11/08/the_war_of_the_curds.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Canada is also responsible for providing 22% of China's french fries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Canada's Imports|url=http://www.frozenfoodsbiz.com/potatoes/12/56-industry-news/70-potatoes/2437-as-french-fry-production-rises-in-china-imports-may-dip|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180108174908/http://www.frozenfoodsbiz.com/potatoes/12/56-industry-news/70-potatoes/2437-as-french-fry-production-rises-in-china-imports-may-dip|archive-date=8 January 2018|access-date=7 January 2018|publisher=frozenfoodsbiz.com}}</ref><ref name="Import" />

=== Spain ===
In Spain, fried potatoes are called ''patatas fritas'' or ''papas fritas''. Another common form, involving larger irregular cuts, is ''[[patatas bravas]]''. The potatoes are cut into big chunks, partially boiled and then fried. They are usually seasoned with a spicy tomato sauce.<ref>{{cite web|title=Patatas Bravas|url=http://www.spanish-food.org/spanish-tapas-patatas-bravas.html|access-date=12 November 2017|publisher=spanish-food.org|archive-date=24 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201124073035/https://www.spanish-food.org/spanish-tapas-patatas-bravas.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Fries are a common side dish in Latin American cuisine or part of larger preparations such as the [[salchipapas]] in Peru or [[chorrillana]] in Chile.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Gregory|first=Vanessa|date=5 November 2009|title=Tastes of Newly Fashionable Valparaíso, Chile|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08journeys.html|access-date=17 August 2021|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225034745/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/08/travel/08journeys.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last=Mishan|first=Ligaya|date=18 July 2019|title=Peruvian, Fortifying and Frank, at Warique in Queens|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/18/dining/warique-review-queens.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220102/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/18/dining/warique-review-queens.html |archive-date=2 January 2022 |url-access=limited |url-status=live|access-date=17 August 2021|issn=0362-4331}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

=== South Africa ===
Whilst eating 'regular' crispy french fries is common in South Africa, a regional favourite, particularly in [[Cape Town]], is a soft soggy version doused in white vinegar called "slap-chips" (pronounced "''slup-chips''" in English or "''slaptjips''" in Afrikaans).<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|date=19 February 2018|title=Slap Chips - a Cape Town favourite|url=https://www.capetownetc.com/cape-town/slap-chips/|access-date=28 August 2019|website=Capetownetc.com|archive-date=6 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201106114909/https://www.capetownetc.com/cape-town/slap-chips/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=1 March 2016|title=Top tips for making the perfect fries|url=https://www.food24.com/News-and-Guides/Food-in-Focus/Top-tips-for-the-perfect-fries-20120530|access-date=28 August 2019|website=Food24|language=en|archive-date=13 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191213225909/https://www.food24.com/News-and-Guides/Food-in-Focus/Top-tips-for-the-perfect-fries-20120530|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Dall|first=Nick|date=8 September 2017|title=Why South Africans Go Mad for These Soggy Fries|url=http://www.ozy.com/good-sht/the-secret-to-south-africas-favorite-french-fries/80641|access-date=28 August 2019|website=OZY|language=en|archive-date=28 August 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190828112120/https://www.ozy.com/good-sht/the-secret-to-south-africas-favorite-french-fries/80641|url-status=live}}</ref> These chips are typically thicker and fried at a lower temperature for a longer period of time than regular french fries.<ref name=":0" /> Slap-chips are an important component of a [[Gatsby (sandwich)|Gatsby sandwich]], also a common Cape Town delicacy.<ref name=":0" /> Slap-chips are also commonly served with [[Fish and chips|deep fried fish]] which are also served with the same white vinegar.

=== Japan ===
{{nihongo|''Fried potato''|フライドポテト|Furaido poteto}} is a standard fast-food side dish in Japan.<ref>{{cite web|date=2 September 2012|title=The best-tasting French fries in Japan are…|url=https://japantoday.com/category/features/food/the-best-tasting-french-fries-in-japan-are|work=Japan Today|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606010832/https://japantoday.com/category/features/food/the-best-tasting-french-fries-in-japan-are|url-status=live}}</ref> Inspired by [[Japanese cuisine]], [[okonomiyaki]] fries are served with a topping of [[unagi]] sauce, [[mayonnaise]], [[katsuobushi]], [[nori]] seasoning ([[furikake]]) and stir-fried cabbage.<ref>{{cite web|title=Okonomiyaki fries|url=https://www.potatogoodness.com/recipes/okonomiyaki-fries/|publisher=Potatoesgoodness.com|access-date=6 June 2021|archive-date=6 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210606024318/https://www.potatogoodness.com/recipes/okonomiyaki-fries/|url-status=live}}</ref>