Editing Foreign relations of Israel (section)

== North Africa and Middle East ==
{{See also|Arab League and the Arab–Israeli conflict}}
[[File:Israel-Palestine Diplomacy.svg|thumb|right|upright=1.5|
{{legend|#cdcd9c|Recognition of both Israel and [[State of Palestine|Palestinian State]]}}
{{legend|#FF4500|Recognition of Palestinian State only}}
{{legend|#E5A238|Recognition of Palestine, with some relations to Israel}}
{{legend|#0052ff|Recognition of Israel only}}
{{legend|#5fadff|Recognition of Israel, with some relations to Palestine}}]]
On 1 October 1994, the Persian Gulf states announced their support for a review of [[Economic and political boycotts of Israel|the Arab boycott]], abolishing the secondary and tertiary boycotts against Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/1995/10/Developments_Peace-process-review_-October-1994-October-1995.pdf |title=Developments related to the Middle East peace process |year=1994 }}</ref>

=== Algeria ===
{{Main|Algeria–Israel relations}}

In the mid-1990s, while Israel and North African states slowly started diplomatic relations, Algeria remained one of the last countries to consider such a move. It was only when [[Israeli prime minister]] [[Ehud Barak]] met [[Algerian President]] [[Abdelaziz Bouteflika]] at the funeral of the [[Kings of Morocco|Moroccan King]] [[Hasan II]] on 25 July 1999 that comments about rapprochement were made.

Algeria and Israel do not have diplomatic relations.

=== Bahrain ===
{{Main|Bahrain–Israel relations}}

In 2011, amid [[2011–2012 Bahraini uprising|Arab spring uprising]], Wikileaks cables published on ''[[Haaretz]]'' revealed some of the hidden relations between Bahraini and Israeli officials. In a meeting with the U.S. ambassador in February 2005, Bahrain's [[King of Bahrain|king]], [[Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa]] had bragged about having contact with Israel's national intelligence agency, [[Mossad]]. He indicated that Bahrain is ready to develop relations in other fields as well. The king reportedly gave orders that official statements don't use phrases such as "enemy" and "Zionist entity" when referring to Israel anymore. However, he refused the idea of having trade relations, saying it was "too early" and would be postponed until the establishment of an independent Palestine state.<ref name="Haaretz 8.4.2011">{{cite news | author=Yossi Melman | title = Haaretz Wikileaks exclusive / Bahrain King boasted of intelligence ties with Israel | date=8 April 2011 | work=Haaretz | url = http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/haaretz-wikileaks-exclusive-bahrain-king-boasted-of-intelligence-ties-with-israel-1.354728 | access-date=18 March 2012| author-link = Yossi Melman }}</ref>

Both countries [[Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement|agreed]] to fully normalize relations in September 2020.<ref>{{cite web |title=Trump announces 'peace deal' between Bahrain and Israel |url=http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-54124996 |website=bbc.com |access-date=12 September 2020 |date=11 September 2020}}</ref>

=== Egypt ===
{{Main|Egypt–Israel relations}}
[[File:Begin, Carter and Sadat at Camp David 1978.jpg|thumb|[[Menachem Begin]], [[Jimmy Carter]] and [[Anwar Sadat]] at [[Camp David]]]]
Israel has had full diplomatic relations with Egypt since the signing of the [[Egypt–Israel peace treaty]] in 1979. In Israel, the 1978 [[Camp David Accords]] were supported by 85% of Israelis, according to a 2001 poll taken by the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies, based in Israel.<ref>Ronen, Joshua. [http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/Hjerus1.html "Poll: 58% of Israelis back Oslo process."] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080502195917/http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/Hjerus1.html |date=2 May 2008}} [[Tel Aviv University]].</ref>

However, Egyptian public opinion of Israel is highly negative. According to an Egyptian Government 2006 poll of 1,000 Egyptians (taken at the time of the [[2006 Lebanon War]]), 92% of Egyptians view Israel as an enemy nation.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6107160.stm "Denmark 'Egypt's foe', says poll"] [[BBC News]]. 1 November 2006. 28 April 2008.</ref><ref>[[Daniel Pipes|Pipes, Daniel]]. [http://www.nysun.com/article/43906 "Time to Recognize the Failure OF Israel-Egypt Treaty."] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081010130732/http://www.nysun.com/article/43906 |date=10 October 2008 }} ''[[The New York Sun]]''. 21 November 2006. 28 April 2008.</ref>

Egypt has mediated several unofficial ceasefire understandings between Israel and [[Palestinian people|Palestinians]], especially with the Hamas government in the [[Gaza strip]].

=== Iran ===
{{Main|Iran–Israel relations}}

[[File:Saffinia Israel.jpg|thumb|upright|Iranian minister Reza Saffinia visiting the home of Israeli president [[Chaim Weizmann]], 1950]]
Relations between Israel and Iran have alternated from close political alliances between the two states, during the era of the [[Pahlavi dynasty]], to open hostility following the rise to power of Ayatollah [[Ruhollah Khomeini]]. While Iran was the second Muslim-majority country to recognize Israel,<ref name="Zvi Bar'el">{{cite web|url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1121734.html |title=Comment / How do Turkey and Israel measure each other's love? |author=Zvi Bar'el |date=18 October 2009 |work=[[Haaretz]] |access-date=5 December 2009}}</ref> the two states do not currently have diplomatic relations with each other, due to Iran's withdrawal of its recognition of Israel. The post-1979 Iranian authorities avoid referring to Israel by its name, and instead use the terms "the Zionist regime" or "occupied Palestine". [[Iranian passport]]s bear an inscription that says, "The bearer of this passport is forbidden from traveling to occupied Palestine."<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20090611190927/http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,1902080,00.html Roxana Saberi and How Journalism Works in Iran], by Azadeh Moaveni, "Time", 1 June 2009</ref>

Due to recent [[rhetoric]] between Iran and Israel, [[Nuclear program of Iran|development of nuclear technology]], and Iranian funding of the groups [[Hamas]] and [[Hezbollah]], tensions have risen dramatically between the State of Israel and the Islamic Republic of Iran,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0622/Why-Iran-vs.-Israel-rhetoric-could-escalate-into-war |title=Why Iran vs. Israel rhetoric could escalate into war |last=Peterson |first=Scott |date=22 June 2010 |work=The Christian Science Monitor |access-date=27 July 2012}}</ref> especially after the [[2005 Iranian presidential election|election]] of the hardline [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] in 2005. Comments made by Ahmadinejad, who has called the Holocaust “a myth” and for Israel to be “wiped off the map”,<ref>{{cite news|url = http://www.allbusiness.com/middle-east/israel/3976209-1.html|title = Iranians visit Israel's Holocaust Web site|access-date = 31 January 2007|date = 30 January 2007|agency = Reuters|quote = Jews are alarmed by Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, who since coming to power in 2005 has drawn international condemnation by describing the Holocaust as "a myth" and calling for Israel to be "wiped off the map."}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url = https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna9823624|title = Iranians say Israel spat is really about nukes|access-date = 18 October 2006|date = 30 October 2005|work = [[NBC News]]|quote = President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's remark on Wednesday that Israel should be 'wiped off the map' sparked international condemnation, including a rebuke from the U.N. Security Council.}}</ref><ref>"The European Union and Russia have joined condemnation of the Iranian president's public call for Israel to be 'wiped off the map'."{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4378948.stm |title=Iran leader's comments attacked |work=BBC News |date=27 October 2005}}</ref><ref>"Iranian President Mahmud Ahmadinejad&nbsp;– who in October called for Israel to be 'wiped off the map'&nbsp;– has now questioned the extent of the Holocaust and suggested that the Jewish state be moved to Europe. Ahmadinejad's comments, made on the sidelines of a summit of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC), have again sparked international condemnation." Golnaz Esfandiari.{{cite web |url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/12/6f3acbdf-d5f9-4ba1-8c9d-278c700ae2ea.html | title=Iran: President's Latest Comments About Israel Spark Further Condemnation | publisher=Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty | date=9 December 2005}}</ref><ref>"Iran's president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, was condemned in the West when he called the Holocaust a myth." Michael Slackman. [http://www.iht.com/articles/2006/08/24/news/iran.php In Tehran, a riposte to the Danish cartoons] ''[[The New York Times]]'', 24 August 2006.</ref><ref>"In October 2005, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was condemned for calling for Israel to be "wiped off the map" and followed up with comments downplaying the Holocaust." [http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/01/08/wld01.asp Israel planning tactical nuclear strike on Iran] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110629194213/http://www.dailynews.lk/2007/01/08/wld01.asp |date=29 June 2011}}, ''Daily News Sri Lanka'', 8 January 2007.</ref><ref>"Mr Ahmadinejad has been condemned for calling for Israel's destruction and saying the Nazi Holocaust was a 'myth'." [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4610202.stm Bayern Munich deny backing Iran], [[BBC News]], 13 January 2006.</ref> were perceived by Israel as threats of destruction.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w051031&s=karshmiller103105|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071010042245/http://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=w051031&s=karshmiller103105|title=Repeat Offenders. Iran Says It Wants to Destroy Israel|archive-date=10 October 2007}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://archives.cnn.com/1999/WORLD/europe/12/31/2000/ |title=Little fanfare in Iraq |access-date=9 November 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071109165210/http://archives.cnn.com/1999/WORLD/europe/12/31/2000/ |archive-date=9 November 2007 }} "Iranian supreme leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei called for the destruction of Israel, saying it was the only way to solve the problems of the Middle East." ''[[CNN]]'', 1 January 2000</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iranfocus.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=4468 |title=European Parliament rips Iran leader's remarks |publisher=Iranfocus.com |date=17 November 2005 |access-date=14 May 2007 |archive-date=28 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071028183715/http://www.iranfocus.com/modules/news/article.php?storyid=4468 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/05/696&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en |title=European Commissioner for External Relations and European Neighbourhood policy: Statement on recent declarations by the President of Iran |publisher=Europa (web portal)}}</ref>

A large population of [[Persian Jews|Iranian Jews]] lives in Israel, among them former president of Israel [[Moshe Katsav]], former chief of staff / Defense Minister [[Shaul Mofaz]], and former chief of staff [[Dan Halutz]].

=== Iraq ===
{{Main|Iraq–Israel relations}}

No diplomatic relations between Israel and Iraq ever existed, but the issue of establishing such relations was given some consideration.
Following the American-British led [[invasion of Iraq]] in 2003, diplomats had been discussing the possibility of establishing diplomatic relations between Israel and Iraq. However, then-Iraqi Prime Minister [[Iyad Allawi]] said in 2004 that Iraq would not establish ties with Israel.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://english.people.com.cn/200407/27/eng20040727_150891.html | title=Iraq not to establish diplomatic ties with Israel: Allawi | work=People's Daily | date=27 July 2004}}</ref>

==== Kurdistan Region ====
{{Main|Israel–Kurdistan Region relations}}

In 2006, President of [[Kurdistan Region]] [[Massoud Barzani]] said: "It is not a crime to have relations with Israel. If Baghdad established diplomatic relations with Israel, we could open a consulate in Hewlêr (Kurdistan)." Israeli television broadcast photographs from the 1960s showing [[Mustafa Barzani]] embracing then Israeli defense minister [[Moshe Dayan]]. In 2004, Israeli officials met with Kurdish political leaders. In 2006 the BBC reported that Israel was training Kurdish militias in Iraqi Kurdistan.<ref name="Israelis 'train Kurdish forces'">{{cite news|title = Israelis 'train Kurdish forces'|url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/5364982.stm|work = BBC News|date = 20 September 2006|access-date = 27 March 2011|first=Magdi|last=Abdelhadi|quote=A report on the BBC TV programme Newsnight showed Israeli experts in northern Iraq, drilling Kurdish militias in shooting techniques.}}</ref> In April 2012, it was alleged that high-ranking Kurdish officials had collected the revenues of Iraqi oil that had been smuggled to Israel via the [[Iraqi Kurdistan|Kurdistan Region]].<ref name="AAN">{{cite news|title = Baghdad welcomes all relations but rejects ties with Israel: Iraqi PM|url = http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/07/01/223801.html?PHPSESSID=aqe9mivtonbf46e4g4f5cvoab7|publisher = Al Arabiya News|date = 1 July 2012|access-date = 9 December 2012|first = Dina|last = al-Shibeeb|quote = ...the presence of documents that prove the smuggling of Iraqi oil to Israel via Kurdistan, and that the revenues were collected by high-ranking Kurdish officials.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140721030944/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/07/01/223801.html?PHPSESSID=aqe9mivtonbf46e4g4f5cvoab7|archive-date = 21 July 2014|url-status = dead|df = dmy-all}}</ref>

=== Jordan ===
{{Main|Israel–Jordan relations}}

[[File:Hussein Clinton Rabin.jpg|thumb|[[King Hussein]], U.S. President [[Bill Clinton]] and [[Yitzhak Rabin]], Israel-Jordan peace treaty]]
Israel has full diplomatic relations in [[peace]] with Jordan since the signing of the [[Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace]] in 1994, but relations remain somewhat tense. Over half of the Jordanian populations descends from Palestinian refugees, who overwhelmingly have negative views of Israel.

=== Kuwait ===
{{Main|Israel–Kuwait relations}}
Relations between Israel and Kuwait are generally hostile, mainly as part of the [[Arab–Israeli conflict]]. In 2019 Kuwait's Deputy Foreign Minister Khaled Al-Jarallah said "Kuwait will be the last country to normalize relations with Israel".<ref>{{Cite news|date=February 16, 2019|title=Kuwait against normalization of ties with Israel|work=Kuwait Times}}</ref>

=== Lebanon ===
{{Main|Israel–Lebanon relations}}
Israel and Lebanon have been overshadowed by war, including the [[Syrian Occupation of Lebanon]] (1976–2005). In August 2006, after the clash between Hezbollah and Israel, Lebanese Prime Minister [[Fouad Siniora]] said that Lebanon would be the "last Arab country to make peace with Israel" because of the large number of civilians that were killed in the [[2006 Lebanon War]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Siniora vows to be last in making peace with Israel | first= Leila | last= Hatoum |url= http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/Aug/31/Siniora-vows-to-be-last-in-making-peace-with-Israel.ashx | newspaper= [[The Daily Star (Lebanon)|The Daily Star]]|date= 31 August 2006 |access-date= 15 November 2012}}</ref>

Since the year 2000, and due to many wars with Hezbollah, Israel treats Lebanon as an "enemy state",<ref>{{cite news |title=Israeli arrest of Arab citizen over Lebanon visit angers rights groups |author=Maher Abukhater |url=https://www.latimes.com/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-israel-arab-lebanon-rights-20140417-story.html |newspaper=Los Angeles Times |date=17 April 2014 |access-date=26 November 2014}}</ref> although it is considering the possibility of a [[non-aggression pact]].

In 2008 a [[Pew Research Center]] survey found that negative views concerning Jews were most common in Lebanon, with 97% of Lebanese having unfavorable opinion of Jews.<ref>[http://www.pewglobal.org/files/pdf/262.pdf Unfavorable Views of Jews and Muslims on the increase in Europe] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171218070018/http://www.pewglobal.org/files/pdf/262.pdf |date=18 December 2017 }} Pew Global Attitudes Research 17 September 2008, page 10</ref> In a 2011 survey again by the Pew Research Center, all of the Muslim-majority Middle Eastern countries polled held strongly negative views of Jews. In the questionnaire, only 3% of [[Lebanon|Lebanese]] reported having a positive view of Jews.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://pewglobal.org/2011/07/21/muslim-western-tensions-persist/3/ |work=PEW Global Attitudes Report |date=21 July 2011 |title=Muslim-Western Tensions Persist |access-date=19 September 2013}}</ref>

=== Morocco ===
{{Main|Israel–Morocco relations}}
Moroccan expeditionary forces fought alongside a coalition of Arab countries in the [[Yom Kippur War]] against Israel.<ref>Mahjoub Tobji (2006). Les officiers de Sa Majesté : Les dérives des généraux marocains 1956–2006. 107: Fayard. {{ISBN|978-2213630151}}.</ref> In 1986, [[Hassan II|King Hassan II]] invited then Israeli Prime Minister [[Shimon Peres]] for talks, becoming the second Arab leader to host an Israeli leader after Anwar Sadat. Following the September 1993 signing of the [[Oslo Accords|Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles]], Morocco accelerated its economic ties and political contacts with Israel. In September 1994, Morocco and Israel announced the opening of bilateral liaison offices.<ref>{{Cite news|date=September 2, 1994|title=Peres Hails Morocco Link|work=The Guardian}}</ref> When the king died in 1999, then-prime minister [[Ehud Barak]] and the Moroccan-born foreign minister [[David Levy (Israeli politician)|David Levy]] flew to Rabat for his funeral.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.alarabiya.net/save_pdf.php?cont_id=45204 |title=Moroccan Berber-Jewish alliance sparks alarm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304060639/http://www.alarabiya.net/save_pdf.php?cont_id=45204 |archive-date=4 March 2016  }}</ref> The foreign offices were closed in 2000 following sustained [[Second Intifada|Israeli-Palestinian violence]]. In September 2016, Moroccan King Mohammed VI sent his personal adviser Andre Azulai, who is Jewish, to attend the state funeral of former Israeli Prime Minister and President [[Shimon Peres]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.moroccoworldnews.com/2016/09/197581/azoulay-represent-morocco-shimon-perez-funeral/|title=Azoulay to Represent Morocco in Shimon Perez Funeral|date=29 September 2016}}</ref>

Prior to the establishment of formal relations, Israeli tourism to Morocco was encouraged by the World Federation of Moroccan Jewry, a non-governmental private Jewish organization.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3763433,00.html |title=Moroccans fume over Israeli travel alert |work=Ynetnews |date=20 June 1995|last1=Sadeh |first1=Danny }}</ref>

On 10 December 2020, [[Israel–Morocco normalization agreement|Morocco agreed to establish diplomatic relations with Israel]] in exchange for the United States supporting Morocco's claim on [[Western Sahara]]. On the same day, the United States agreed to the sale of sophisticated drones to Morocco.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-morocco-drones-exclusive-idUSKBN28K2R4|title=Exclusive: U.S. nears sale of four sophisticated drones to Morocco – sources|newspaper=Reuters |date=10 December 2020|via=www.reuters.com}}</ref>

=== Oman ===
{{Main|Israel–Oman relations}}
In 1996, Oman and Israel agreed to exchange trade representation offices.<ref>{{cite web|title=Oman recognizes Israel as a state|url=https://www.i24news.tv/en/news/international/187274-181027-oman-optimistic-about-trump-peace-plan-recognizes-israel-as-state|access-date=27 October 2018}}</ref>

=== Qatar ===
{{Main|Israel–Qatar relations}}

Qatar and Israel do not currently have diplomatic relations, although they maintained economic relations between 1996 and 2000. Qatar is a major financial supporter of the Palestinian Sunni-Islamic fundamentalist group [[Hamas]].

=== Saudi Arabia ===
{{Main|Israel–Saudi Arabia relations}}

In 2005, Saudi Arabia announced the end of its ban on Israeli goods and services, mostly due to its application to the [[World Trade Organization]], where one member country cannot have a total ban on another. However, {{as of|2006|08|lc=on}}, the Saudi boycott was not cancelled.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.nysun.com/article/34829 |title=Saudi Ambassador Says Trade Boycott of Israel Will Not End |author=ELI LAKE |newspaper=New York Sun |date=21 June 2006 |access-date=6 October 2006 |archive-date=7 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090107181944/http://www.nysun.com/article/34829 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/65777.pdf |title=Arab League Boycott of Israel}}&nbsp;{{small|(42.1&nbsp;KB)}} CRS Report for Congress by Martin A. Weiss. Order Code RS22424. 19 April 2006</ref>

In recent years, Saudi Arabia has changed its viewpoint concerning the validity of negotiating with Israel. It calls for Israel's withdrawal from territory occupied in June 1967 in order for peace with the Arab states; then-Crown Prince Abdullah extended a [[Arab Peace Initiative|multilateral peace proposal]] based on withdrawal in 2002. At that time, Israel did not respond to the offer. In 2007 Saudi Arabia again officially supported a resolution of the Arab–Israeli conflict which supported a full right of Palestinian refugees to move to Israel, which generated more official negative [[Arab Peace Initiative#Reactions|reactions]] from Israeli authorities.

=== Syria ===
{{Main|Israel–Syria relations|Iran–Israel proxy conflict}}

Syria's relations with Israel are very poor, due to the Israeli occupation of the [[Golan Heights]] and Syria's close ties with the anti-Israel militant group [[Hezbollah]] and with the [[Islamic Republic of Iran]].

Since 2004, Syria has accepted the import of apples from farmers in the [[Golan Heights]], territory that it claims, through the [[Quneitra]] crossing. This was a result of the ongoing Israeli refusal to accept apples from Golan farmers (reportedly due to over-supply), which led to a plea by the farmers to the Syrian government to accept their produce before it became spoiled in order to prevent economic collapse. In 2010, some 10,000 tons of apples grown by [[Druze]] farmers in the Golan Heights were sent to Syria.<ref>{{cite web |last=Ashkenazi |first=Eli |url=http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1153539.html |title=Israeli trucks cross into Syria in annual 'apple invasion' |work=Haaretz |date=3 March 2010 |access-date=8 March 2010 |archive-date=6 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100406162719/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1153539.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

=== Tunisia ===
{{Main|Israel–Tunisia relations}}

Tunisia participated in the [[Yom Kippur War]], sending 1,000–2,000 troops to fight alongside a coalition of Arab countries against Israel.<ref>[http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm "Opinion: The Fourth round — A Critical Review of 1973 Arab-Israeli War A Critical Review of 1973 Arab-Israeli War"] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116071541/http://www.defencejournal.com/2002/nov/4th-round.htm |date=16 January 2009}} ''defencejournal.com''</ref> The relations worsened further in the early 2000s when the [[Second Intifada]] began, and on 22 October 2000, the state radio of Tunisia declared that [[President Ben Ali]] had decided to break all diplomatic ties with Israel following the "violence in the Palestinian-controlled territories".<ref>''Arab Mass Media: Newspapers, Radio, and Television in Arab Politics''</ref><ref>''Tunisia: Stability and Reform in the Modern Maghreb''</ref>

=== Turkey ===
{{Main|Israel–Turkey relations}}

[[File:Flickr - Israel Defense Forces - Arrival of Foreign Aid to IAF Bases, Dec 2010 (5).jpg|thumb|left|Turkish firefighting plane sent to aid Israel, 2010]]
Turkey was the first Muslim-majority nation to formally recognize the State of Israel.<ref name="Zvi Bar'el" />

In January 2009, the Turkish government's condemnation of the 2008–09 [[Gaza War (2008–09)|Gaza War]] severely strained relations between the two countries. Erdoğan harshly criticized Israel's conduct in Gaza at the [[World Economic Forum]] conference in [[Davos]], Switzerland in early 2009.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/europe/2009/01/20091291976879610.html Stormy debate in Davos over Gaza]. Al Jazeera (29 January 2009)</ref><ref>[https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=aR0w12J2KtyI&refer=home Erdogan Clashes With Peres, Storms Out of Davos Panel (Update1)] {{Webarchive|url=http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20090626150616/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid%3D20601087%26sid%3DaR0w12J2KtyI%26refer%3Dhome |date=26 June 2009}} Bloomberg</ref>

Relations between the two countries were further strained after the 2010 [[Gaza flotilla raid]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jun/01/gaza-flotilla-raid-turkey-prime-minister-israel |location=London |title=Gaza flotilla raid draws furious response from Turkey's prime minister |date=1 June 2010 |newspaper=The Guardian |first=Ian |last=Traynor}}</ref> On 2 September 2011, Turkey downgraded ties with Israel to second secretary level and suspended military co-operation between the countries.<ref>[http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/2011927226423902.html Turkey downgrades ties with Israel], Al Jazeera, 2 September 2011</ref>

=== United Arab Emirates ===
{{Main|Israel–United Arab Emirates relations}}

Following the [[assassination of Mahmoud Al-Mabhouh]] in the UAE in 2010, allegedly by Israel, the UAE announced that travelers suspected of being Israeli would not be admitted even if using a foreign passport.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/emirates-no-entry-for-suspected-israelis/ |title=Emirates: No Entry for Suspected Israelis |newspaper=The Times of Israel |date=1 March 2010}}</ref> Prior to August 13, 2020, UAE had not recognized Israel as a state, and the two countries lacked official diplomatic or economic relations. Prior to the announcement of the 2020 agreement, relations had improved to the extent that Israel opened an office in Abu Dhabi, albeit only as a mission to the [[International Renewable Energy Agency]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.688235?date=1448621226428 |title=Exclusive: Israel to Open First Diplomatic Mission in Abu Dhabi – Israel News – Israel News – Haaretz Israeli News Source |newspaper=Haaretz |access-date=28 November 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Weinglass |first=Simona |url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/in-diplomatic-first-israel-to-open-mission-in-abu-dhabi/ |title=In diplomatic first, Israel to open mission in Abu Dhabi |newspaper=The Times of Israel |access-date=28 November 2015}}</ref>

Israel and the United Arab Emirates announced a [[Israel–United Arab Emirates peace agreement|deal to establish diplomatic relations]] on August 13, 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/israel-and-uae-reach-historic-peace-deal-638524|title=Israel, UAE reach historic peace deal: 'We can make a wonderful future'|website=The Jerusalem Post|date=14 August 2020 }}</ref> In July 2021, The United Arab Emirates officially opened an embassy in Israel, becoming only the third majority Arab nation to have full diplomatic relations with Israel.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Welle (www.dw.com) |first1=Deutsche |title=UAE opens embassy in Israel to improve trade {{!}} DW {{!}} 14.07.2021 |url=https://www.dw.com/en/uae-opens-embassy-in-israel-to-improve-trade/a-58259425 |work=DW.COM}}</ref>

=== Yemen ===
{{Main|Israel–Yemen relations}}

Yemen and Israel do not have diplomatic relations, and contacts between the two countries are very tense. People with an Israeli passport or any passport with an Israeli stamp cannot enter Yemen, and Yemen is defined as an "enemy state" by Israeli law.