Editing Foreign relations of Mongolia (section)

==Europe==
Mongolia seeks closer relations with countries in [[Europe]] and hopes to receive most-favoured-nation status from the [[European Union]] (EU). During 1991, Mongolia signed investment promotion and protection agreements with [[Germany]] and [[France]] and an economic cooperation agreement with the [[United Kingdom]]. Germany continued former East German cooperative programs and also provided loans and aid.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|European Union }}||1989-08-01<ref name="mfat" />|| 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||1963-07-01<ref name="mfat" />||

* Austria is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Vienna]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium }}||1971-07-08<ref name="mfat" />||The Benelux ([[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], and the [[Netherlands]]) is represented in Mongolia through embassies in [[Beijing]] ([[China]]). Mongolia has an embassy in [[Brussels]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria }}||1950-04-22<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Bulgaria–Mongolia relations}}

Bulgaria has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]]. Mongolia has an embassy in [[Sofia]]. Diplomatic relations between the two counties were first initiated on 22 April 1950. Due to the similar ideological situation in both countries, their relations witnessed a steady development up until the 1990s. Bilateral relations somewhat deteriorated for the next ten years. Since 2001, they have been on a more positive track, with Bulgarian president [[Georgi Parvanov]] making an official visit to Ulaanbaatar in the summer of 2007. Until the beginning of the 1990s Bulgaria was Mongolia's 3rd biggest trading partner. Agricultural products and light industry goods were the main exports. Due to the subsequent economical and political changes in both countries the volume of trade shrank considerably. The volume of trade between Bulgaria and Mongolia totaled $2 million for 2008, with the main exporter being Bulgaria.<ref>
{{cite web
|url=http://www.mfa.bg/bg/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=15549&Itemid=393
|title=Bulgarian MFA - Economic relations with Mongolia
|publisher=www.mfa.bg
|access-date=2009-03-21
}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Croatia is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
* Mongolia is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus }}||1973-12-19<ref name="mfat" />||

* Both countries established diplomatic relations on December 19, 1973.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.mn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=170&lang=enMinistry of Foreign Affairs of Mongolia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016204615/http://www.mfa.gov.mn/en/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70&Itemid=170&lang=enMinistry |date=2015-10-16 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.olc.gov.cy/olc/olc.nsf/all/E57B6B88D913B166C22575D70029D371/$file/MONGOLIA.pdf?openelement|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus|website=olc.gov.cy|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016204615/http://www.olc.gov.cy/olc/olc.nsf/all/E57B6B88D913B166C22575D70029D371/$file/MONGOLIA.pdf?openelement|archive-date=16 October 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*Cyprus is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in [[Beijing]], [[China]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/policy02_en/policy02_en?OpenDocument|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Cyprus|website=mfa.gov.cy|access-date=16 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303192705/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/policy02_en/policy02_en?OpenDocument|archive-date=3 March 2016|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
*Mongolia is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/A4EAEA978D5527CEC225791A003FBFD2?OpenDocument |title=MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS - Foreign Diplomatic Missions in Cyprus - MONGOLIA |access-date=2015-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151016204616/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/A4EAEA978D5527CEC225791A003FBFD2?OpenDocument |archive-date=2015-10-16 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic }}||1993-01-01<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Czech Republic – Mongolia relations}}

Diplomatic relations between Mongolia and [[Czechoslovakia]] commenced on 25 April 1950. In the 1980s, Czechoslovakia was Mongolia's second-largest trading partner, behind the [[Soviet Union]]. After the 1992 [[dissolution of Czechoslovakia]], Mongolia reaffirmed its relations with the newly formed [[Czech Republic]] in 1993.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.mongolmessenger.mn/issue/050417.php |title=Mongolian - Czech friendship grows with EU |publisher=The Mongol Messenger |date=2005-04-17 |access-date=2007-10-24 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090620164914/http://www.mongolmessenger.mn/issue/050417.php |archive-date=2009-06-20 }}</ref> However, in the 1990s, trade volumes declined sharply, though the Czech Republic still accounts for about 1% of Mongolia's imports. The Embassy of the Czech Republic in Ulaanbaatar was formally reopened in 1999.<ref name="MOF">{{Cite report|title=Report on the Foreign Policy of the Czech Republic, 1998-1999|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Czech Republic|year=1999|access-date=2007-10-24|url=http://pdc.ceu.hu/archive/00002565/01/Report_on_the_Foreign_Policy_of_the_Czech_Republic_1998.pdf|pages=187–188}}</ref> As of 2005, annual bilateral trade between the two countries was valued at [[United States dollar|US$]]5 million.<ref>{{cite news|title=Bilateral trade turnover to be increased|publisher=Montsame|date=2005-11-10|access-date=2007-10-24|url=http://www.mongolembassy.com/newEmbassy/uzuuleh.asp?tb=eng_news&torol=&num=1793&page=51&colname=&text=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201556/http://www.mongolembassy.com/newEmbassy/uzuuleh.asp?tb=eng_news&torol=&num=1793&page=51&colname=&text=|url-status=dead|archive-date=2016-03-03}}</ref> The Czech government has also been involved in various water supply development programs in Mongolia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark }}||1968-08-05<ref name="mfat" />||
* [[Mongolia]] has a general consulate in [[Copenhagen]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mongolietskonsulat.dk/|title=Mongoliets Konsulat |access-date=4 February 2019}}</ref>
* [[Denmark]] has one general consulate in [[Ulaanbaatar]].<ref>[http://www.um.dk/da/menu/OmOs/Organisation/AmbassaderMv/Asien/Mongoliet.htm/ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark: Mongolia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101226115109/http://www.um.dk/da/menu/OmOs/Organisation/AmbassaderMv/Asien/Mongoliet.htm |date=2010-12-26 }}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->||{{further information|France–Mongolia relations}}

* France has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Paris]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Germany }}||1974-01-31<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Germany – Mongolia relations}}

Mongolia established ties with the Federal Republic of Germany in 1974, with embassies in [[Ulaanbaatar]] and [[Berlin]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece }}||1967-03-03<ref name="mfat" />||Greece is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in [[Beijing]] ([[China]]). Mongolia is represented in Greece through its embassy in [[Sofia]] ([[Bulgaria]]) and an honorary consulate in [[Athens]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary }}||1950-04-28<ref name="mfat" />||Hungary has an embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]]. Mongolia has an embassy in [[Budapest]].<ref>{{cite web|title=МОНГОЛ УЛСААС УНГАР УЛСАД СУУГАА ЭЛЧИН САЙДЫН ЯАМ, EMBASSY OF MONGOLIA IN HUNGARY|url=http://www.budapest.embassy.mn/index.php?moduls=12|access-date=2021-06-29|website=www.budapest.embassy.mn}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Italy has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar.
* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Rome]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kosovo }}|| style="background:gray;"|none
|Mongolia does not recognize Kosovo as a country.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands }}||1972-03-06<ref name="mfat" />||The Benelux ([[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], and the [[Netherlands]]) is represented in Mongolia through embassies in [[Beijing]] ([[China]]). Mongolia has an honorary consulate in [[Breda]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Poland}}||1950-04-14<ref name="mfat" />||{{further information|Mongolia–Poland relations}}

Mongolia has an embassy in [[Warsaw]] and an honorary consulate in [[Kraków]]. Poland has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and an honorary consulate in [[Erdenet]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->|| 

* Mongolia is accredited to Portugal from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Portugal is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}||1950-04-29<ref name="mfat" />||
* The Romanian embassy in Mongolia was closed in 1995, and the Mongolian one in Bucharest in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dce.gov.ro/Indrumar_afaceri/Indrumar_afaceri_Mongolia.pdf|title=Îndrumar de afaceri pentru Mongolia|date=2016}}</ref>
* Romania has an honorary consulate in [[Ulaanbaatar]], with diplomatic representation being handled by the Romanian embassy in [[Beijing]], [[People's Republic of China|China]].
* Mongolia has an honorary consulate in [[Bucharest]], with diplomatic representation being handled by the Mongolian embassy in [[Sofia]], [[Bulgaria]].
* Chairman [[Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal]] visited Bucharest on 9 September 1957<ref>{{cite web|title=Wilson Center Digital Archive|url=https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112159|access-date=2021-06-29|website=digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org}}</ref> and President [[Nicolae Ceaușescu]] visited Ulaanbaatar on 21–24 June 1971.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sovereign Military Order of Malta }}|| style="background:gray;"|none<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-relations/862/sovereign-order-of-malta-bilateral-relations/?lang=en |title=Bilateral relations |author=Ordine di Malta |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151203180316/http://www.orderofmalta.int/diplomatic-relations/862/sovereign-order-of-malta-bilateral-relations/?lang=en |archive-date=3 December 2015 }}</ref>|| 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->||
* Mongolia is accredited to Spain from its embassy in Paris, France.
* Spain is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->||

* Mongolia has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden is accredited to Mongolia from its embassy in Beijing, China. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Ukraine }}||1992-01-21<ref name="mfat" />||
* Mongolia is represented in Ukraine through its embassy in Poland. An embassy previously existed in Kyiv but was closed and replaced with a consular department.
* Ukraine is represented in Mongolia through its embassy in China.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom }}||1963-01-23<ref name="mfat" />|| {{further information|Mongolia–United Kingdom relations}}
Mongolia established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 23 January 1963.<ref>{{cite web|author=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|title=UK-Mongolia celebrating fifty years of diplomatic relations|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-mongolia-celebrating-fifty-years-of-diplomatic-relations|date=25 January 2019|access-date=5 April 2024|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|archive-date=31 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190731123051/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-mongolia-celebrating-fifty-years-of-diplomatic-relations|url-status=live}}</ref>
*Mongolia maintains an [[Embassy of Mongolia, London|embassy]] in London.
*The United Kingdom is accredited to Monglia through its embassy in [[Ulaanbaatar]].<ref>{{cite web|title=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-ulaanbaatar|access-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240913225155/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-ulaanbaatar|archive-date=13 September 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[International Criminal Court]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have an Air Services Agreement,<ref>{{cite web|author=British Embassy Ulaanbaatar|title=Air Services Agreement signed between UK and Mongolia|date=7 February 2024|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-services-agreement-signed-between-uk-and-mongolia|access-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240207085739/https://www.gov.uk/government/news/air-services-agreement-signed-between-uk-and-mongolia|archive-date=7 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Development Partnership,<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|title=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Agreement,<ref>{{cite web|title=United Kingdom - Mongolia Tax Treaty (1996)|website=Orbitax|url=https://orbitax.com/taxhub/taxtreaties/GB/United%20Kingdom/MN/Mongolia/4ce05838dbd536ec2954f40f8367a01a/-Royalties_ARTICLE-12|access-date=6 February 2025}}</ref> and an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{cite web|title=Mongolia - United Kingdom BIT (1991)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2576/mongolia---united-kingdom-bit-1991-|access-date=6 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210501194340/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2576/mongolia---united-kingdom-bit-1991-|archive-date=1 May 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>
|}