Editing Foreign relations of Mexico (section)

=== Europe ===
Mexico was the first [[Latin American]] country to sign a partnership agreement with the [[European Union]] (EU), in 1997, composed by [[member states of the European Union|15 members at the time]].<ref name="Mexico FTA" /> The agreement entered into force in July 2000 and has considerably strengthened bilateral relations between the two partners. It governs all relations between them, including a regular high-level political dialogue, and shared values such as democracy and human rights.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Albania}}||<!--Date started-->October 15, 1974||See [[Albania–Mexico relations]]
Mexico recognized and established diplomatic relations with Albania on October 15, 1974. Shortly thereafter Mexico opened a resident embassy in [[Tirana]], however the embassy was closed in 1979.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_europa/reu/docs/dictamen_141215_3.pdf |title=Relations between Mexico and Albania (in Spanish) |access-date=February 3, 2022 |archive-date=January 14, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220114004457/https://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/relext_europa/reu/docs/dictamen_141215_3.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Albania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], USA.
* Mexico is accredited to Albania from its embassy in [[Rome]], Italy <ref name=Italy>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023}}</ref> and has an honorary consulate in [[Tirana]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://en.mexico.al/ |title=Honorary Consulate of Mexico in Tirana (in Albanian and English) |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180526091231/http://en.mexico.al/ |archive-date=May 26, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Andorra}}||<!-- Start date -->May 5, 1995||See [[Andorra–Mexico relations]]

* Andorra is accredited to Mexico from its embassy based in [[New York City]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy |title=Embassy of Andorra in New York City |access-date=February 3, 2019 |archive-date=August 12, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190812032657/https://www.exteriors.ad/en/embassies-of-andorra/andorra-usa-embassy |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Andorra from its embassy in Madrid, Spain<ref name=Spain>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/espana/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=August 1, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190633/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/espana/|url-status=live}}</ref> and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Andorra la Vella]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||<!--Date started-->July 30, 1842||See [[Austria–Mexico relations]]

During the [[Second French intervention in Mexico|French intervention in Mexico]] and subsequently the [[Second Mexican Empire]] between 1864 and 1867; with French backing, [[Maximilian I of Mexico]], member of Austria's Imperial [[House of Habsburg|Habsburg-Lorraine]] family was proclaimed [[Emperor of Mexico]].

In 1938, Mexico became the only country to protest against the [[anschluss]] of Austria at the [[League of Nations]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2008/joint-communique-by-austria-and-mexico-on-the-occasion-of-the-70th-anniversary-of-the-mexican-protest-against-the-anschluss-of-austria-by-nazi-germany/|title=Joint communiqué by Austria and Mexico on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Mexican protest against the "Anschluss" of Austria by Nazi Germany – BMEIA, Außenministerium Österreich|last=Österreich|first=Außenministerium der Republik|website=www.bmeia.gv.at|language=en|access-date=April 7, 2017|archive-date=March 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304105300/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/en/the-ministry/press/announcements/2008/joint-communique-by-austria-and-mexico-on-the-occasion-of-the-70th-anniversary-of-the-mexican-protest-against-the-anschluss-of-austria-by-nazi-germany/|url-status=dead}}</ref> During [[World War II]], Austria was part of the [[German Reich]] and in May 1942 Mexico declared war on Germany after the destruction of two Mexican oil tankers in the Gulf of Mexico by German [[U-boats]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mexicodiplomatico.org/lecturas/Historia%20de%20las%20Relaciones%20Internacionales%20S.XX/7.%20Historia%20de%20la%20Diplomacia%20entre%20Mexico%20y%20Alemania.pdf|title=mexicodiplomatico.org|website=www.mexicodiplomatico.org|language=en|access-date=April 7, 2017|archive-date=November 1, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131101134450/http://www.mexicodiplomatico.org/lecturas/Historia%20de%20las%20Relaciones%20Internacionales%20S.XX/7.%20Historia%20de%20la%20Diplomacia%20entre%20Mexico%20y%20Alemania.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> After the war, normal relations were restored between the two nations.

As of 2005, Mexico was Austria's second most important trade partner in Latin America.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bmeia.gv.at/aussenministerium/aussenpolitik/aussereuropaeischer-raum/lateinamerika-und-die-karibik.html|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121215171059/http://www.bmeia.gv.at/aussenministerium/aussenpolitik/aussereuropaeischer-raum/lateinamerika-und-die-karibik.html|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 15, 2012|title=Außenministerium Österreich -> Lateinamerika und die Karibik}}</ref> The same year, the [[President of Austria]] [[Heinz Fischer]] visited Mexico and Brazil, the first ever [[state visit]] of an Austrian President to countries in Latin America.<ref>{{cite news |last=Mckeough |first=Tim |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/01/news/austria.php |title=The New York Times – Breaking News, World News & Multimedia |newspaper=[[International Herald Tribune]] |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=August 28, 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060828131257/http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/06/01/news/austria.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Austria has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bmeia.gv.at/es/embajada-de-austria-en-mexico/|title=Embajada de Austria en México|first=Außenministerium der Republik|last=Österreich|website=www.bmeia.gv.at|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 24, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624203442/https://www.bmeia.gv.at/es/embajada-de-austria-en-mexico/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Vienna]].<ref name=Austria>{{Cite web|url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/austria/index.php/es/|title=Inicio|website=embamex.sre.gob.mx|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=August 4, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804175902/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/austria/index.php/es/|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belarus}}||<!--Date Started--> January 1992||See [[Belarus–Mexico relations]]
Belarus and Mexico established diplomatic relations in 1992.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://eng.belta.by/politics/view/samoseiko-visit-of-mexican-parliamentary-delegation-to-belarus-will-bolster-bilateral-ties-12410-2015|title=Samoseiko: Visit of Mexican parliamentary delegation to Belarus will bolster bilateral ties|date=May 11, 2015|website=eng.belta.by|accessdate=June 20, 2023|archive-date=June 20, 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230620193457/https://eng.belta.by/politics/view/samoseiko-visit-of-mexican-parliamentary-delegation-to-belarus-will-bolster-bilateral-ties-12410-2015|url-status=live}}</ref>

* Belarus is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Havana, Cuba and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/ |title=Embassy of Belarus in Cuba |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=February 5, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220205003425/https://cuba.mfa.gov.by/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.by/kcfinder/upload/files/Structure/2020_honorary_consuls.pdf |title=Honorary consulates of Belarus (in Belarusian) |access-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126123508/https://www.mfa.gov.by/kcfinder/upload/files/Structure/2020_honorary_consuls.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Belarus from its embassy in [[Moscow]], [[Russia]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rusia |title=Embassy of Mexico in Russia |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=April 16, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160416121106/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rusia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Minsk]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://saladeprensa.sre.gob.mx/index.php/comunicados-de-sala-de-prensa-global/7404-embamex-rus |title=Apertura del Consulado Honorario de México en Minsk (in Spanish) |access-date=May 21, 2017 |archive-date=January 26, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220126121524/https://saladeprensa.sre.gob.mx/index.php/comunicados-de-sala-de-prensa-global/7404-embamex-rus |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->1836||See [[Belgium–Mexico relations]]

In 1836, Belgium—itself newly independent—recognized the independence of Mexico. In 1919, the Belgian chamber of commerce of Mexico was established. Belgium opened its embassy in Mexico on June 5, 1954.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://diplobel.fgov.be/caironl/posts/nl/press/homedetails.asp?TEXTID=20269 |title=Diplomatie.be |website=Diplobel.fgov.be |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110706134053/http://diplobel.fgov.be/caironl/posts/nl/press/homedetails.asp?TEXTID=20269 |archive-date=July 6, 2011 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Belgium has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/mexico |title=Embassy of Belgium in Mexico |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804133007/https://diplomatie.belgium.be/en/mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Brussels]].<ref name=Belgium>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Belgium |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=March 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200318115453/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||<!-- Start date -->August 15, 2001||

* Bosnia and Herzegovina is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.bhembassy.org/ |title=Embassy of Bosnia in the United States |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=September 27, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927172202/http://www.bhembassy.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Bosnia and Herzegovina from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.<ref name=Serbia>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/serbia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Serbia |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=April 25, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190425185752/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/serbia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}||<!--Date started-->January 6, 1938||See [[Bulgaria–Mexico relations]]

* Bulgaria has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.bg/embassies/mexico/ |title=Embassy of Bulgaria in Mexico City (in Bulgarian and English) |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-date=August 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230804105540/https://www.mfa.bg/embassies/mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Bulgaria from its embassy in [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Sofia]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Budapest, Hungary (in English, Hungarian and Spanish) |access-date=November 30, 2016 |archive-date=November 3, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181103220718/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||<!--Date started-->December 6, 1992||See [[Croatia–Mexico relations]]

* Croatia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], USA and has an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mvep.hr/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-missions-and-consular-offices-of-croatia/mexico-mexico-df,502.html#p |title=MVEP • Diplomatic Missions and Consular Offices of Croatia • Mexico, Mexico D.F |website=Mvep.hr |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=October 1, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001195321/http://www.mvep.hr/en/diplomatic-directory/diplomatic-missions-and-consular-offices-of-croatia/mexico-mexico-df,502.html#p |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Croatia from its embassy in [[Budapest]], [[Hungary]] and has honorary consulates in [[Split, Croatia|Split]] and [[Zagreb]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/en/embassy/honorary-consulates |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=December 27, 2016 |archive-date=December 28, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161228033741/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/index.php/en/embassy/honorary-consulates |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus}}||<!--Date started-->February 21, 1974||See [[Cyprus–Mexico relations]]

* Cyprus does not have an accreditation to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to Cyprus from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Nicosia]].<ref name=Greece>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/grecia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Greece |access-date=August 5, 2017 |archive-date=November 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201101002841/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/grecia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!--Date started-->1922||See [[Czech Republic–Mexico relations]]

* Czech Republic has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mzv.cz/mexico/es/index.html |title=Embajada de la Republica Checa en Mexico |website=Mzv.cz |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919075834/http://www.mzv.cz/mexico/es/index.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Prague]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/republicacheca/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160526110455/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/republicacheca/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''See also'': [[Czech immigration to Mexico]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See [[Denmark–Mexico relations]]

* Denmark is Mexico's largest investor and trade partner among the [[Nordic countries]]. Diplomatic relations began in 1827 with a ''Treaty of Friendship, Trade and Navigation''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=30560 |title=Client Validation |website=Presidencia.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 24, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924081355/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/?contenido=30560 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Denmark has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.um.dk/es.aspx |title=Dinamarca en Mexico |website=Mexico.um.dk |date=March 24, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129023859/http://mexico.um.dk/es.aspx |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Copenhagen]].<ref name="autogenerated2">{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/dinamarca/ |title=INICIO |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=June 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160619035123/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/dinamarca/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Estonia}}||<!--Date started-->January 28, 1937||See [[Estonia–Mexico relations]]

* Estonia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in [[Washington, D.C.]], [[United States]] and maintains honorary consulates in Mexico City and in [[Tampico]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.estemb.org/honorary_consuls |title=Embassy of Estonia in Washington, D.C. |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170120181942/http://www.estemb.org/honorary_consuls |archive-date=January 20, 2017 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Estonia from its embassy in [[Helsinki]], [[Finland]] and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Tallinn]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Helsinki (in English and Spanish) |access-date=December 1, 2016 |archive-date=March 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210306110930/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Finland}}||<!--Date started-->November 11, 1949||See [[Finland–Mexico relations]]

* Finland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finlandia.org.mx/ |title=Suomen suurlähetystö, Mexico |website=Finlandia.org.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 5, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080905181654/http://www.finlandia.org.mx/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Finland &#124; Embajada de México en Finlandia |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 26, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226033503/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/finlandia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->November 26, 1826||See [[France–Mexico relations]]
[[File:Visita de Trabajo a Francia (35632556361).jpg|thumb|Peña Nieto at the [[Élysée Palace]] with French President [[Emmanuel Macron]], 2017.]]

The [[independence of Mexico]] was recognized ''[[de jure]]'' by France until 1830.<ref name="EmbassyFR" /> The first official contacts concerned trading, in 1827 an agreement signed in Paris established that both countries and its citizens would enjoy a privileged position reciprocally, which included complaints and demands related to the damages suffered during the war from French citizens living in Mexico, the [[Mexican Congress]] refused to ratify it.<ref name="EmbassyFR">{{cite web | language=es | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=Bilateral Relations | publisher=Mexican Embassy in France | url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=80&op=page&SubMenu= | access-date=April 14, 2009 | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717185809/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=80&op=page&SubMenu= | archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref> then-[[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Foreign Minister]] [[Louis-Mathieu Molé]] sent an [[ultimatum]] urging the Mexican government to pay off its debts, due to [[Economy of Mexico|economic instability]], refused to do so.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 95.</ref> In 1838, a French pastry cook, Monsieur Remontel, claimed his shop in the [[Metro Tacubaya|Tacubaya]] district of [[Mexico City]] had been ruined by looting Mexican officers in 1828, he appealed to [[King of France|French King]] [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis-Philippe]]. Coming to its citizen's aid, France demanded [[MXN]]$600,000 in damages.<ref name="Pastry War">El Colegio de México (2007), p. 574-577.</ref> When the payment was not forthcoming from then-President [[Anastasio Bustamante]], Louis-Philippe sent a fleet to declare a blockade of all Mexican ports from [[Yucatán Peninsula]] to the [[Rio Grande]], and to seize the [[Veracruz|Port of Veracruz]], which led to an armed conflict known as the [[Pastry War]].<ref name="Pastry War" /> British diplomat [[Richard Pakenham]] offered his mediation, after several negotiations, Mexico was eventually forced to pay the initially demanded MXN$600,000 and burdensome compensations.<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96" />

In 1861, the liberals won the [[War of Reform]], however, it left the treasury depleted. [[Economy of Mexico|Trade was stagnant]], and foreign creditors were demanding full repayment of Mexican debts, Juárez proceeded to declare a [[Debt moratorium|moratorium]] on all foreign debt repayments.<ref name="VF 105" /> [[Second French Empire|France]], [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]] and Spain decided to launch a joint occupation of the [[Mexican Gulf]] coast to force repayment.<ref name="VF 105" /> The Spanish and British quickly figured out that Juárez fully intended to pay the debts when he could, so they withdrew. They also realized that the French had other intentions, indicated by the arrival of reinforcements, and had no desire to help France achieve its ambitions, which led to a [[Second French intervention in Mexico|military intervention]], encouraged by the defeated conservatives.<ref name="VF 105">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 105.</ref> When the French entered [[Mexico City]] in mid-1863, the conservatives quickly invited [[Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian]] of [[Austrian Empire|Austria]] to accept the Mexican crown, who agreed believing that this act responded to the desire of a majority of Mexicans.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 617-618.</ref> However, once the conservatives understood Maximilian's democratic sentiments and [[secular|anticlerical]] attitudes, began withdrawing their support.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 621-624.</ref> When the [[American Civil War]] ended, the U.S. made its [[Monroe Doctrine]] valid and intervened by providing military and financial aid to Juárez.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 107.</ref> Meanwhile, in Europe, France was increasingly threatened by a belligerent [[Prussia]] and, by 1866, [[Napoleon III]] began recalling his troops stationed in Mexico.<ref name="Flores106" /> Conservative forces switched sides and began supporting the Mexican liberals. United resumed their campaign on February 19, 1867, and on May 15, [[Maximilian I of Mexico|Maximilian]] surrendered. He was tried and, on Juárez's orders, was executed on June 19.<ref name="Flores106" /> After an exhaustive process, [[diplomatic relations]] were reestablished in 1880, leaving behind claims related to the war.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 117.</ref>

[[File:Cumbre de Líderes del G20 (35607318112).jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Emmanuel Macron]], [[Enrique Peña Nieto]] and [[José Ángel Gurría]] at the G20 Leaders Summit 2017.]]

Both nations had an international dispute over the island of [[Clipperton Island|Clipperton]], which had been under Mexican occupation, but claimed by the Foreign Ministry of France.<ref>Original treaty between Mexico and France, French Foreign Ministry Archives, PDF file: [https://pastel.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D19090019.pdf Gouv-fr-PDF-19] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725105321/https://pastel.diplomatie.gouv.fr/choiseul/ressource/pdf/D19090019.pdf |date=July 25, 2011 }}.</ref> In 1931 both nations agreed to abide to the arbitration of King [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy]], who declared it a French territory.

When the [[French Fourth Republic|Fourth Republic]] collapsed in 1958, Mexico was the first country that recognized the [[French Fifth Republic|Fifth Republic]] founded by General [[Charles de Gaulle]].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 141.</ref> In subsequent years, both countries coordinated actions and released a communiqué that supported the [[Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front]] (FMLN) during the [[Salvadoran Civil War]].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 157.</ref> Recently, [[President of France|President]] [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] paid a state visit in March 2009, however, controversy over the [[Florence Cassez]] case, a [[French people|Frenchwoman]] convicted of kidnapping in Mexico sentenced to 60 years in jail, overshadowed the bilateral agenda.<ref name="NYT France" /> Backed by the "Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons", Sarkozy persuaded the Mexican government to allow Cassez to serve out her sentence in France, however, public opinion in Mexico strongly opposes under the suspicion that once home, she would quickly be released from jail.<ref name="NYT Cassez" /> A bilateral commission was established to handle the case.<ref name="NYT Cassez">{{cite news | author=Elisabeth Malkin | title=A Cause Célèbre Clouds Mexican Sentiment on Kidnapping Scourge | date=April 8, 2009 | newspaper=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/world/americas/09mexico.html?scp=1&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=May 22, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130522004114/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/09/world/americas/09mexico.html?scp=1&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | url-status=live }}</ref> Meanwhile, speaking at the [[National Palace (Mexico)|National Palace]] in Mexico City, Sarkozy praised Calderón for Mexico's "courageous and determined" [[Mexican Drug War|battle against drug cartels]]<ref name="NYT France">{{cite news | title=France strikes deal with Mexico on prisoner | date=March 2009 | newspaper=The New York Times | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/10/world/europe/10iht-sarko.4.20737537.html?scp=3&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=May 21, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521223952/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/03/10/world/europe/10iht-sarko.4.20737537.html?scp=3&sq=florence%20cassez&st=cse | url-status=live }}</ref> and urged the [[Mexican Congress|Congress]] to reform the [[Constitution of Mexico|Constitution]] in order to allow the [[Mexican military]] to collaborate with the United Nations in [[peacekeeping]] missions.<ref>{{cite web | language=es | author=Ricardo Gómez | title=El mundo espera más de México: Sarkozy | date=March 9, 2009 | work=El Universal | url=http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/582309.html | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=March 12, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090312032604/http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/notas/582309.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> Supported by [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[Gordon Brown]], Sarkozy has previously expressed that the [[G8]] would benefit from a permanent enlargement that includes the [[G8+5|+5 countries]].<ref>{{cite web | author=Staff Writers | title=Brown backs Sarkozy plan for expanding G8 | date=January 8, 2008 | publisher=Space Daily | url=http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Brown_backs_Sarkozy_plan_for_expanding_G8_999.html | access-date=April 14, 2009 | archive-date=June 6, 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110606230046/http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Brown_backs_Sarkozy_plan_for_expanding_G8_999.html | url-status=live }}</ref>
* France has an embassy in Mexico City and a consulate-general in [[Monterrey]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ambafrance-mx.org/ |title=La France au Mexique – Francia en México |website=Ambafrance-mx.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=September 19, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160919072835/http://www.ambafrance-mx.org/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Paris]]<ref name=France>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in France |access-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-date=May 6, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210506142014/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/francia/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a liaison office in [[Strasbourg]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://directorio.sre.gob.mx/index.php/oficinas-de-enlace-de-mexico/estrasburgo |title=Liaison Office of Mexico in Strasbourg |access-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190629042925/https://directorio.sre.gob.mx/index.php/oficinas-de-enlace-de-mexico/estrasburgo |url-status=dead }}</ref>
''See also'': [[French immigration to Mexico]]
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|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->1823||See [[Germany–Mexico relations]]
[[File:Gerhard Schroeder Vicente Fox.jpg|thumb|[[Gerhard Schröder]] in [[Los Pinos]] with President Fox.]]

[[Alexander von Humboldt]]'s reports on his trip to then-[[New Spain]] back in the early 19th century heralded the start of Germany's interest in Mexico.<ref name="Mex-Ger">{{cite web |language=es |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Diplomatic relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Germany |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/pdf/trata2.pdf |access-date=April 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407085644/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/pdf/trata2.pdf |archive-date=April 7, 2009}}</ref> Commercial links were quickly established through the signing of the "Treaty of Commerce and Navigation" between Mexico and [[Hamburg]] in 1823. Due to increasing investment, six years later, [[Prussia]] sent Carl Koppe as its first general consul and first representative in the newborn nation. During the administration of dictator [[Porfirio Díaz]], commercial ties significantly strengthened.<ref name="Mex-Ger" />

In January 1917, Britain's secret Royal Navy [[cryptanalysis|cryptanalytic]] group, [[Room 40]], intercepted a proposal from Berlin, the [[Zimmermann Telegram]], to Mexico to join the [[World War I|Great War]] as Germany's ally against the United States, should the U.S. join. The proposal suggested, if the U.S. were to enter the war, Mexico should declare war against the U.S. and enlist Japan as an ally. This would prevent the U.S. from joining the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] and deploying troops to Europe, and would give Germany more time for their unrestricted submarine warfare program to strangle Britain's vital war supplies. In return, the Germans would promise Mexico support in reclaiming Texas, [[New Mexico]] and [[Arizona]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Tuchman|first=Barbara Wertheim|author-link=Barbara Tuchman|title=The Guns of August|location=New York |publisher=Macmillan|year=1962|oclc=192333|title-link=The Guns of August}}</ref> When the U.S. entered the war on April 2, 1917, eleven days later then-President [[Venustiano Carranza]] not only turned down the proposition but also declared neutrality.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007) p. 808.</ref>

Nearly 25,000 [[Mennonites]] of German ancestry immigrated from Canada to Mexico and settled in the [[Mexican state|states]] of [[Chihuahua (state)|Chihuahua]] and [[Durango]] in 1922, their agricultural centers still contribute to the economy of the region.<ref name="German Embassy" /> After the establishment of [[Nazi Germany]], Mexico received hundreds of [[asylum seekers]], standing out important figures such as [[Egon Erwin Kisch]], [[Anna Seghers]] and Paul Westheim.<ref name="German Embassy" /> During the Second World War, the [[Axis Powers]] sank two Mexican oil tankers such as ''[[Faja de Oro]]'' and ''Potrero de Llano'', despite Mexico's neutrality. This attacks were enough to make Mexico enter the world conflict.<ref>{{cite web |author=Mexican government |title=President Calderón at Ceremony to Commemorate Pilots of the Mexican Expeditionary Air Force, 201st Squadron, during the Second World War |date=May 1, 2008 |publisher=Presidency of the Republic |url=http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/speeches/?contenido=35326 |access-date=April 15, 2009 |archive-date=June 11, 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611165337/http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/en/press/speeches/?contenido=35326 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 1952, [[diplomatic relations]] between the two countries were officially reestablished.<ref name="German Embassy" />

In 1964, the foundation of [[Volkswagen]] in [[Puebla, Puebla|Puebla]], Mexico, best represents the foreign investment from Germany; specifically, the [[Volkswagen Beetle in Mexico|Volkswagen Beetle]], informally called "vocho", is commonly seen as a symbol of Germany in the country.<ref name="German Embassy">{{cite web | language=es | author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs | title=History of relations between Mexico and Germany | publisher=German Embassy in Mexico | url=http://www.mexiko.diplo.de/Vertretung/mexiko/es/03_20Politik/Bilaterale__Beziehungen/Historia__mex__alem.html | access-date=April 15, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718231413/http://www.mexiko.diplo.de/Vertretung/mexiko/es/03_20Politik/Bilaterale__Beziehungen/Historia__mex__alem.html | archive-date=July 18, 2011 | url-status=dead}}</ref> In contemporary times, Germany is viewed as a privileged partner in Europe, from whom economic, political and cultural engagement in Mexico is expected. Bilateral relations are being intensified in all areas based on a "Joint Declaration" between the two countries' [[Foreign Minister|Foreign Ministries]] signed in April 2007.<ref>{{cite web | title=Political relations | publisher=Federal Foreign Office | url=http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Mexiko.html | access-date=April 15, 2009 | archive-date=June 21, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090621091724/http://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/diplo/en/Laenderinformationen/01-Laender/Mexiko.html | url-status=live }}</ref> Economic ties have been strengthened since the [[European Union]]-Mexico [[Free Trade Agreement]] went into force in July 2000, Germany has become Mexico's fourth-largest trading partner.<ref>{{cite web |author=Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Economic relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Germany |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=134&op=page&SubMenu= |access-date=April 15, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110717185932/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/alemania/index.php?option=displaypage&Itemid=134&op=page&SubMenu= |archive-date=July 17, 2011}}</ref>
* Germany has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mexiko.diplo.de |title=Embajada Alemana Ciudad de México – Página principal |language=es |website=Mexiko.diplo.de |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200421011501/https://mexiko.diplo.de/ |archive-date=April 21, 2020 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Berlin]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/alemania/ |title=INICIO |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 10, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510095925/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/alemania/ |url-status=live }}</ref> a consulate in [[Frankfurt]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/frankfurt/ |title=Inicio |website=Consulmex.sre.gob.mx |date=May 12, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 1, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160501224605/http://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/frankfurt/ |url-status=live }}</ref> and a trade office in [[Munich]].<ref name="promexico1">{{cite web |author=Mexico |url=http://www.promexico.gob.mx/en/mx/orex |title=ProMéxico offices abroad |website=Promexico.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150307062651/http://www.promexico.gob.mx/en/mx/orex |archive-date=March 7, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
''See also'': [[German immigration to Mexico]]
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|{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Date started-->May 17, 1938||See [[Greece–Mexico relations]]

* Greece has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/mexico-en |title=Greece in Mexico - Hellenic Republic - Greece in the World |access-date=June 11, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217183417/http://www.mfa.gr/missionsabroad/en/mexico-en |archive-date=February 17, 2013}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Athens]].<ref name=Greece />
* ''See also'': [[Greek immigration to Mexico]]
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|{{flag|Holy See}}||<!--Date started-->1992||See [[Holy See–Mexico relations]]

* Mexico's President [[Benito Juárez]], expelled the [[Apostolic Nuncio to Mexico]] in 1861, breaking off diplomatic relations.
* In 1904 the Holy See assigned an [[Apostolic Delegate]] to Mexico. Diplomatic relations were restored in 1992, giving the office of the Apostolic Delegate in Mexico City the status of a [[nunciature]]. As of 2012 about 78% of Mexico's population declared themselves Roman Catholics.
* Holy See has an Apostolic Nunciature in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D143%3A111%26catid%3D35 |title=Santa Sede |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120626174727/http://www.sre.gob.mx/acreditadas/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=143%3A111&catid=35 |archive-date=June 26, 2012}}</ref>
* Mexico has a resident embassy to the Holy See in [[Rome]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vaticano/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190702215503/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/vaticano/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Hungary}}||<!--Date started-->1864||See [[Hungary–Mexico relations]]

Diplomatic relations between Hungary and Mexico were suspended between 1941 and 1974 and re-established on May 14, 1974. The Mexican embassy in Budapest was opened on September 30, 1976.
* Hungary has an embassy in [[Mexico City]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/MX/en/mainpage.htm |title=Mexico City |website=Mfa.gov.hu |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=January 7, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107155207/http://www.mfa.gov.hu/kulkepviselet/MX/en/mainpage.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Budapest]].<ref name="ReferenceC">{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304202402/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/hungria/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iceland}}||<!--Date started-->1960||See [[Iceland–Mexico relations]]

* Iceland is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in [[Washington, DC]], [[United States]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/ |title=United States - Washington DC > the Icelandic Foreign Services |access-date=February 20, 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150218054859/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/us/ |archive-date=February 18, 2015}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Iceland from its embassy in [[Copenhagen]], [[Denmark]].<ref name="autogenerated2" />
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|{{flag|Ireland}}||<!--Date started-->August 21, 1975||See [[Ireland–Mexico relations]]

* Ireland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id%3D53654 |title=Department of Foreign Affairs |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141026022113/http://web.dfa.ie/home/index.aspx?id=53654 |archive-date=October 26, 2014}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Dublin]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/irlanda/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 30, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160430154219/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/irlanda/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
''See also'': [[Irish immigration to Mexico]] and [[Saint Patrick's Battalion]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->December 15, 1874||See [[Italy–Mexico relations]]

The first contact between Italy and Mexico was in 1869, just before the end of [[Italian unification]] in 1870; when Italy expressed its desire to open a consulate in Mexico. A consulate was opened in Mexico in December 1872, however, diplomatic relations between the two nations were not established until December 15, 1874.<ref name="embamex.sre.gob.mx">{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/embajada |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201355/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/embajada |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

During [[World War I]], Mexico remained neutral because it was involved in its own [[Mexican revolution|revolution]] during the same time. In the 1930s, diplomatic relations between the two nations began to deteriorate when Prime Minister [[Benito Mussolini]] invaded and annexed Abyssinia (now [[Ethiopia]]) during the [[Second Italo-Ethiopian War]] in 1935–1936. Mexico was one of the few countries to vehemently oppose the occupation of Abyssinia by Italian forces.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rime.to.cnr.it/2012/RIVISTA/N7/2011/articoli/Savarino.pdf |title=Rivista dell'Istituto di Storia dell'Europa Mediterranea |issn=2035-794X |website=Rime.to.cnr.it |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104210850/http://rime.to.cnr.it/2012/RIVISTA/N7/2011/articoli/Savarino.pdf |archive-date=January 4, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref> On May 22, 1942, Mexico declared war on the [[axis powers]] due to German u-boat attacks on two Mexican oil tankers in the [[Gulf of Mexico]] that same year. Diplomatic relations were re-established on June 1, 1946.<ref name="embamex.sre.gob.mx" />

In 1997, Mexico signed a [[Free Trade Agreement between Mexico and the European Union|Free Trade Agreement]] with the [[European Union]] (which includes Italy). Trade between the two nations totaled just over six billion USD in 2011. Among the products that Mexico exports to Italy are: automobiles and petroleum based products. Italy exports mainly steel products to Mexico. Today, Italy is Mexico's ninth biggest trading partner in the world (third in Europe after Germany and Spain). Mexico is Italy's second biggest trading partner in [[Latin-America]] (after Brazil).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/info-comercial |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304022953/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/italia/index.php/es/info-comercial |archive-date=March 4, 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Italy has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ambcittadelmessico.esteri.it/Ambasciata_CittadelMessico/ |title=Ambasciata d'Italia – Citta del Messico |website=Ambcittadelmessico.esteri.it |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=November 8, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151108145552/http://www.ambcittadelmessico.esteri.it/Ambasciata_Cittadelmessico |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Rome]]<ref name=Italy /> and a consulate-general in [[Milan]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/milan/ |title=Consulate-General of Mexico in Milan |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=July 7, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190707202915/https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/milan/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''See also'': [[Italian immigration to Mexico]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Latvia}}||<!-- Start date -->November 27, 1991||See [[Latvia–Mexico relations]]
* Latvia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/usa |title=Embassy of Latvia in the United States |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=October 27, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211027144341/https://www2.mfa.gov.lv/en/usa |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Latvia from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Riga]].<ref name=Sweden>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Sweden |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=October 5, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005052349/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Liechtenstein}}||<!-- Start date -->July 1, 1994||

* Liechtenstein does not have an embassy accredited to Mexico.
* Mexico is accredited to Liechtenstein from its embassy in Berne, Switzerland and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Vaduz]].<ref name=Switzerland>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suiza/ |title=Embassy of Mexico in Switzerland |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=November 28, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201128144720/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suiza/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Lithuania}}||<!-- Start date -->November 5, 1991||See [[Lithuania–Mexico relations]]
Lithuania and Mexico initially established diplomatic relations on May 31, 1938, and signed a Treaty of Friendship in Washington, D.C., United States. Mexico never recognized the annexation of Lithuania by the Soviet Union and condemned the action. On November 5, 1991, Mexico recognized and re-established diplomatic relations with Lithuania. In 2002, President [[Valdas Adamkus]] paid a visit to Mexico and met with Mexican President [[Vicente Fox]]. In 2008, President Adamkus returned to Mexico for a visit and met with Mexican President [[Felipe Calderón]].<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/letonia-y-lituania/lituania Relations between Mexico and Lithuania] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180423102217/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/suecia/index.php/es/letonia-y-lituania/lituania |date=April 23, 2018 }} (in Spanish)</ref>
* Lithuania is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States, and maintains an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/ |title=Embassy of Lithuania in the United States |access-date=October 4, 2017 |archive-date=December 4, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211204202347/https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Lithuania from its embassy in Stockholm, Sweden and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Vilnius]].<ref name=Sweden />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Luxembourg}}||<!--Date started-->1947||See [[Luxembourg–Mexico relations]]

Diplomatic relations between Luxembourg and Mexico were established in 1947. In 1980, Prime Minister [[Pierre Werner]] paid an official visit to Mexico. In March 1996, [[Jean, Grand Duke of Luxembourg|Grand Duke Jean]] paid a visit to Mexico. During the Grand Duke's visit, both nations signed an Air Transportation Agreement. In April 2019, Prime Minister [[Xavier Bettel]] paid an official visit to Mexico and met with President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/nl/relmex/luxemburgo |title=Diplomatic relations between Mexico and Luxembourg (in Spanish) |access-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410193305/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/belgica/index.php/nl/relmex/luxemburgo |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/prensa/en-palacio-nacional-presidente-lopez-obrador-recibe-a-primer-ministro-de-luxemburgo-xavier-bettel |title=En Palacio Nacional, presidente López Obrador recibe a primer ministro de Luxemburgo, Xavier Bettel (in Spanish) |access-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-date=April 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410200310/https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/prensa/en-palacio-nacional-presidente-lopez-obrador-recibe-a-primer-ministro-de-luxemburgo-xavier-bettel |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Luxembourg is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Mérida, Yucatán|Mérida]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://washington.mae.lu/en |title=Embassy of Luxembourg in the United States |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180601191541/http://washington.mae.lu/en |archive-date=June 1, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Mexico is accredited to Luxembourg from its embassy in Brussels, Belgium and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Luxembourg City]].<ref name=Belgium />
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malta}}||<!-- Start date -->October 29, 1975||

* Mexico is accredited to Malta from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Valletta]].<ref name=Italy />
* Malta is accredited to Mexico from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Valletta.
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|{{flag|Montenegro}}||<!-- Start date -->June 5, 2007||

* Mexico is accredited to Montenegro from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia.<ref name=Serbia />
* Montenegro is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/sections/Missions/Embassies-and-consulates-of-Montenegro/Mexico |title=Montenegrin Ministry of Foreign Affairs: Mexico |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804135612/http://www.mvp.gov.me/en/sections/Missions/Embassies-and-consulates-of-Montenegro/Mexico |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Moldova}}||<!--Date started-->January 14, 1992||

* Mexico is accredited in Moldova from its embassy in Athens, Greece and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Chișinău]].<ref name=Greece />
* Moldova is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sua.mfa.md/bilateral-relations-RM-Mexico/ |title=Embassy of the Republic of Moldova to the United States of America, Canada and Mexico |website=Sua.mfa.md |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150226071904/http://www.sua.mfa.md/bilateral-relations-RM-Mexico/ |archive-date=February 26, 2015 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Monaco}}||<!--Date started-->1881||See [[Mexico–Monaco relations]]

* Mexico is accredited to Monaco from its embassy in Paris, France and maintains an honorary consulate in Monaco.<ref name=France />
* Monaco has an honorary consulate in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://en.gouv.mc/Policy-Practice/Monaco-Worldwide/Diplomacy-and-International-Presence/bilateral-relations/All-the-countries/Mexico |title=Representation of the Principality of Monaco in the United States of Mexico |access-date=June 29, 2019 |archive-date=June 29, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210629020447/https://en.gouv.mc/Policy-Practice/Monaco-Worldwide/Diplomacy-and-International-Presence/bilateral-relations/All-the-countries/Mexico |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Netherlands}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See [[Mexico–Netherlands relations]]
[[File:Visita oficial México Países Bajos (2).jpg|thumb|right|Official visit of Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto to the Netherlands; 2018.]]

On September 27, 1993, the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced ''The Netherlands – Mexico Tax Treaty and Protocol''. The regulations detail the formalities residents of the Netherlands must observe "in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties."<ref>{{cite news |title=Mexico: Netherlands And Mexican Regulations To The Netherlands – Mexico Treaty Announced |url=http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=2835 |quote=In a press release dated 14 March 1997, the Netherlands Ministry of Finance announced the Netherlands and Mexican regulations under the Netherlands – Mexico tax treaty and protocol, both of 27 September 1993. The Mexican regulations deal with the formalities to be observed by residents of the Netherlands in order to be exempt from, or obtain a refund of, the Mexican withholding taxes on dividends, interest and royalties. |work=[[Deloitte & Touche]] |date=September 23, 1997 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |archive-date=July 16, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716201359/http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=2835 |url-status=live }}</ref> In 2008 Mexico and the Netherlands modified their existing tax treaty, initially signed in 1993 to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mexico, Netherlands amend treaty to curb tax evasion |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/13/content_10498133.htm |quote=Mexico and the Netherlands modified a tax treaty signed in 1993 in a bid to strength cooperation to curb tax evasion, Mexican Treasury and Public Credit Ministry said on Friday. |agency=[[Xinhua]] |year=2008 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024115844/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-12/13/content_10498133.htm |archive-date=October 24, 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Mexico: New protocol to the Mexico/Netherlands tax treaty |url=http://www.internationaltaxreview.com/?Page=10&PUBID=35&ISS=25283&SID=716808&TYPE=20 |quote=The Mexican ministry of finance and the Dutch ambassador to Mexico signed a new protocol to the Mexico- Netherlands tax treaty, which includes the following relevant modifications ... |work=[[PricewaterhouseCoopers]] |year=2008 |access-date=June 6, 2009 |archive-date=February 13, 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213162031/http://internationaltaxreview.com/?Page=10&PUBID=35&ISS=25283&SID=716808&TYPE=20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[The Hague]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/paisesbajos/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 4, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160504233011/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/paisesbajos/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Netherlands has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.nlambassade.org |title=Nederlandse Ambassade in Mexico-Stad, Mexico |website=Mexico.nlambassade.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=October 3, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171003095516/http://mexico.nlambassade.org/ |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|North Macedonia}}||<!--Date started-->October 4, 2001||

* Mexico is accredited to North Macedonia from its embassy in Belgrade, Serbia and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Skopje]].<ref name=Serbia /> 
* North Macedonia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web  |url=http://www.mfa.gov.mk/washington/index.php/en/ |title=Embassy of Macedonia in Washington, D.C. |access-date=January 29, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180129195032/http://www.mfa.gov.mk/washington/index.php/en/ |archive-date=January 29, 2018 |url-status=dead}}</ref> 
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|{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->1906||See [[Mexico–Norway relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Oslo]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/index.php/embajadas/noruega |title=Dir-emb-Embajada de México en Noruega |access-date=October 21, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140908192414/http://www.sre.gob.mx/index.php/embajadas/noruega |archive-date=September 8, 2014}}</ref>
* Norway has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.noruega.org.mx |title=el portal oficial en México |website=Noruega.org.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131022041328/http://www.noruega.org.mx/ |archive-date=October 22, 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->February 26, 1928||See [[Mexico–Poland relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/polonia/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020023559/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/polonia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Poland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.gov.pl/web/mexico/embajada |title=Embajada de la República de Polonia en México |language=es |website=Meksyk.msz.gov.pl |access-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-date=October 20, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020205026/https://www.gov.pl/web/mexico/embajada |url-status=live }}</ref>
* See also [[Polish immigration to Mexico]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->October 20, 1864||See [[Mexico–Portugal relations]]
[[File:Visita de Estado do Presidente Peña Nieto a Portugal (2014) - Fotografia de Grupo no Palácio da Ajuda (Sala Chinesa).png|thumb|right|Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto on a state visit to Portugal meeting with Portuguese President Aníbal Cavaco Silva; 2014.]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/portugal |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=February 12, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170212203247/https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/portugal/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Portugal has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embpomex.wordpress.com/ |title=Embaixada de Portugal – México &#124; Site da Embaixada de Portugal na Cidade do México |website=Embpomex.wordpress.com |date=September 22, 2015 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 3, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160503042449/https://embpomex.wordpress.com/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* ''See also'': [[Portuguese immigration to Mexico]]
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|{{flag|Romania}}||<!--Date started-->July 20, 1935||See [[Mexico–Romania relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rumania/|title=Embajada de México en Rumania|access-date=June 11, 2013|archive-date=July 8, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708115318/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/rumania/|url-status=live}}</ref>
* Romania has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.mae.ro/ |title=AMBASADA ROMÂNIEI în Statele Unite Mexicane |website=Mexico.mae.ro |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=April 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421224740/http://mexico.mae.ro/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Russia}}||<!--Date started-->1890||See [[Mexico–Russia relations]]
[[File:Vladimir Putin at the Millennium Summit 6-8 September 2000-12.jpg|right|thumb|230px|[[Vladimir Putin]] and Ernesto Zedillo, at the Millennium Summit, 2000.]]

Diplomatic relations between both countries were established in 1890. In 2010 the 120th anniversary of the ties of friendship between the peoples of Russia and Mexico were celebrated.

Mexico was the first country in the Americas to establish relations with the then Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Soviet politician and leader [[Leon Trotsky]] moved to Mexico from [[Norway]] during his exile. Mexican President [[Lázaro Cárdenas]] welcomed him warmly, arranging a special train to bring him to Mexico City from the port of [[Tampico]]. In Mexico, Trotsky at one point lived at the home of the painter [[Diego Rivera]], and at another at that of Rivera's wife & fellow painter, [[Frida Kahlo]] with whom he had an affair.<ref>{{cite book |last=Herrera |first=Hayden |title=A Biography of Frida Kahlo |year=1983 |publisher=[[HarperCollins]] |url=https://archive.org/details/fridabiographyof00herr|url-access=registration |isbn=978-0-06-008589-6}}</ref>

Due to its good relations with Russia, Mexico has often purchased military equipment from Russia. The [[Mexican Navy]] has received [[BTR-60]]'s [[Ural-4320]], [[Mil Mi-17|Mi-17/8's]], and anti-aircraft missiles [[9K38 Igla|SA-18 Grouse]]. Much of this equipment remains in service.
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref name="autogenerated5" />
* Russia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.embrumex.org |title=Inicio &#124; Portal oficial de la Embajada de la Federacion de Rusia en Estados Unidos Mexicanos |language=es |website=Embrumex.org |access-date=September 18, 2016 |url-status=usurped |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161022220856/http://www.embrumex.org/ |archive-date=October 22, 2016}}</ref>
* ''See also'': [[Russian immigration to Mexico]]
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|{{flag|San Marino}}||<!-- Start date -->March 8, 1968||

* Mexico is accredited to San Marino from its embassy in Rome, Italy and maintains an honorary consulate in the [[City of San Marino]].<ref name=Italy />
* San Marino is accredited to Mexico from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs in San Marino.
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|{{flag|Serbia}}||<!--Date started-->1946||See [[Mexico–Serbia relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Belgrade]].<ref name=Serbia />
* Serbia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.mexico.mfa.gov.rs/spa/index.php |title=Embassy of Serbia in Mexico City |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113558/http://www.mexico.mfa.gov.rs/spa/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Slovenia}}||<!--Date started-->1992||See [[Mexico–Slovenia relations]]

Mexico was the first [[Latin American]] country to recognize Slovenia after gaining independence on May 22, 1992. Mexican parliament members have praised Slovenia's participation in the eight-country initiative (which includes Mexico) for a world without [[nuclear weapons]] and its achievements in the human rights area. Since 1999 both countries have abolished visas as an example of strengthening relations.
* Mexico is accredited to Slovenia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria.<ref name=Austria />
* Slovenia is accredited to Mexico from its embassy in Washington, D.C., United States.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.washington.embassy.si/ |title=Embassy of Slovenia in the United States |access-date=May 28, 2018 |archive-date=October 6, 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006130144/http://www.washington.embassy.si/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Slovakia}}||<!--Date started-->January 1, 1993||See [[Mexico–Slovakia relations]]
In November 2017, Slovak President [[Andrej Kiska]] paid an official visit to Mexico.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/articulos/visita-de-estado-del-presidente-de-la-republica-eslovaca-andrej-kiska-135620?idiom=es |title=Visita de Estado del Presidente de la República Eslovaca, Andrej Kiska (in Spanish) |access-date=November 22, 2017 |archive-date=December 1, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201044223/https://www.gob.mx/presidencia/articulos/visita-de-estado-del-presidente-de-la-republica-eslovaca-andrej-kiska-135620?idiom=es |url-status=live }}</ref>

* Mexico is accredited to Slovakia from its embassy in Vienna, Austria and maintains an honorary consulate in [[Bratislava]].<ref name=Austria />
* Slovakia has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.mzv.sk/web/mexico-en |title=Embassy of Slovakia in Mexico |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804113230/https://www.mzv.sk/web/mexico-en |url-status=dead }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--Date started-->December 26, 1836||See [[Mexico–Spain relations]]
[[File:Pedro Sánchez visita México 04.jpg|thumb|right|Mexican President [[Andrés Manuel López Obrador]] and Spanish Prime Minister [[Pedro Sánchez]] in Mexico City; January 2019.]]

After the [[Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire]] was successfully archived in 1521, Mexico became part of the [[Spanish Empire]] as the [[Viceroyalty of New Spain]], which lasted until 1821 when the [[Kingdom of Spain]] officially recognized the [[independence of Mexico]] by signing the [[Treaty of Córdoba]].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 529-530.</ref> [[Ferdinand VII of Spain|Ferdinand VII]] never gave his approval to the treaty signed by [[Juan O'Donojú]], until he died in 1833, serious negotiations started to formalize the independence, the "Treaty of Peace and Friendship" was signed on December 28, 1836.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 540–544.</ref>

The first decades of Mexico's post-independence period were characterized by [[Economy of Mexico|economic instability]]. On July 17, 1861, then-President [[Benito Juárez]]'s suspension of interest payments to foreign countries angered Mexico's major creditors: Spain, [[Second French Empire|France]] and [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|Great Britain]].<ref name="VF 105" /> [[Napoleon III of France|Napoleon III]] was the leader of this operation, and the three powers signed the [[Treaty of London (1861)|Treaty of London]] on October 31 to unite their efforts to receive payments from Mexico. On December 8 the Spanish fleet and troops from [[History of Cuba#The 19th century: Years of upheaval|Spanish-controlled Cuba]] arrived at Mexico's main Gulf port, [[Veracruz]]. Spain along Great Britain soon withdrew after the signing of the "Treaty of La Soledad", France did not agree with the terms and [[Pastry War|immediately invaded Mexico]].<ref name="VF 105" />

During the [[Spanish–American War]], Mexico remained neutral to avoid conflicts with the United States and Spain, despite previously having negotiated the eventual annexation of [[Cuba]] with Washington.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 119.</ref> In 1936, the [[Lázaro Cárdenas|Cárdenas administration]] declared, in the [[League of Nations]], that "Spain was a victim of foreign aggression and had the right of moral and diplomatic support from the [[international community]]".<ref name="VF 137" /> The government decided to openly support the [[Second Spanish Republic|republican forces]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref name="VF 137">Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 137.</ref> Once the war finished in 1939, Mexico received nearly 30,000 [[asylum seeker]]s and immediately broke off diplomatic relations with the "[[Spanish State]]" [[Spain under Franco|under the rule of]] [[Francisco Franco|dictator Francisco Franco]].<ref name="VF 137" />

Since their re-establishment on March 28, 1977, have been strengthened within a modern, legal and institutional framework to promote politic dialogue and [[Internationalism (politics)|cooperation]]. In January 1990, the "General Treaty of Cooperation and Friendship" was signed to establish a Bilateral Commission.<ref name="Embassy in Spain" /> In 2007, President [[Felipe Calderón|Calderón]] and [[Prime Minister of Spain|Spanish President]] [[José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero]] paid [[state visit]]s reciprocally<ref name="Embassy in Spain">{{cite web |language=es |author=Mexican Ministry of Foreign Affairs |title=Bilateral Relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain |url=http://www.sre.gob.mx/espana/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010526182259/http://www.sre.gob.mx/espana/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=May 26, 2001 |access-date=April 13, 2009 }}</ref> and signed a declaration to deepen the strategic association between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |language=es |title=Declaration to Deepen the Strategic Association between the United Mexican States and the Kingdom of Spain |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain |date=July 16, 2007 |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/declaracion.pdf |access-date=April 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131630/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/declaracion.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2011}}</ref> After the [[European Union]]-Mexico [[Free Trade Agreement]] went into force in July 2000, Spain became Mexico's seventh trading partner and second amongst the [[European Union members]].<ref>{{cite web |language=es |title=Bilateral Economic Relations |publisher=Mexican Embassy in Spain |url=http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/relecomxesp.pdf |access-date=April 13, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718131630/http://portal.sre.gob.mx/espana/pdf/relecomxesp.pdf |archive-date=July 18, 2011}}</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in [[Madrid]]<ref name=Spain /> and a consulate-general in [[Barcelona]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/barcelona/ |title=Consulate of Mexico in Barcelona |access-date=August 2, 2017 |archive-date=August 1, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200801190712/https://consulmex.sre.gob.mx/barcelona/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Spain has an embassy in [[Mexico City]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.maec.es/Subwebs/Embajadas/mexico/es/home/Paginas/home_mexico.aspx |title=Embajada de EspaĆ±a en Mexico |access-date=November 15, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130412012109/http://www.maec.es/subwebs/Embajadas/Mexico/es/home/Paginas/home_mexico.aspx |archive-date=April 12, 2013}}</ref> and consulates-general in [[Guadalajara]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Guadalajara/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |title=Páginas – Consulado de España en Guadalajara |website=Exteriores.gob.es |date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 18, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200718092332/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Guadalajara/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref> and [[Monterrey]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Monterrey/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |title=Páginas – Consulado de España en Monterrey |website=Exteriores.gob.es |date=September 13, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 6, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200706021452/http://www.exteriores.gob.es/Consulados/Monterrey/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* ''See also'': [[Spanish immigration to Mexico]]
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|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--Date started-->July 29, 1885||See [[Mexico–Sweden relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].<ref name=Sweden />
* Sweden has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.swedenabroad.com/es-ES/Embassies/Mexico-City/ |title=Embassy of Sweden in Mexico |access-date=November 24, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141223091820/http://www.swedenabroad.com/es-ES/Embassies/Mexico-City/ |archive-date=December 23, 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->1827||See [[Mexico–Switzerland relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Bern]].<ref name=Switzerland />
* Switzerland has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.eda.admin.ch/countries/mexico/es/home/representaciones/embajada.html |title=Embassy of Switzerland in Mexico City |access-date=August 4, 2017 |archive-date=November 25, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201125090630/https://www.eda.admin.ch/countries/mexico/es/home/representaciones/embajada.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
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|{{flag|Ukraine}}||<!--Date started-->January 12, 1992||See [[Mexico–Ukraine relations]]

* Mexico has an embassy in [[Kyiv]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ucrania/ |title=Inicio |website=Embamex.sre.gob.mx |date=April 13, 2016 |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=May 16, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516102242/http://embamex.sre.gob.mx/ucrania/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Ukraine has an embassy in Mexico City.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mexico.mfa.gov.ua/es |title=Embajada de Ucrania en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos |website=Mexico.mfa.gov.ua |access-date=September 18, 2016 |archive-date=July 6, 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150706183634/http://mexico.mfa.gov.ua/es |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Kingdom}}||September 26, 1826||See [[Mexico–United Kingdom relations]]
Mexico established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 26 December 1826.<ref name="britain"/>

*Mexico has an [[Embassy of Mexico, London|embassy]] in [[London]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=22 June 2023|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/north-america/mexico/|title=Mexico|website=Diplomat Magazine|access-date=22 April 2025|archive-date=19 February 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250219035402/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/north-america/mexico/|url-status=live}}</ref>
*United Kingdom has an [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Mexico City|embassy]] in Mexico City, and a consulate general in Cancún.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-mexico-city|title=British Embassy Mexico City|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240601004909/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-mexico-city|archive-date=1 June 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of [[Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership|CPTPP]], the [[G20]], the [[International Criminal Court]], the [[OECD]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{cite web|author=[[HM Revenue and Customs]]|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mexico-tax-treaties|date=7 June 2011|title=Mexico: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|access-date=22 April 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250408171851/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/mexico-tax-treaties|archive-date=8 April 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2545/mexico---united-kingdom-bit-2006-|title=Mexico - United Kingdom BIT (2006)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220811044653/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bilateral-investment-treaties/2545/mexico---united-kingdom-bit-2006-|archive-date=11 August 2022|url-status=live}}</ref> and a [[Free trade agreements of the United Kingdom|Trade Continuity Agreement]].<ref>{{cite web|last=James|first=William|title=Britain and Mexico agree deal on post-Brexit trade|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M|website=[[Reuters]]|date=15 December 2020|access-date=30 July 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230823122202/https://www.reuters.com/article/britain-mexico-trade/britain-and-mexico-agree-deal-on-post-brexit-trade-idUKL1N2IV13M/|archive-date=23 August 2023|url-status=live}}</ref> Additionally the two countries are negotiating a [[Mexico–United Kingdom Free Trade Agreement|Free Trade Agreement]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Smout|first=Alistair|date=20 May 2022|title=Britain launches free trade deal talks with Mexico|url=https://www.reuters.com/world/britain-launches-free-trade-deal-talks-with-mexico-2022-05-20/|website=Reuters|access-date=16 March 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220520154051/https://www.reuters.com/world/britain-launches-free-trade-deal-talks-with-mexico-2022-05-20/|archive-date=20 May 2022|url-status=live}}</ref>

Due to rivalry with [[French colonial empire|France]] and [[Spanish Empire|Spain]], then-Prime Minister [[George Canning]] was interested in recognizing the independence of the newborn nations in the Americas. On June 27, 1824, Canning received Mexican plenipotentiary minister [[José Mariano Michelena]] and recognized Mexico as an independent country ''de facto'', and [[de jure|formally]] on December 30, despite opposition from the British cabinet.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 85.</ref> [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] was the first country to officially recognize the independence of Mexico.<ref>{{cite web|language=es|title=Inglaterra: primer país que reconoce la Independencia de México|publisher=Memoria Politica de Mexico|url=http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/04011825.html|access-date=September 26, 2011|archive-date=October 1, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211001131117/http://www.memoriapoliticademexico.org/Efemerides/1/04011825.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In subsequent decades, the United Kingdom would persuade other European countries to recognize Mexico, especially Spain, and offer [[mediation]] in different international conflicts that involved Mexico in the 19th century such as the [[Pastry War]]<ref name="Velázquez Flores 2007, p. 96" /> and the [[Texas War of Independence]].<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 575.</ref> By 1861, Mexico was a country deeply in debt and torn by divisions of the power of the Roman Catholic Church. Mexico's creditors demanded repayment, forcing then-President [[Benito Juárez]] to declare a two-year [[Debt moratorium|moratorium]] on [[foreign debt]], which in turn led to a punitive expedition sent by Britain, [[Second French Empire|France]] and Spain. Juarez successfully negotiated the "Treaty of La Soledad" with the British and Spanish, who soon withdrew.<ref name="VF 105" /> After the [[Mexican Congress]] ratified a commercial agreement with the U.S. in 1883, Great Britain showed more interest in reestablish diplomatic relations with Mexico, and quickly did so a couple of years later.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 118.</ref> Sovereignty over the territory of [[Belize]] was historically claimed by Mexico, but the [[British crown]] refused to discuss this issue for a long time; however, in 1897, the signing of the "Mariscal-Spencer Treaty" resolved the territorial disputes with the [[British Honduras|British crown colony]].<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 114.</ref>

In 1917, [[Constitution of Mexico|Mexico's newly promulgated Constitution]] provided, among other things, restrictions on foreign ownership of land and [[subsoil]] resources, notably oil.<ref>El Colegio de México (2007), p. 817.</ref> This last provision, included in Article 27, was ominous for American and British investors who had obtained oil-mining concessions.<ref name="Oil YT" /> Due to heavy foreign pressure, subsequent governments did not strictly applicate the article, until [[Lázaro Cárdenas]], who on March 18, 1938, fully [[nationalization|nationalized]] the oil-industry. This measure led to protests by the British government questioning the nationalization and Mexico's solvency to execute it. In response, a check, in an amount worth of the demands for nationalization, was sent and diplomatic ties were broken off.<ref>Velázquez Flores (2007), p. 135-136.</ref> [[Petróleos Mexicanos|PEMEX]] replaced the 17 Anglo-American companies, however, the country faced hard retaliations from the transnational oil companies, and an international boycott that could be overcome ten years later.<ref name="Oil YT">{{cite web |language=es |author=History Channel |title=Historia del Petróleo |publisher=YouTube |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk |access-date=April 16, 2009 |archive-date=November 29, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111129101942/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPGJ7aSuGjk |url-status=live }}</ref>

Decades later, several state visits would be reciprocally paid, notably Queen [[Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom]] in 1975.<ref>{{cite web |title=Outward State visits since 195 |publisher=The official website of the British Monarchy |url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/OutwardStatevisitssince1952.aspx |access-date=April 16, 2009 |archive-date=April 6, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406123528/http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/RoyalVisits/OutwardStatevisitssince1952.aspx |url-status=live }}</ref> On March 31 – April 1, 2009, President [[Felipe Calderón]] officially visited the UK to discuss issues related to modernization of the national oil industry, [[climate change]] and strategic cooperation with Prime Minister [[Gordon Brown]], as well as coordinating actions for the [[2009 G-20 London Summit|G-20 London Summit]].<ref>{{cite web |title=PM and President Calderon press conference |date=March 31, 2009 |url=http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page18870 |access-date=April 16, 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090407044809/http://www.number10.gov.uk/Page18870 |archive-date=April 7, 2009}}</ref>
* ''See also'': [[British immigration to Mexico]] and [[Cornish diaspora]]
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