Editing Foreign relations of Jordan (section)

==List of bilateral relations==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:12%;"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Armenia}}|| ||

*
* Armenia is represented by a consulate in the capital [[Amman]].
|-
|{{Flag|Azerbaijan}}
|
|See [[Azerbaijan–Jordan relations|Azerbaijan-Jordan relations]]
* On December 28, 1991, Jordan recognized the independence of Azerbaijan.
* Azerbaijan has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Baku]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Brazil}}|| ||
* Brazil has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Brasília]].
|- valign="top"
|{{Flag|Brunei Darussalam}}|| ||
In May 2008, [[King Abdullah II]] visited [[Brunei]], to bolster ties between Jordan and the southeast Asian nation, as well as discuss issues facing the [[Muslim world]]. Along with [[Hassanal Bolkiah|Sultan of Brunei Darussalam]], Abdullah signed agreements devised to enhance cooperation in the economic, tourism and defense fields.<ref>Azaraimy,  H. "[http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/May08/150508/nite01.htm Brunei, Jordan Ties To Reach New Level] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110610104953/http://www.brudirect.com/DailyInfo/News/Archive/May08/150508/nite01.htm |date=2011-06-10 }}," ''Brudirect.com News''</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Chile}}||28 September 1954||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 September 1954 when has been accredited Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of Jordan to Chile Mr. Issa Bandak.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book |title=Memoria |publisher=Chile. Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores |year=1956 |pages=442 |language=es}}</ref>
* Chile has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Santiago]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|China}}||7 April 1977||See [[China–Jordan relations]]
* Jordan recognized the [[Taiwan|Republic of China]] on Taiwan in August 1957, official diplomatic relations of the People's Republic of China began on 7 April 1977<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ambassador Chen Chuandong's Interview with Jordan Times |url=http://jo.china-embassy.gov.cn/eng/dtxw/202203/t20220301_10646942.htm |access-date=3 June 2023 |website=Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan}}</ref>
* China has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Beijing]].
*2 [[Confucius Institute]]s were established in Jordan, the first at the [[Talal Abu-Ghazaleh|Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Global organization]] in September 2008 and the second at [[Philadelphia University (Jordan)|Amman's Philadelphia University]], in September 2012.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Yellinek|first1=Roie|last2=Mann|first2=Yossi|last3=Lebel|first3=Udi|date=2020-11-01|title=Chinese Soft-Power in the Arab world – China's Confucius Institutes as a central tool of influence|url=https://doi.org/10.1080/01495933.2020.1826843|journal=Comparative Strategy|volume=39|issue=6|pages=517–534|doi=10.1080/01495933.2020.1826843|s2cid=226263146|issn=0149-5933}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Cyprus}}|| ||
* Cyprus has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Nicosia]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Denmark}}||18 January 1958||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 18 January 1958 when was accredited first Ambassador of Denmark to Jordan (resident in Cairo) Mr. Eggert Holten<ref name=":2">{{Cite book |title=Udenrigsministeriets kalender |publisher=Denmark. Udenrigsministeriet |year=1962 |pages=169 |language=da}}</ref>
* Denmark has an honorary consulate in Amman.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jordan.um.dk/ |title=Danmark i Jordan |access-date=2020-01-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190728113023/http://jordan.um.dk/ |archive-date=2019-07-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* Jordan has an honorary consulate in [[Copenhagen]]<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jordanembassy.de/honorary%20consulates.htm |title=Honorary Consulates |access-date=2018-04-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180405225407/http://www.jordanembassy.de/honorary%20consulates.htm |archive-date=2018-04-05 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Egypt}}||28 May 1947||See [[Egypt–Jordan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 28 May 1947 when Mohamed Bey Yassin, Egyptian Minister in Transjordan with residence in Baghdad presented his credentials.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Jarman |title=Political Diaries of the Arab World: 1947 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=2001 |pages=601}}</ref>

* Egypt has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Cairo]]. 
|-
|{{Flag|France}}
|
|France is Jordan's biggest European investor<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-25 |title=Senate Friendship Committee meets with French ambassador |url=https://jordantimes.com/news/local/senate-friendship-committee-meets-french-ambassador |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=Jordan Times |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=وكالة الانباء الاردنية |url=https://petra.gov.jo/Include/Main.jsp?lang=ar |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=بترا -وكالة الأنباء الأردنية}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=France and Jordan |url=https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files/jordan/france-and-jordan-65107/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=France Diplomacy - Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs |language=en}}</ref>

* Jordan has an embassy in [[Paris]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Jordanian Diplomatic Missions Abroad |url=https://form.jordan.gov.jo/wps/portal/Home/Connect/JordanianDiplomaticMissionsAbroad |access-date=14 July 2023 |website=The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan}}</ref>
* France has an embassy in [[Amman]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=La France en Jordanie - Ambassade de France à Amman |url=https://jo.ambafrance.org/ |access-date=2023-07-14 |website=jo.ambafrance.org}}</ref>
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|Georgia}}|| ||See [[Foreign relations of Georgia|Georgia–Jordan relations]]
|-
|{{GER}}
|
|See [[Germany–Jordan relations]]
* Both countries are close allies and Germany is the second-largest bilateral donor of [[development aid]] to Jordan after the [[United States]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=Amt |first=Auswärtiges |title=Jordan and Germany: Bilateral relations |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/en/aussenpolitik/jordan/227494 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=German Federal Foreign Office |language=en}}</ref>
* Germany has an embassy in Amman.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Deutsche Vertretungen in Jordanien |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/jordanien-node/jordanien/218012 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Berlin]].<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |title=Vertretungen Jordaniens in Deutschland |url=https://www.auswaertiges-amt.de/de/aussenpolitik/laender/jordanien-node/vertretungenjordanien/218016 |access-date=2022-12-17 |website=Auswärtiges Amt |language=de}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Greece–Jordan relations]]

* Greece has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Athens]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Holy See}}|| ||See [[Holy See–Jordan relations]]
The Holy See has a [[nunciature]] in Amman. Jordan has an embassy in [[Rome]] accredited to the Holy See. The Holy See has maintained comparatively good relations with Jordan. The name of the country comes from the [[Jordan River]], which is significant to [[Christians]] because it was the place where [[Jesus]] was baptized by [[John the Baptist]]. Various Christian clerics in the Arab world have a Jordanian background, such as [[Maroun Lahham]] in [[Tunisia]] and [[Fouad Twal]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|India}}|| ||
See [[India–Jordan relations]]

The [[Republic of India]] and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan signed their first bilateral agreement for cooperation and friendly relations in 1947, which was formalised in 1950 when India became a [[sovereignty|sovereign]] [[democratic republic]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jordanembassyindia.org/|title=Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in India|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150208061417/http://www.jordanembassyindia.org/|archive-date=8 February 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> The [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Ministry of External Affairs]] of the [[Government of India]] stated in August 2011 that, 'India and Jordan have very warm, cordial and cooperative relations; 
and it is our hope that the existing mutually beneficial relationship would be 
further deepened and strengthened in the days ahead.'<ref name="meaindia.nic.in">{{cite web|url=http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50044484|title=MEA - MEA Links : Indian Missions Abroad|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305025635/http://meaindia.nic.in/mystart.php?id=50044484|archive-date=5 March 2016|url-status=live}}</ref> Indian tourists visited Jordan in large numbers in 2010, with nearly 51,000 visitors. Apart from this, military, cultural and economic exchanges between the two nations is widespread. Quoting the [[Ministry of External Affairs (India)|Indian Foreign Ministry]], 'India was the largest export partner and ninth largest import partner of Jordan in 2008.  The trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$1.785 billion in 2008 i.e. Jordan's imports from India stood at about US$503 million in 2008 while its exports to India reached at US$1.283 billion in 2008. India's position in 2009 is third and fifteenth respectively as  the trade turnover between the two countries stood at US$983 million in 2009 i.e. India's exports to Jordan in 2009 stood at US$297 million while imports were valued at US$686 million. In 2010, the India-Jordan trade volume stood at US$1.16 billion i.e. India's  exports to Jordan  stood at US$382 million  in 2010 while  imports were to the tune of US$783 million in 2010.'<ref name="meaindia.nic.in" /> Jordan is also a member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement]] and has thus forged close relations with India. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iran}}|| ||See [[Iran–Jordan relations]]
* Iran has an embassy in Amman.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Tehran]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Iraq}}||24 May 1947||See [[Iraq–Jordan relations]]
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 24 May 1947 when Jamil Pasha el Rawi, the first Iraqi Minister to Transjordan, presented his credentials.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last=Robert L. Jarman |title=Political Diaries of the Arab World: 1947 |publisher=Archive Editions |year=2001 |pages=601}}</ref>

Despite periodic crises of confidence and lingering Iraqi resentment over Jordan's close ties with Saddam Hussein, the two countries have managed to forge deep ties, in fact, Jordan has taken the lead among [[Arab states]] to do so. In the face of repeated attacks and threats, Jordan has maintained a strong diplomatic presence in [[Baghdad]].
The economic impact of the Iraq crisis in Jordan has been mixed. Jordan has benefited greatly from serving as a "gateway" to Iraq for governments, aid workers, contractors, and businesspeople, the real estate and banking sectors are booming, and it stands to reap more benefits from increased trade and transport should the situation in Iraq improve. However, with the fall of [[Saddam Hussein]], Jordan lost the sizable oil subsidies and customary shipments it received from Iraq.<ref name="JordanAndIraq">{{cite web|url=http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr178.html |title=Jordan and Iraq: Between Cooperation and Crisis |access-date=2008-08-25 |publisher=[[United States Institute of Peace]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080709003038/http://www.usip.org/pubs/specialreports/sr178.html |archive-date=2008-07-09 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Unlike many of Iraq's other neighbors, Jordan can claim only modest influence over developments in Iraq. The kingdom does have notable intelligence capabilities vis-à-vis Iraq, and it reportedly helped the United States track down and kill [[Al-Qaeda in Iraq]] leader [[Abu Musab al-Zarqawi]]. Although some Jordanians highlight cross-border tribal and family connections with Iraqi [[Sunni]] [[Arabs]], they pale in comparison to those of the [[West Bank]], [[Lebanon]], and Syria. Jordan's most significant means of influence is its hosting of a large and ever-changing Iraqi expatriate community, mostly of Sunni Arab origin.
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|{{flag|Israel}}||27 November 1994||See [[Israel–Jordan relations]]
Both countries established full diplomatic relations with the ratification of the peace treaty on 27 November 1994.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 28, 1994 |title=Israel and Jordan Establish Ties |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/11/28/world/israel-and-jordan-establish-ties.html |access-date=6 September 2023 |website=The New York Times}}</ref>

Jordan and Israel have had official relations since 1994, when their leaders signed a peace treaty.<ref name="dschenker">{{cite book|last=Schenker|first=David|title=Dancing with Saddam|year=2003|publisher=Lexington Books|location=Lanham|pages=15|url=http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/DancingwithSaddam.pdf.pdf|access-date=2013-01-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083130/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/DancingwithSaddam.pdf.pdf|archive-date=2014-10-06|url-status=live}}</ref>  Historically, Jordan has had relatively warm relations with Israel compared to other Arab nations. [[Jordan]], [[Egypt]], the [[UAE]], [[Bahrain]] and [[Morocco]] are the only Arab nations to have signed peace treaties with Israel.
|-
|{{Flag|Japan}}
|
|Japan is one of Jordan’s biggest donors.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-09-03 |title=Japan loans Jordan $100 million for electricity reforms |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/japan-loans-jordan-100-mln-electricity-reforms-2023-09-03/ |access-date=2023-09-11}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Kosovo}}|| ||
Jordan recognised the independence of the [[Republic of Kosovo]] on 7 July 2009.<ref>[http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,12 Jordan recognizes the Republic of Kosovo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620180831/http://www.mfa-ks.net/?page=2,4,12 |date=2018-06-20 }}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Kosovo, 2009-07-08</ref>

Jordan supported Kosovo at the [[International Court of Justice advisory opinion on Kosovo's declaration of independence|International Court of Justice's advisory opinion]] on Kosovo's declaration of independence in December 2009.<ref name="Day 7">{{cite news|url=http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/9/Srbija/354871/Francuska+protiv+izja%C5%A1njavanja+MSP|title=Francuska protiv izjašnjavanja MSP|date=9 December 2009|publisher=RTS|language=sr|access-date=9 December 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091220100950/http://www.rts.rs/page/stories/sr/story/9/Srbija/354871/Francuska+protiv+izja%C5%A1njavanja+MSP|archive-date=20 December 2009|url-status=live}}</ref> 
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|{{flag|Kuwait}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Kuwait relations]]
Kuwait's relations with Jordan weakened during the [[Gulf War]] because of Jordan's stand with [[Iraq]]. However, the two nations have apparently decided to bury the past. [[King Abdullah II]] and the [[Emir of Kuwait]] are working to restore good relations and further strengthen them.
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|{{flag|Lebanon}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Lebanon relations]]
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Beirut]].
* Lebanon has an embassy in Amman.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Malaysia}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Jordan–Malaysia relations]]

Jordan has an embassy in [[Kuala Lumpur]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jordanembassy.org.my/index.html|title=Embassy of The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, Kuala Lumpur|publisher=Jordan Embassy|access-date=28 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121041458/http://www.jordanembassy.org.my/index.html|archive-date=21 January 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> and Malaysia has an embassy in [[Amman]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kln.gov.my/web/jor_amman/home|title=Official Website of Embassy of Malaysia, Amman|publisher=[[Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Malaysia]]|access-date=28 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203180158/http://www.kln.gov.my/web/jor_amman/home|archive-date=3 February 2014|url-status=live}}</ref> Relations between the two countries are mainly in economic and Islamic affairs.
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|{{flag|Mexico}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Mexico relations]]
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Mexico City]].<ref>[https://mfa.gov.jo/es/embassy/Mexico Embassy of Jordan in Mexico City]</ref>
* Mexico has an embassy in Amman.<ref>[https://embamex.sre.gob.mx/jordania/ Embassy of Mexico in Amman]</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Netherlands}}|| ||
* Jordan has an embassy in [[The Hague]].
* the Netherlands has an embassy in Amman.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Pakistan}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Pakistan relations]]
The preliminary and initial forms of Pakistan-Jordan contact can date as early as up to the 1970s and 1980s, although associations have risen at firmer altitudes since the mid-1990s up to 2000. In 2001, some prominent Pakistani leaders completed a visit to Amman, where they discussed with leaders of Jordan about pledging full-scale cooperations. In the duration of the convention, the [[King of Jordan]] had lauded what he called "deep, strong and historical relations" between the two countries and affirmed Jordan's keenness on consolidating its ties with Pakistan for the benefit of the two peoples.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200101/09/eng20010109_59923.html|title=Jordan, Pakistan Pledge Full-Scale Cooperation|access-date=21 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528133318/http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/english/200101/09/eng20010109_59923.html|archive-date=28 May 2013|url-status=live}}</ref>
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Palestine}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Jordan–Palestine relations]]

* Jordan has an embassy in [[Ramallah]] and a representative office in [[Gaza City]].
* Palestine has an embassy in Amman.
|-- valign="top"
|{{flag|Portugal}}|| ||See [[Foreign relations of Portugal|Jordan–Portugal relations]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Qatar}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Qatar relations]]
During the [[2017 Qatar diplomatic crisis]], Jordan downgraded diplomatic ties with [[Qatar]].<ref name="CNNlist">{{Cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/06/middleeast/qatar-diplomatic-crisis/index.html|title=Qatar: We're 'willing to talk' to resolve diplomatic crisis|publisher=CNN|date=June 6, 2017|access-date=June 6, 2017|author1=Katie Hunt|author2=Elizabeth Roberts|author3=Victoria Brown|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170606113452/http://www.cnn.com/2017/06/06/middleeast/qatar-diplomatic-crisis/index.html|archive-date=June 6, 2017|url-status=live}}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Romania}}|| ||
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Bucharest]].
* Romania has an embassy in Amman.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Russia}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Russia relations]]

Russia has an embassy in Amman, while Jordan has an embassy in [[Moscow]]. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Saudi Arabia}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Saudi Arabia relations]]
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Riyadh]] and a consulate in [[Jeddah]].
* Saudi Arabia has an embassy in Amman. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|South Korea}} ||26 July 1962||Both countries established diplomatic relations on 26 July 1962<ref>{{Cite web |title=Overview |url=https://www.mofa.go.kr/eng/nation/m_4902/view.do?seq=187 |access-date=17 May 2023 |website=mofa.go.kr}}</ref> 
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Seoul]].
* South Korean embassy in Amman.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://overseas.mofa.go.kr/jo-ar/index.do | title=سفارة جمهورية كوريا في المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية }}</ref> 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Spain}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Spain relations]] 
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Madrid]].
* Spain has an embassy in Amman.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Syria}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Jordan–Syria relations]]

Relations between Jordan and Syria have fluctuated widely between normal diplomatic relations and full armed confrontation. At times, each side has attempted to subvert the other, and has supported and provided refuge to the other's internal opposition groups. 
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Turkey}}|| ||See [[Jordan–Turkey relations]]
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Ankara]].
* Turkey has an embassy in Amman.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|United Arab Emirates}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Jordan–United Arab Emirates relations]]
*The United Arab Emirates has an embassy in Amman.
*Jordan maintains an embassy in [[Abu Dhabi]] and a consulate-general in [[Dubai]]. Both countries are part of the Middle East region and share close cultural ties. 
*Most notably, [[Princess Haya bint Al Hussein]] of Dubai is of Jordanian origin.
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|{{flag|United Kingdom}}|| ||See [[Jordan–United Kingdom relations]]                                                                                      [[File:Royal Navy Sea King Helicopter Landing in the Desert MOD 45156001.jpg|thumb|British [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] of [[845 Naval Air Squadron|845 NAS]] in the Jordanian desert during Exercise Pashtun Commando 2013]]
The royal family has close ties to Britain - [[Abdullah II of Jordan|King Abdullah's]] mother [[Princess Muna al-Hussein|Princess Muna]] is British by birth and [[Queen Noor]] has a country house in [[Berkshire]]. Jordan has good relations with the British armed services, with regular visits and training events such as [[Exercise Pashtun Commando 2013]].
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|{{flag|United States}}|| ||See [[Jordan–United States relations]]
{{see also|Embassy of Jordan, Washington, D.C.|List of Jordanian ambassadors to the United States|United States Ambassador to Jordan}}

U.S. policy seeks to reinforce Jordan's commitment to peace, stability, and moderation.
* Jordan has an embassy in [[Washington, DC]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.jordanembassyus.org/ |title=Embassy of Jordan in Washington, D.C. |access-date=2019-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110805152519/http://www.jordanembassyus.org/ |archive-date=2011-08-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* United States has an embassy in Amman.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://jordan.usembassy.gov/ |title=Embassy of the United States in Amman (in Arabic and English) |access-date=2019-12-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160607171951/http://jordan.usembassy.gov/ |archive-date=2016-06-07 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

{{StateDept |url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3464.htm}}
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